La Cultura Política del mexicano: un estudio sobre identidad y ciudadanía

Esta investigación surge del interés por conocer la Cultura Política de los mexicanos, aquella que surge de lo individual a lo colectivo. Como seres racionales conjeturamos una serie de pensamientos que parten de un subconsciente y que posteriormente se materializan en acciones concretas que en primer plano parecen aisladas; sin embargo, retomando la Teoría General de Sistemas (1940), podemos entender que todo es un sistema, es decir, nuestro entorno se constituye como un conjunto estructurado que se ejecuta operativamente. Por ello, la Cultura política se considera como tal, cuando se confluye una interacción entre individuos, a partir de un reconocimiento mutuo y de su entorno donde este último fungirá como agente de cambio. Así, el reconocimiento de la Cultura Política del mexicano, tiene su origen en la necesidad de explicar el impacto de la interacción sujeto-sujeto y sujeto-agente (s), para ello se plantean las siguientes interrogantes dentro de la investigación; ¿Cuál es el tipo de ciudadano que se ha construido a lo largo de la evolución histórica de México y cómo han contribuido los elementos que dotan identidad al mexicano?, finalmente, ¿Cómo interaccionan los elementos que dotan de identidad al mexicano en la configuración de una Cultura Política de apatía y desconfianza

Dinâmica de nutrientes em milho para alimentação de gado em agroecossistemas baseados na conservação de savanas neotropicais

Mineral deficiencies in soil-plant-animal relations are linked to chemical properties and reproductive problems in grazing animals. The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of K, Ca, and Mg in the green leaf biomass of two types of introduced forages, Brachiaria dyctioneura (Bd) and Centrosema macrocarpum (Cm), compared to the natural vegetation of the neotropical savannah (NS) in an agricultural ecosystem. The three types of vegetation, associated with the corn crop, served as livestock feed during the dry season. The soil’s nutrient content (0-15 cm depth), the production and nutritional dynamics of green leaf biomass, and leaf/stem relationships in the fields during the grazing period were determined. In the corn crop-livestock agroecosystem, K decreased (%) in concentration as the grazing period progressed, presenting the following trend: Bd>Cm>NS. The dynamics of Ca and Mg in green leaf biomass increased slightly (p<0.05) by the end of the grazing period for Bd and Cm, in contrast to a significant decrease in the natural vegetation of the savannah. The concentration of K in the soil did not reveal significant differences between ground cover and NS plants, and the soils under Cm evidenced the highest percentage of Ca. A higher percentage of Mg was observed in the soil planted with Cm. For the three types of vegetation, an improvement was observed in the nutritional quality of the forage and soil and in the yield (kg/ha). These findings are valuable contributions within the context of production in savannas and to forage quality for livestock.  Deficiências minerais no eixo solo-planta-animal estão relacionadas as propriedades químicas e estão ligadas a problemas reprodutivos em animais em pastejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a dinâmica de K, Ca e Mg na biomassa foliar verde de dois tipos de forrageiras introduzidas (Brachiaria dyctioneura (Bd) e Centrosema macrocarpum (Cm)) em relação à vegetação natural do cerrado (NS) em um ecossistema agrícola. Os três tipos de vegetação, associados ao cultivo do milho, serviam de ração para o gado durante a estação seca. Foram determinados o conteúdo de nutrientes no solo (0-15 cm de profundidade), a produção de biomassa de folhas verdes e sua dinâmica nutricional e as relações folha-colmo nas lavouras durante o pastejo. No agroecossistema milho-pecuária, o K apresentou redução (%) em sua concentração com o avanço do período de pastejo, apresentando a seguinte tendência: Bd> Cm> NS. A dinâmica do Ca e Mg na biomassa foliar verde aumentou ligeiramente (p <0,05) ao final do período de pastejo em Bd e Cm, contrastando com uma diminuição significativa na vegetação natural do cerrado. A concentração de K no solo não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as plantas de cobertura e o NS, sendo que os solos sob Cm apresentaram a maior porcentagem de Ca. Uma maior porcentagem de Mg foi observada no solo plantado com Cm. Nos três tipos de vegetação examinados, observou-se melhora na qualidade nutricional da forragem e solo e na produtividade (kg/ha). Essas descobertas são contribuições valiosas nos contextos de produção das savanas e na qualidade da forragem para o gado

