30 research outputs found
The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Îââ„0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.Fil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: HernĂĄndez Zaragoza, Diana IraĂz. TĂ©cnicas GenĂ©ticas Aplicadas A la ClĂnica (tgac); MĂ©xico. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: Bravo Acevedo, Alicia. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Arrieta Bolaños, Esteban. Universitat Essen; AlemaniaFil: Clayton, Stephen. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; AlemaniaFil: Acuña Alonzo, VĂctor. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia, Mexico; MĂ©xicoFil: MartĂnez Ălvarez, Julio CĂ©sar. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: LĂłpez Gil, ConcepciĂłn. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Adalid SĂĄinz, Carmen. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Vega MartĂnez, MarĂa del Rosario. Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad; MĂ©xicoFil: Escobedo RuĂz, Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: JuĂĄrez CortĂ©s, Eva Dolores. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Immel, Alexander. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: GonzĂĄlez Medina, Liliana. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: Lona SĂĄnchez, Abraham. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: Lara Riegos, Julio. Universidad AutĂłnoma de YucatĂĄn; MĂ©xicoFil: SĂĄnchez FernĂĄndez, MarĂa Guadalupe de JesĂșs. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: DĂaz LĂłpez, Rosario. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MĂ©xicoFil: Guizar LĂłpez, Gregorio Ulises. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MĂ©xicoFil: Medina Escobedo, Carolina Elizabeth. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Arrazola GarcĂa, MarĂa Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: Montiel HernĂĄndez, Gustavo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia. Escuela Nacional de AntropologĂa E Historia; MĂ©xicoFil: HernĂĄndez HernĂĄndez, Ofelia. TĂ©cnicas GenĂ©ticas Aplicadas a la ClĂnica ; MĂ©xicoFil: Ramos de la Cruz, Flor del RocĂo. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: JuĂĄrez NicolĂĄs, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de PediatrĂa; MĂ©xicoFil: Pantoja Torres, Jorge Arturo. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MĂ©xicoFil: RodrĂguez MunguĂa, Tirzo JesĂșs. Hospital General Norberto Treviño Zapata; MĂ©xicoFil: JuĂĄrez Barreto, Vicencio. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MĂ©xicoFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Centro Nacional PatagĂłnico. Instituto PatagĂłnico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin
Symptom cluster analysis of long COVID-19 in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital in Mexico City.
INTRODUCTION: Several reports have emerged describing the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and its effects on multiple systems. METHODS: As further research is needed, we conducted a longitudinal observational study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 by symptom clusters in patients discharged from the Temporary COVID-19 Hospital (TCH) in Mexico City. Self-reported clinical symptom data were collected via telephone calls over 90 days post-discharge. Among 4670 patients, we identified 45 symptoms across eight symptom clusters (neurological; mood disorders; systemic; respiratory; musculoskeletal; ear, nose, and throat; dermatological; and gastrointestinal). RESULTS: We observed that the neurological, dermatological, and mood disorder symptom clusters persisted in >30% of patients at 90 days post-discharge. Although most symptoms decreased in frequency between day 30 and 90, alopecia and the dermatological symptom cluster significantly increased (pâ<â0.00001). Women were more prone than men to develop long-term symptoms, and invasive mechanical ventilation also increased the frequency of symptoms at 30 days post-discharge. CONCLUSION: Overall, we observed that symptoms often persisted regardless of disease severity. We hope these findings will help promote public health strategies that ensure equity in the access to solutions focused on the long-term consequences of COVID-19
MAREJADAS RURALES Y LUCHAS POR LA VIDA, VOL. II: CONFLICTOS SOCIOTERRITORIALES Y POR RECURSOS NATURALES
Volumen 2. Conflictos socioterritoriales y por recursos naturales, coordinado por: RosalĂa LĂłpez Paniagua, Dante Ariel Ayala Ortiz y Armando Contreras HernĂĄndez, constituido por 19 trabajos, divididos en tres secciones.
La primera titulada Tierra: tenencia y cultivos transgĂ©nicos, contiene 6 trabajos, que abordan el persistente conflicto por la tenencia de la tierra y la producciĂłn de soya y maĂz transgĂ©nico y la asociada acumulaciĂłn del capital por despojo que caracteriza la agricultura transgĂ©nica en MĂ©xico, pero tambiĂ©n
formas de resistencia como la denuncia de contaminación transgénica en la Sierra Juårez de Oaxaca y las instituciones, actores y gestión en la Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas. La segunda sección: Territorio: Explotación y envenenamiento, estå compuesta por 5 trabajos que hacen referencia a los conflictos socioambientales
derivados de la minerĂa en manos de empresas nacionales y extranjeras omisas y gobiernos cĂłmplices de las consecuencias depredadoras que generan en territorios campesinos e indĂgenas, debido a su asociaciĂłn con el narcotrĂĄfico y por la contaminaciĂłn del agua y la tierra que provocan, ademĂĄs de las
consecuencias perversas en la salud humana y el entorno natural en diversas regiones del paĂs.
