Aplicación de ingeniería de métodos para incrementar la productividad en el proceso de envasado en GENESIS E.I.R.L. – Chimbote, 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general aplicar la ingeniería de métodos para incrementar la productividad en el proceso de envasado en GENESIS E.I.R.L. Este estudio fue del tipo aplicada, teniendo un diseño de investigación pre experimental. La población estuvo conformada por la productividad de los procesos productivos para la elaboración del filete de bonito en aceite vegetal, cuya muestra fue la productividad del proceso de envasado. Algunos de los instrumentos importantes fueron cursograma analítico del operario, diagrama de recorrido, diagrama bimanual y formato de estudio de tiempos. Se obtuvo como resultado que el porcentaje de actividades improductivas en el método propuesto fue de 30%, que significó una disminución de 10% respecto al método actual. Por lo que se redujo el tiempo estándar de 1864.02 segundos/caja a 1309.43 segundos/caja, generando una disminución de 30%. Finalmente, las productividades de materia prima, mano de obra y costo de mano de obra se incrementaron teniendo una variación de 2.24%, 32.64% y 32.31% respectivamente. Llegando a la conclusión que, gracias a la aplicación de la ingeniería de métodos, se logró el incremento de la productividad conllevando al beneficio de la empresa y a los trabajadores del proceso de envasado

Early-onset and classical forms of type 2 diabetes show impaired expression of genes involved in muscle branched-chain amino acids metabolism

Abstract The molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiological traits of type 2 diabetes are incompletely understood. Here we have performed transcriptomic analysis in skeletal muscle, and plasma metabolomics from subjects with classical and early-onset forms of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Focused studies were also performed in tissues from ob/ob and db/db mice. We document that T2D, both early and late onset, are characterized by reduced muscle expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism. Weighted Co-expression Networks Analysis provided support to idea that the BCAA genes are relevant in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and that mitochondrial BCAA management is impaired in skeletal muscle from T2D patients. In diabetic mice model we detected alterations in skeletal muscle proteins involved in BCAA metabolism but not in obese mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), and BCAA in plasma of T2D patients, which may result from the disruption of muscle BCAA management. Our data support the view that inhibition of genes involved in BCAA handling in skeletal muscle takes place as part of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and this occurs both in early-onset and in classical type 2 diabetes

Early-onset and classical forms of type 2 diabetes show impaired expression of genes involved in muscle branched-chain amino acids metabolism

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiological traits of type 2 diabetes are incompletely understood. Here we have performed transcriptomic analysis in skeletal muscle, and plasma metabolomics from subjects with classical and early-onset forms of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Focused studies were also performed in tissues from ob/ob and db/db mice. We document that T2D, both early and late onset, are characterized by reduced muscle expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism. Weighted Co-expression Networks Analysis provided support to idea that the BCAA genes are relevant in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and that mitochondrial BCAA management is impaired in skeletal muscle from T2D patients. In diabetic mice model we detected alterations in skeletal muscle proteins involved in BCAA metabolism but not in obese mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), and BCAA in plasma of T2D patients, which may result from the disruption of muscle BCAA management. Our data support the view that inhibition of genes involved in BCAA handling in skeletal muscle takes place as part of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and this occurs both in early-onset and in classical type 2 diabetes

Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Aims: Children with HIV exhibit chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strategies targeting persistent inflammation are needed to improve health in people living with HIV. The gut microbiota likely interacts with the immune system, but the clinical implications of modulating the dysbiosis by nutritional supplementation are unclear. Methods: Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected on ART were randomized to supplementation with a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids, or placebo four weeks, in combination with ART. We analyzed inflammatory markers and T-cell activation changes and their correlations with shifts in fecal microbiota. Results: Twenty-four HIV-infected children were recruited and randomized to receive a symbiotic nutritional supplement or placebo. Mean age was 12 ± 3.9 years, 62.5% were female. All were on ART and had HIV RNA < 50/mL. We did not detect changes in inflammatory (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity markers (IFABP, zonulin) or the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, or changes in markers of the adaptive immune response in relation to the intervention. However, we found correlations between several key bacteria and the assessed inflammatory and immunological parameters, supporting a role of the microbiota in immune modulation in children with HIV. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a four-week nutritional supplementation had no significant effects in terms of decreasing inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children. However, the correlations found support the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system

The Different Microbial Etiology of Prosthetic Joint Infections According to Route of Acquisition and Time After Prosthesis Implantation, Including the Role of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

The aim of our study was to characterize the etiology of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs)-including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)-by category of infection. A multicenter study of 2544 patients with PJIs was performed. We analyzed the causative microorganisms according to the Tsukayama's scheme (early postoperative, late chronic, and acute hematogenous infections (EPI, LCI, AHI) and "positive intraoperative cultures" (PIC)). Non-hematogenous PJIs were also evaluated according to time since surgery: 12 months. AHIs were mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (39.2%) and streptococci (30.2%). EPIs were characterized by a preponderance of virulent microorganisms (S. aureus, Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), enterococci), MDROs (24%) and polymicrobial infections (27.4%). Conversely, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Cutibacterium species were predominant in LCIs (54.5% and 6.1%, respectively) and PICs (57.1% and 15.1%). The percentage of MDROs isolated in EPIs was more than three times the percentage isolated in LCIs (7.8%) and more than twice the proportion found in AHI (10.9%). There was a significant decreasing linear trend over the four time intervals post-surgery for virulent microorganisms, MDROs, and polymicrobial infections, and a rising trend for CoNS, streptococci and Cutibacterium spp. The observed differences have important implications for the empirical antimicrobial treatment of PJIs.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number PI15/1026) (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "Investing in your future"). REIPI (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Disease) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”

La educación para la digitalización: la protección de datos de carácter personal como servicio publico de interés general en la sociedad del conocimiento

Memoria ID-051/2019. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020

Mutational screening of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients by deep targeted sequencing

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Passiflora ligularis Juss. (granadilla): estudios químicos y farmacológicos de una planta con potencial terapéutico

ilustracionesEl presente libro es fruto de la investigación interdis- ciplinaria entorno a las hojas de Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) con fines medicinales, entre los grupos de investigación Principios Bioactivos de Plantas Medicinales del Departamento de Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Estudio y Aprovechamiento de Productos Naturales Marinos y Frutas de Colombia del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y el Grupo de Investigación en Fitoquímica de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, con apoyo del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia. A lo largo de estas páginas, se resumen algunos de los resultados y avances más destacados de estos grupos de investigación en cuanto a la caracterización química de las hojas de esta especie dando énfasis a los flavonoides y saponinas, al estudio in silico, in vitro e in vivo de su actividad farmacológica, principalmente como hipoglicemiante y antinflamatorio, al desarrollo de metodologías analíticas precisas, exactas y reproducibles que permitan la completa caracterización del extracto optimizado obtenido como un ingrediente activo promisorio para el desarrollo de productos fitoterapéuticos, etapa actualmente en progreso. Se pretende que esta publicación permita la divulgación técnica y científica de los resultados de varios años de estudio con el fin de dar valor agregado a los cultivos de Passiflora ligularis, una planta de gran interés comercial debido a sus frutos y cuyas hojas en la actualidad son simplemente un subproducto de su cosecha, desconociendo el potencial terapéutico de las mismas y la posibilidad de convertirse en un materia prima para la obtención de productos fitoterapéuticos estables, seguros y eficaces. (texto tomado de la fuente)Presentación -- Capítulo 1. Estudio in silico y evaluación in vitro de la actividad inhibitoria de flavonoides y saponinas identificados en hojas de Passiflora ligularis Juss. sobre las enzimas α-amilasa y α-glucosidasa -- Capítulo 2. Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria del extracto acuoso, la fracción butanólica y compuestos identificados en las hojas de Passiflora ligularis Juss. -- Capítulo 3. Efecto del extracto acuoso de hojas de Passiflora ligularis Juss. y de sus metabolitos mayoritarios sobre la homeostasis de glucosa -- Capítulo 4. Metodologías analíticas para el estudio y cuantificación de flavonoides en extractos de hojas de Passiflora ligularis Juss. -- Capítulo 5. Estandarización del extracto de hojas de Passiflora ligularis Juss. (granadilla)Primera edició

NGS-Based Molecular Karyotyping of Multiple Myeloma: Results from the GEM12 Clinical Trial

Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is considered an incurable chronic disease, which prognosis depends on the presence of different genomic alterations. To accomplish a complete molecular diagnosis in a single essay, we have designed and validated a capture-based NGS approach to reliably identify pathogenic mutations (SNVs and indels), genomic alterations (CNVs and chromosomic translocations), and IGH rearrangements. We have observed a good correlation of the results obtained using our capture panel with data obtained by both FISH and WES techniques. In this study, the molecular classification performed using our approach was significantly associated with the stratification and outcome of MM patients. Additionally, this panel has been proven to detect specific IGH rearrangements that could be used as biomarkers in patient follow-ups through minimal residual disease (MRD) assays. In conclusion, we think that MM patients could benefit from the use of this capture-based NGS approach with a more accurate, single-essay molecular diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly improved our ability to detect the genomic aberrations occurring in multiple myeloma (MM); however, its transfer to routine clinical labs and its validation in clinical trials remains to be established. We designed a capture-based NGS targeted panel to identify, in a single assay, known genetic alterations for the prognostic stratification of MM. The NGS panel was designed for the simultaneous study of single nucleotide and copy number variations, insertions and deletions, chromosomal translocations and V(D)J rearrangements. The panel was validated using a cohort of 149 MM patients enrolled in the GEM2012MENOS65 clinical trial. The results showed great global accuracy, with positive and negative predictive values close to 90% when compared with available data from fluorescence in situ hybridization and whole-exome sequencing. While the treatments used in the clinical trial showed high efficacy, patients defined as high-risk by the panel had shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.0015). As expected, the mutational status of TP53 was significant in predicting patient outcomes (p = 0.021). The NGS panel also efficiently detected clonal IGH rearrangements in 81% of patients. In conclusion, molecular karyotyping using a targeted NGS panel can identify relevant prognostic chromosomal abnormalities and translocations for the clinical management of MM patients