Orquesta Filarmónica de Cúcuta : propósito y propuesta de su filosofía y modelo de negocio

Este trabajo propone la creación de la nueva Orquesta Filarmónica de Cúcuta como medio de inclusión y desarrollo social en torno a la música sinfónica. El propósito de este trabajo nace de la necesidad de generar beneficios individuales y colectivos en la promoción de espacios culturales para la cohesión de los ciudadanos nortesantandereanos, posibilidades de empleo para los músicos profesionales y la consolidación de la música como factor esencial de desarrollo comunitario. Como resultado de este trabajo se presentan los fundamentos organizacionales. En consecuencia, la filosofía y el modelo de negocio de la institución se desarrollan a partir de entender la nueva orquesta como una herramienta transformadora para promover la identidad individual y colectiva.This work proposes the creation of the new Philharmonic Orchestra of Cúcuta as a means of inclusion and social development around symphonic music. The purpose of this paper comes from the need to generate individual and collective profits in promoting cultural spaces for the cohesion of the North-Santanderean citizens, employment possibilities for professional musicians, and the consolidation of music as an essential factor of community development. Organizational fundamentals are presented as the result of this work. Consequently, the institution's philosophy and business model are developed from understanding the new orchestra as a transformative tool for promoting individual and collective identity

Medición de impacto con la herramienta del Retorno Social de la Inversión (SROI) en tres de los programas de la orquesta filarmónica de Medellín en el departamento de Antioquia

Este proyecto presenta a la herramienta del Retorno Social de la Inversión (SROI) como un recurso para las entidades sociales sobre el reconocimiento del impacto realizado, con el propósito de utilizar el resultado para la consecución de aliados. En específico, se realizó una evaluación de impacto por medio del SROI en tres de los programas de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Medellín (Concierto de temporada – conciertos al barrio, Inspiración Comfama, Coro Reconciliación). Este proyecto propone como base teórica la Teoría del Cambio, la Teoría del análisis costo beneficio, además del concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible, información primaria para conceptualizar y evaluar el impacto. Para este SROI, se recopiló la información de las bases de datos de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Medellín y se realizaron supuestos basados en información del sector musical en el departamento de Antioquia.This project presents the Social Return on Investment (SROI) tool as a resource for social entities on the recognition of the impact made with the purpose of using the result to achieve allies. Specifically, an impact evaluation was carried out through the SROI in three of the programs of the Medellín Philharmonic Orchestra (Seasonal Concert – neighborhood concerts, Comfama Inspiration, Reconciliation Choir). This project proposes as a theoretical basis the Theory of Change and the Theory of cost-benefit analysis, in addition to the concept of Sustainable Development, primary information to conceptualize and evaluate the impact. For this SROI, information was collected from the databases of the Medellín Philharmonic Orchestra and assumptions were made based on information from the music sector in the department of Antioquia

Legislación laboral para el sector agropecuario

Los trabajadores del sector agropecuario de Colombia usualmente no reciben las mismas condiciones laborales que rezan en el Código Sustantivo del Trabajo (1950), dado que muchos productores no generan los ingresos suficientes para cubrir los costos que implica tener un trabajador. La forma de contratación usualmente es verbal y están subordinados, cumpliendo horario y recibiendo un salario semanal, razones estas que los incluyen dentro de un contrato laboral que no se da, y no es precisamente por desconocimiento, sino porque financieramente no es posible. Con base en lo anterior, un estudio que permita establecer el alcance de la legislación laboral en Colombia para el sector agropecuario es un aporte al desarrollo social del país, con el fin de mejorar las condiciones apropiadas en lo laboral para los pobladores rurales, que contribuye además a disminuir los focos de violencia que se generan por la desigualdad social.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- Derech

Identification of the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Four-Spotted Coconut Weevil, Diocalandra frumenti

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc6b04829[EN] The four-spotted coconut weevil, Diocalandra frumenti Fabricius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), is a small weevil found attacking economically important palm species, such as coconut, date,, oil, and Canary palms. Given the scarcity of detection and management tools for this pest, the availability of a pheromone to be included in trapping protocols would be a crucial advantage. Previous laboratory experiments showed evidence for aggregation behavior; thus, our main goal was to identify the aggregation pheromone in this species. The volatile profile of D. frumenti individuals was studied by aeration and collection of effluvia in Porapak-Q and also by solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques. Moreover, solvent extraction of previously frozen crushed individuals was also performed. All resulting extracts and SPME fibers were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The comparison of male and female samples provided the candidate compound, 5ethyl-2,4-dimethy1-6,8-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1]octane (multistriatin), whose biological activity was evaluated in olfactometer and field assays.This work received funding from Direccion General de Agricultura del Gobierno de Canarias (Spain).Vacas González, S.; Navarro Fuertes, I.; Seris, E.; Ramos, C.; Hernández Suárez, E.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J. (2017). Identification of the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Four-Spotted Coconut Weevil, Diocalandra frumenti. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65(2):270-275. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc6b04829S27027565

COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO Y CALIDAD DEL GRANO DE SIETE CULTIVARES DE CAFÉ MANEJADO BAJO SOMBRA, MASATEPE, NICARAGUA

Four coffee varieties (CATRENIC, CARO, PACAS y PARO were planted in year 2000. Additionally three hybrids were tested L2,A30; L3, A17; L.13, A.12 known along the text as Hibrid 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The four varieties and the three hybrids were arranged in a randomized Block Design (BCA). The variables number of coffee berries per kilogram, mean weight of each coffee berries, green coffee production, quality of the green coffee (size), fresh coffee cup (acidity and body test) were measured during this study. The nicaraguan technical norm (NTON) for coffee market was considered for coffee classification. CATRENIC coffee variety needs less number of coffee berries to obtain one kilogram of green coffee. The hybrids 2 and 4 presented higher acidity content and were classified as good. From 2005 to 2007 the coffee was classified as BB because the climate conditions and the coffee price has a mean of 134.42 American dollars per 45 kg In general the higher amount of precipitation in some years favours de yield and quality of the four coffee varieties and the three coffee hybrids evaluated in the pacific area of Nicaragua.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v10i15.665Fueron establecidos y manejados desde el 2000, las variedades de café Catrenic, Catrenic injertada sobre Robusta (CARO), Pacas, pacas injertadas en Robusta (PARO); adicionalmente se valoraron tres líneas híbridos de café L2,A30; L3,A17; L.13, A.12, conocidos como híbridos 2, 3 y 4 respectivamente, los que se establecieron en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Se analizaron las variables número de frutos contenidos en un kg de peso, peso pro-medio de frutos, la producción de grano oro, análisis físico de los granos (cribas) y la calidad de taza (acidez y cuerpo); fue valorado el tipo de café y clasificado según la norma técnica nicaragüense (NTON 03-025-03) y el respectivo análisis de mercado. Se obtuvo que Catrenic requiere de menor cantidad de grano por kg de peso por mayor peso del grano y grosor. Todas las variedades mejoraron en el ciclo productivo de mayor precipitación. En relación a la producción de grano oro, el Hibrido 2 (L2,A30) manifestó el mayor incremento en el tiempo. El tamaño de los granos mejoró producto de las condiciones de humedad que prevalecieron y favorables para Pacas, y para PARO. Tanto el análisis de acidez y cuerpo fue variable en las muestras, sin embargo, los híbridos 2 y 4 mostraron un mayor por ciento en la calificación de Bueno. Excepto en el ciclo 2005 / 2006 los híbridos 2, 3 y 4 y Catrenic y CARO, resultaron Bueno entre un 20 a un 60 %, coincidiendo con las mejores condiciones de precipitación. En los ciclos 2005 / 2006 y 2006 / 2007 en todas las variedades fue calificado el café en la categoría BB, que en ese momento el precio establecido era de US $ 134.42 el quintal oro.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v10i15.665 &nbsp

Inequidades en salud de la primera infancia en el municipio de Andes, Antioquia, Colombia: un análisis desde la epidemiología crítica

En Colombia persisten inequidades en la salud de la primera infancia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para estimar las desigualdades en salud de la primera infancia del municipio de Andes, Antioquia. Las categorías teóricas utilizadas fueron la clase social y los modos de vida. Se hizo valoración clínica del crecimiento, del desarrollo y del estado de la dentición de 642 niños de cero a cinco años. Se encuestó a los adultos acompañantes para clasificar su posición de clase. El muestreo fue probabilístico en la zona urbana y por concentración en la rural. La población se clasificó en cinco fracciones de clase. Se observaron desigualdades en los modos de vida, en el desarrollo infantil y en la experiencia de caries dental; más graves en los niños de las familias subasalariadas. Las disparidades constituyen inequidades sociales, puesto que son producto de las condiciones de vida que les son impuestas a los grupos humanos de acuerdo con su posición social