Proceso de atención de enfermería aplicado al adulto maduro con neumonía e insuficiencia respiratoria post COVID-19

El presente proceso de atención de enfermería fue aplicado al paciente adulto RHQ, de 53 años, durante 11 días a partir de la detección del COVID-19. Objetivo: Mejorar la insuficiencia respiratoria post COVID-19. Métodos: Se empleó el marco teórico de valoración de Marjory Gordon y la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC. Asimismo, no se sometió al comité de ética del hospital. Caso clínico: El principal diagnóstico desarrollado fue patrón respiratorio ineficaz relacionado con fatiga de los músculos respiratorios evidenciado por taquipnea, frecuencia respiratoria 32x, se desarrollaron actividades para la recuperación del paciente adulto maduro con resultados desfavorables. El paciente presentó una saturación de 85 % por lo que fue trasladado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para el monitoreo y la atención de oxigenación con apoyo de Venturi al 50 % siendo la intervención primordial. Resultados: Con el primer diagnóstico enfermero patrón respiratorio ineficaz, el 80 % de objetivos planteados no se lograron y el 20 % se llegó a alcanzar parcialmente. En el segundo diagnóstico, el 90 % de objetivos se alcanzaron y el 10 % se alcanzaron parcialmente. En el tercer diagnóstico los objetivos no fueron alcanzados debido al estado del paciente por estar aún con soporte de oxígeno y deterioro de la integridad cutánea, zonas torácicas con múltiples escaras de grado III acompañado de secreciones purulentas, bordes necrosados. Conclusión: El estado de salud del paciente mejoró parcialmente

Technology implementation in delivery of healthcare to older people: how can the least voiced in society be heard?

p. 76-90Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on ethical and judicial themes related to technology and the older adults. Design/methodology/approach – Different consecutive phases in technology design and allocation will be discussed from a range of perspectives. Findings – Longevity is one of the greatest achievements of contemporary science and a result of development of social relations. Currently, various non-communicable diseases affect older adults and impose the greatest burden on global health. There is a great emphasis across Europe on caring for the older person in their own homes. Technology has a mediating role in determining the possibilities for good quality of life (QOL). The concept of assisting the older adult through the use of technology so as to access healthcare services has enormous potential. Although the potential of technology in healthcare is widely recognised, technology use can have its downsides. Professionals need to be aware of the risks, namely, those related to the privacy of the older person, which may accompany technology use. Research limitations/implications – By 2050, there will be more people aged over 65 than there are children. This phenomenon of global ageing constitutes a massive challenge in the area of health protection. Practical implications – Professionals need to be aware of the risks, for example, related to the privacy of the older person, that may accompany technology use. Social implications – There is a great emphasis across Europe on caring for the older person in their own homes. Technology has a mediating role in determining the possibilities for QOL. Originality/value – The concept of assisting the older adult through the use of technology to avail of healthcare has enormous potential. Assistive technology, social media use and augmentative and alternative communication can have a positive effect on the QOL of older people, as long as they are supported enough in use of these technologies. However, ethical and juridical considerations are at stake as well.S

In Utero p,p′-DDE Exposure and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Perinatal Cohort in Mexico

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) affects neurodevelopment in infants, although a critical exposure window has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess the prenatal DDE exposure window and its effect on the psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) during the first year of life. METHODS: We recruited 244 children whose pregnancies and deliveries were uncomplicated, and whose mothers were monitored throughout the pregnancy. Participating mothers were not occupationally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) but were residents of a zone in Mexico with endemic malaria. We measured serum levels of DDE before pregnancy and during each trimester of the pregnancy. We evaluated PDI and MDI of the Bayley Scales for Infant Development (BSID-II), at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. We adjusted for quality of the home environment and maternal intellectual coefficient (IQ). We used generalized mixed-effects models for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Third-trimester DDE level (7.8 ± 2.8 ppb) was significantly higher than the level at baseline, first, and second trimesters, but the differences never exceeded 20%. Only DDE levels during the first trimester of pregnancy were associated with a significant reduction in PDI (every doubled increase of DDE level reduced the PDI 0.5 points). DDE was not associated with MDI. CONCLUSIONS: A critical window of exposure to DDE in utero may be the first trimester of the pregnancy, and psychomotor development is a target of this compound. Residues of DDT metabolites may present a risk of developmental delay for years after termination of DDT use

