Metabolomics and biochemical approaches link salicylic acid biosynthesis to cyanogenesis in peach plants

Despite the long-established importance of salicylic acid (SA) in plant stress responses and other biological processes, its biosynthetic pathways have not been fully characterized. The proposed synthesis of SA originates from chorismate by two distinct pathways: the isochorismate and phenylalanine (Phe) ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. Cyanogenesis is the process related to the release of hydrogen cyanide from endogenous cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs), and it has been linked to plant plasticity improvement. To date, however, no relationship has been suggested between the two pathways. In this work, by metabolomics and biochemical approaches (including the use of [C-13]-labeled compounds), we provide strong evidences showing that CNglcs turnover is involved, at least in part, in SA biosynthesis in peach plants under control and stress conditions. The main CNglcs in peach are prunasin and amygdalin, with mandelonitrile (MD), synthesized from phenylalanine, controlling their turnover. In peach plants MD is the intermediary molecule of the suggested new SA biosynthetic pathway and CNglcs turnover, regulating the biosynthesis of both amygdalin and SA. MD-treated peach plants displayed increased SA levels via benzoic acid (one of the SA precursors within the PAL pathway). MD also provided partial protection against Plum pox virus infection in peach seedlings. Thus, we propose a third pathway, an alternative to the PAL pathway, for SA synthesis in peach plantsThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52563-R). PDV and CP thank CSIC and UPCT, respectively, as well as the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their ‘Ramon & Cajal’ research contract, co-financed by FEDER funds. We also acknowledge Prof. Manuel Acosta Echeverría for his very useful commentaries and discussion

Variedades de durazno (Prunus persica L.) intercaladas en el sistema milpa en la sierra nevada de Puebla, México

En la Sierra Nevada de Puebla, México, los huertos de durazno (Prunus persica L.) presentan problemas de producción relacionados con alta incidencia de plagas (incluye enfermedades), nutrición deficiente e inadecuado manejo de poda, que acentúan el problema de floración precoz en la mayoría de las variedades mejoradas

Early Evaluation of Mobile Applications’ Resource Consumption and Operating Costs

The explosive growth of the mobile application market in recent years has led to a large concomitant mobile software industry whose components are, in many cases, startups and small-size software providers. The success of these applications and the firms behind them depends on a subtle balance between different dimensions mainly affected by their architectural design, such as user satisfaction, resource consumption, operating costs, and timing. The present communication describes a framework with a specific set of practices for identifying the boundaries of different architectural designs —in this article we apply it to estimate both the smartphone’s resource consumption and the operating costs in the cloud— and thus help in the architectural decision-making process. This will enable mobile software developers to predict at early stages which architectural design best suits their business model in accordance with the number of users and the expected use of the application and even provide an advance alert of when architectural choices will need to be reviewed, obviating the need for costly architectural re-design in further phasesMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-094591-B-I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PGC2018-094905-B-I00Junta de Andalucía APOLO (US-1264651)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación HORATIO (RTI2018-101204–B–C21)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RED2018-102654-TInterreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 0499-4IE-PLUS-4-EJunta de Andalucía UMA18-FEDERJA-180Junta de Extremadura GR18112Junta de Extremadura IB1803

Eco-efficiency assessment of shrimp aquaculture production in Mexico

Globally, human society faces the challenge of providing food to a growing population, at the same time that the effects of climate change and resource depletion must be addressed. Aquaculture allows to ensure a safe supply of different marine species and is a major technological and biological undertaking. Taking into account that in Sonora (Mexico), there are more than 200 aquaculture plants, the analysis of this sector implies a joint and harmonized assessment, considering not only life cycle assessment (LCA), but also data envelopment analysis (DEA). This study focuses on the application of LCA + DEA methodology to assess the ecoefficiency of 38 semi-intensive shrimp farms located in the state of Sonora. LCA results showed that feed management and electricity consumption are the main critical points in almost all the impact categories. Further improvement actions were evaluated, the replacement of wheat meal for Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles (DDGS) resulted in environmental impact reductions ranged from 2% to 57%, depending on the impact category. On the other hand, the installation of photovoltaic panels in the area was evaluated, looking for a shift towards a less carbon-intensive energy production. Overall, the implementation of these improvement measures will contribute to increased environmental protection and resource efficiencyThis research was supported by the Comité de Sanidad Acuícola del Estado de Sonora (COSAES). A. Cortés, C. Cambeses Franco, G. Feijoo and M.T. Moreira belong to CRETUS and the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC (ED431C 2017/29), co-founded by Xunta de Galicia and FEDER (EU)S

Treatment of peripheral nerves injuries. Trends in surgical treatment

Las lesiones nerviosas son habituales en cualquier medio hospitalario. La alta incidencia de estas lesiones y el elevado número de secuelas asociadas a las mismas las hace un problema de salud pública. Proporcionar un tratamiento satisfactorio con un pronóstico funcional aceptable es aún una asignatura pendiente para la medicina actual. Generalmente, los nervios periféricos se lesionan de forma aguda en el contexto de accidentes de tráfico, heridas por arma de fuego o por arma blanca, amputaciones totales o parciales de cualquier miembro o, simplemente, una herida incisa producida en un ambiente doméstico o laboral. Hoy día las opciones terapéuticas de las que dispone el cirujano para reparar este tipo de lesiones son muy limitadas con una recuperación funcional lenta y exigua en un porcentaje elevado de casos. La progresión de las ciencias médicas y biológicas ha permitido el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas y métodos de Ingeniería Tisular que proyectan avances en la terapia para este tipo de lesiones nerviosas que hasta ahora, se han asociado a una recuperación insatisfactoria, y a veces inexistente.Nerve damage is common in any hospital environment. The high incidence of these injuries and the high number of aftermath associated makes them a public health problem. To provide a successful treatment with acceptable functional prognosis is still a pending issue for modern medicine. Generally, peripheral nerves are injured acutely in the context of traffic accidents, gunshot wounds or stab, or partial amputation of any member or simply an incised wound produced at home or business. Today, the therapeutic options available to the surgeon to repair such injuries are very limited with a slow and meager functional recovery in a high percentage of cases. The progression of biological and medical sciences has enabled the development of new techniques and methods Tissue Engineering that project advances in therapy for this type of nerve damage so far, have been associated with an unsatisfactory recovery, and sometimes nonexistent

La construcción de la identidad profesional docente durante el periodo de formación inicial de los maestros: una reflexión coparticipada en la universidad

Depto. de Investigación y Psicología en EducaciónFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

PARP inhibition attenuates histopathological lesion in ischemia/reperfusion renal mouse model after cold prolonged ischemia

We test the hypothesis that PARP inhibition can decrease acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and other renal lesions related to prolonged cold ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in kidneys preserved at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Material and Methods. We used 30 male Parp1+/+ wild-type and 15 male Parp10/0 knockout C57BL/6 mice. Fifteen of these wild-type mice were pretreated with 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxyl]-1(2H)-isoquinolinone (DPQ) at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body weight, used as PARP inhibitor. Subgroups of mice were established (A: IR 45 min/6 h; B: IR + 48 h in UW solution; and C: IR + 48 h in UW solution plus DPQ). We processed samples for morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and western-blotting studies. Results. Prolonged cold ischemia time in UW solution increased PARP-1 expression and kidney injury. Preconditioning with PARP inhibitor DPQ plus DPQ supplementation in UW solution decreased PARP-1 nuclear expression in renal tubules and renal damage. Parp10/0 knockout mice were more resistant to IR-induced renal lesion. In conclusion, PARP inhibition attenuates ATN and other IR-related renal lesions in mouse kidneys under prolonged cold storage in UW solution. If confirmed, these data suggest that pharmacological manipulation of PARP activity may have salutary effects in cold-stored organs at transplantation.Funding: This research was supported by CTS no. 138 Research Group and from the Carlos III Health Institute of the Spanish Ministery of Health and Consumer Affairs (Red de Investigación Renal, REDinREN 012/0021/0025). “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”

Informe de investigación COVID19: Voces de docentes y familias

Proyecto Atlántid

Risk factors for unfavorable outcome and impact of early post-transplant infection in solid organ recipients with COVID-19: A prospective multicenter cohort study

The aim was to analyze the characteristics and predictors of unfavorable outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) with COVID-19. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 210 consecutive SOTRs hospitalized with COVID-19 in 12 Spanish centers from 21 February to 6 May 2020. Data pertaining to demographics, chronic underlying diseases, transplantation features, clinical, therapeutics, and complications were collected. The primary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with these unfavorable outcomes. Males accounted for 148 (70.5%) patients, the median age was 63 years, and 189 (90.0%) patients had pneumonia. Common symptoms were fever, cough, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dyspnea. The most used antiviral or host-targeted therapies included hydroxychloroquine 193/200 (96.5%), lopinavir/ritonavir 91/200 (45.5%), and tocilizumab 49/200 (24.5%). Thirty-seven (17.6%) patients required ICU admission, 12 (5.7%) suffered graft dysfunction, and 45 (21.4%) died. A shorter interval between transplantation and COVID-19 diagnosis had a negative impact on clinical prognosis. Four baseline features were identified as independent predictors of intensive care need or death: advanced age, high respiratory rate, lymphopenia, and elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase. In summary, this study presents comprehensive information on characteristics and complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized SOTRs and provides indicators available upon hospital admission for the identification of SOTRs at risk of critical disease or death, underlining the need for stringent preventative measures in the early post-transplant period