Association of urinary activity of MMP-9 with renal impairment in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An early event in diabetic kidney disease is alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and the mesangial expansion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of endopeptidases responsible for controlling the pathophysiological remodeling of tissues, including renal tissues. MMP-9 in human urine has been proposed as a marker of diabetic nephropathy and urinary tract infections (UTI). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who receive first level medical attention in Mexico. We used ELISA to measure MMP-9 levels in the urine of subjects with T2DM ≥ 18 years of age, who fulfilled the clinical requirements for calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), according to the K/DOQI guide, in an attempt to identify whether MMP-9 levels in T2DM differ in patients with and without renal impairment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed in order to identify the association between MMP-9 and renal impairment. Results Included in the study were 34 (45%) subjects with renal impairment and 42 (55%) without. In the group with renal impairment, 10 subjects corresponded to stages 1–2 and 24 subjects corresponded to stage 3, according to their values of GFR and urinary albumin, following that proposed by the K/DOQI. No differences were found relating to sex, age, having or not having a partner, education, being able to read and write a message and duration of T2DM. Moreover, no differences were found between the groups in terms of weight, height, body mass index, waist size in general and frequency of UTI. In contrast, serum creatinine and urinary albumin were higher in the group with renal impairment, while GFR was greater in the group without renal impairment. Levels of MMP-9 were greater in women compared to men. Through univariate analysis in the general population, the presence of MMP-9 and that of its percentile 90 (P90) P90 were associated with the renal impairment group; however, in patients without UTI, only the presence of MMP-9 was associated with the renal impairment group, and no association was found with its P90. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between MMP-9 and its P90 with renal impairment. Discussion It is necessary to validate sensitive and non-invasive biological markers of CKD. We demonstrate that the presence and P90 of urinary MMP-9 are associated with renal impairment in Mexican patients with T2DM. While high levels of MMP-9 were associated to females and UTI, the presence of UTI was not associated with the incidence of renal impairment

Association of TAP1 1177A>G and 2090A>G gene polymorphisms with latent tuberculosis infections in sheltered populations, in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico: a pilot study

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition that has no clinical signs and symptoms. LTBI patients are characterized by persistent immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and approximately 5-10% of these infected individuals will develop active TB at some point in their lives. The antigen transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) is a protein involved in the transport of the antigen from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum by means of the association with MHC class I molecules. It plays a fundamental role in the immune response, promoting the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Our pilot study aimed to determine the association between TAP1 gene 1177A>G (rs1057141) and 2090A>G (rs1135216) genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to LTBI. In this case-control study, 153 individuals from shelters were analyzed (46 were LTBI-positive and 92 were controls). Genotyping of the rs11352216 (2090A>G) and rs1057141 (1177A>G) gene IDs was performed using the Applied Biosystems Step One Thermal Cycler Real-Time PCR allelic discrimination technology. The haplotypic analyses were performed with the Arlequin 3.5 program. Social assistance centers and shelters that serve vulnerable populations represent high-risk sites due to overcrowding and the impaired nutritional status of their residents. The G allele (OR=1.99, CI=1.109-3.587, p=0.021) and the GG genotype of rs11352216 (A>G) were associated with susceptibility to LTBI, according to the codominant genetic model (OR=8.32, CI=1.722-61.98, p=0.007). The rs1057141 (A>G) polymorphism was not associated with LTBI risk. The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of rs1135216 (A>G) are susceptible to LTBI

Active flux seasonality of the small dominant migratory crustaceans and mesopelagic fishes in the Gulf of California during June and October

The biological carbon pump is the process that transports carbon vertically out of the mixed layer in the ocean. Besides the sinking flux of organic particles, active flux due to the daily vertical migration of zooplankton and micronekton promotes a significant carbon transport not fully accounted for or understood in the world’s oceans. The diversity and abundance of epipelagic and mesopelagic species in the Gulf of California has been extensively studied, but the role of micronekton in carbon export has not yet been investigated. We studied the carbon flux promoted by juvenile and adult mesopelagic fishes and crustaceans (Decapoda and Euphausiidae) during the transition from the cold to warm period (June) and the onset of the warm season (October) in 2018. We provide the first estimation of migrant biomass and respiratory flux of the most abundant migratory species of mesopelagic fishes, decapods and euphausiids in the Gulf of California. The micronekton species collected accounted for a large biomass of mesopelagic fishes and pelagic crustaceans. The average migrant biomass estimates were 151.5 ± 101.2 mg C·m−2 during June and 90.9 ± 75.3 mg C·m−2 during October. The enzymatic activity of the electron transfer system (ETS) was measured as an estimate of their respiratory rates. Average specific ETS activity was significantly different between fishes and decapods, and between fishes and euphausiids (p < 0.05). The respiratory flux of fishes was predominant in the Gulf of California, followed by pelagic decapods and euphausiids. Seasonal changes in respiratory flux were observed for fishes (June: 6.1 ± 1.5 mg C·m−2·d−1; October: 3.2 ± 1.8 mg C·m−2·d−1) and decapods (June: 0.4 mg C·m−2·d−1; October: 0.7 ± 0.05 mg C·m−2·d−1). Respiratory flux estimation by crustaceans (decapods and euphausiids) and fishes together was 6.86 mg C·m−2·d−1 during June, and 4.21 mg C·m−2·d−1 during October 2018, suggesting a functional role of this large micronektonic fauna in the biological carbon export in this region.3,26