En la tercera y Ășltima secciĂłn, Agua: contaminaciĂłn y escases, los 8 trabajos que la integran, analizan los conflictos socioterritoriales y luchas por la vida, en diversos estados del paĂs. Se trata de investigaciones que estudian movimientos y conflictos sociales actuales en el campo mexicano, como son
las luchas por la defensa del territorio y la defensa de la naturaleza, trabajos que abordan especialmente las disputas por el agua, y los problemas asociados del acceso, la escasez y la contaminaciĂłn, no solo internos sino con empresas y con el Estado mismo que con la aprobaciĂłn y aplicaciĂłn de leyes y reglamentos, el despojo a los campesinos de su territorio en el que han trabajado y vivido por generaciones.INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y RURALES (ICAR), UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACĂN A.C., FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLĂN-UNAM, ECOSUR, CUCOSTA SUR GRANA, ASOCIACIĂN MEXICANA DE ESTUDIOS RURALES A.C
Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimerâs and Parkinsonâs diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinsonâs disease (PD) and Alzheimerâs disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased AÎČ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
El impuesto empresarial a tasa Ășnica (ietu) aplicado a personas morales del rĂ©gimen general, su afectaciĂłn contable y efectos fiscales
SEMINARIO: PROYECCIONES FINANCIERAS SU ACTUALIZACION Y ANALISI
Potential of Kale and Lettuce Residues as Natural Adsorbents of the Carcinogen Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in a Dynamic Gastrointestinal Tract-Simulated Model
Adsorption of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) onto agro-waste-based materials is a promising alternative over conventional inorganic binders. In the current study, two unmodified adsorbents were eco-friendly prepared from kale and lettuce agro-wastes. A dynamic gastrointestinal tract-simulated model was utilized to evaluate the removal efficiency of the sorptive materials (0.5%, w/w) when added to an AFB1-contaminated diet (100 ”g AFB1/kg). Different characterization methodologies were employed to understand the interaction mechanisms between the AFB1 molecule and the biosorbents. Based on adsorption results, the biosorbent prepared from kale was the best; its maximum adsorption capacity was 93.6%, which was significantly higher than that of the lettuce biosorbent (83.7%). Characterization results indicate that different mechanisms may act simultaneously during adsorption. Non-electrostatic (hydrophobic interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding) and electrostatic interactions (ionic attractions) together with the formation of AFB1-chlorophyll complexes appear to be the major influencing factors driving AFB1 biosorption
Humic Acids Preparation, Characterization, and Their Potential Adsorption Capacity for Aflatoxin B1 in an In Vitro Poultry Digestive Model
Vermicompost was used for humic acid (HA) preparation, and the adsorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. Two forms of HA were evaluated, natural HA and sodium-free HA (SFHA). As a reference, a non-commercial zeolitic material was employed. The adsorbents were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), zeta potential (ζ-potential), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The adsorbent capacity of the materials when added to an AFB1-contaminated diet (100 µg AFB1/kg) was evaluated using an in vitro model that simulates the digestive tract of chickens. Characterization results revealed the primary functional groups in HA and SFHA were carboxyl and phenol. Furthermore, adsorbents have a highly negative ζ-potential at the three simulated pH values. Therefore, it appears the main influencing factors for AFB1 adsorption are electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, the bioavailability of AFB1 in the intestinal section was dramatically decreased when sorbents were added to the diet (0.2%, w/w). The highest AFB1 adsorption percentages using HA and SFHA were 97.6% and 99.7%, respectively. The zeolitic material had a considerable adsorption (81.5%). From these results, it can be concluded that HA and SFHA from vermicompost could be used as potential adsorbents to remove AFB1 from contaminated feeds
Association of vWA and TPOX Polymorphisms with Venous Thrombosis in Mexican Mestizos
Objective. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disorder and, worldwide, the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. Genetic factors play a critical role in its aetiology. Microsatellites are the most important source of human genetic variation having more phenotypic effect than many single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hence, we evaluate a possible relationship between VTE and the genetic variants in von Willebrand factor, human alpha fibrinogen, and human thyroid peroxidase microsatellites to identify possible diagnostic markers. Methods. Genotypes were obtained from 177 patients with VTE and 531 nonrelated individuals using validated genotyping methods. The allelic frequencies were compared; Bayesian methods were used to correct population stratification to avoid spurious associations. Results. The vWA-18, TPOX-9, and TPOX-12 alleles were significantly associated with VTE. Moreover, subjects bearing the combination vWA-18/TPOX-12 loci exhibited doubled risk for VTE (95% CI = 1.02-3.64), whereas the combination vWA-18/TPOX-9 showed an OR = 10 (95% CI = 4.93-21.49). Conclusions. The vWA and TPOX microsatellites are good candidate biomarkers in venous thromboembolism diseases and could help to elucidate their origins. Additionally, these polymorphisms could become useful markers for genetic studies of VTE in the Mexican population; however, further studies should be done owing that this data only show preliminary evidence