Programa educativo para ampliar información sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes femeninas

A pre-experimental intervention study was conducted in a group of female adolescents from the Medical Office 89-3, located in Virginia People's Council, belonging to the Martha Abreu de Estevez University Polyclinic in the Municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, during the period from January 2010 to January 2012 with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of an educational program to increase the level of information on sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. From a population of 96 female adolescents, 40 subjects aged between 12 and 19 years were selected by non-probability simple random sampling, with informed consent. The program was conducted in three stages: presentation and creation of favorable atmosphere for the study, identification of the information needs and assessment stage of the intervention. Adolescents expressed the need of emotional support and information regarding sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The intervention program was implemented. It proved to be satisfactory to train adolescents, who obtained a higher level of information and increased their perception of risk about sexually transmitted infections, as well as on quality of life. A safe and responsible sexuality was achieved in the study group.  Se realizó un estudio de intervención pre-experimental con el objetivo de valorar la efectividad de un programa educativo para ampliar el nivel de información sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, causante del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida en un grupo de adolescentes femeninas del Consultorio Médico 89-3, ubicado en el Consejo Popular Virginia, perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario “Martha Abreu de Estévez”, Municipio de Santa Clara, Provincia de Villa Clara, en el período comprendido de enero de 2010 a enero de 2012. De una población de 96 adolescentes fueron seleccionadas, por el muestreo no probabilístico aleatorio simple, 40 féminas con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años, previo consentimiento informado. El programa se realizó en tres etapas: presentación y creación del clima favorable al estudio, identificación de las necesidades de información y etapa de valoración de la intervención. Las adolescentes expresaron necesidades de apoyo emocional e información con relación a las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, causante del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Se ejecutó el programa de intervención, que resultó ser satisfactorio para capacitar a las adolescentes, que obtuvieron un mayor nivel de información y elevaron la percepción del riesgo sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual, así como sobre la calidad de vida; se logró una sexualidad segura y responsable en el grupo en estudio

Lectura y escritura a través de la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en las TIC

Literacy processes are fundamental in teaching from elementary school to the development of knowledge areas. The purpose of the study was to strengthen the reading and writing processes through research as a pedagogical strategy supported by ICT. A qualitative study was carried out, with an action research model, from a descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional design. The population was conformed by forty (40) students of the IED Rafael Núñez of the municipality of Algarrobo, Magdalena. Using as collection techniques, participant observation and field diary. There was an increase in students' interest in reading and writing when implementing the use of ICT as a stimulus in their communication and oral skills. Significant advances were observed with the implementation of these pedagogical strategies that impact the teaching-learning process in a positive way.Los procesos de lectura y escritura son fundamentales en la enseñanza desde la básica primaria para el desarrollo de todas las áreas del conocimiento, por esto las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por los docentes para la enseñanza de estos procesos toma un papel determinante. El estudio tuvo como propósito fortalecer los procesos de lectura y escritura a través de la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en las TIC. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo, con un modelo de investigación acción, desde un diseño descriptivo, exploratorio, de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por cuarenta (40) estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 14 años, pertenecientes a la IED Rafael Núñez del municipio de Algarrobo, Magdalena. Utilizando como técnicas de recolección de datos la observación participante y el diario de campo. Se evidencio un aumento en el interés de los estudiantes por la lectura y escritura al implementar el uso de las TIC como estímulo en sus habilidades comunicativas y orales. Se observaron avances significativos con la implementación de estas nuevas estrategias pedagógicas que impactan el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en forma positiva

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease