Impact of the Paris Agreement on the petroleum industry : master's thesis

Industrijskim razvojem te sve većom potrošnjom energije i intenzivnom upotrebom fosilnih goriva u proizvodnji primarne energije, tijekom posljednjih 250 godina došlo je do značajnog povećanja antropogenih emisija stakleničkih plinova te posljedično globalnog povećanja temperature. Globalno povećanje temperature u nižim slojevima atmosfere, uz brojne posljedice koje uzrokuje (topljenje područja vječnog leda, povećanje razine mora, pojava orkanskih nevremena, poplave, suše i dr.) vrlo se često naziva globalnim klimatskim promjenama. Sve izražajnije posljedice globalnih klimatskih promjena u posljednjih 50-tak godina potaknule su međunarodnu javnost na poduzimanje brojnih aktivnosti s ciljem zaustavljanja globalnog porasta temperature tj. sprečavanja i/ili smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova. U ovom diplomskom radu je obrađena problematika emisija stakleničkih plinova, klimatskih promjena i međunarodnih aktivnosti, koje su poduzete s ciljem zaustavljanja klimatskih promjena s posebnim osvrtom na Pariški sporazum o klimatskim promjenama i njegov utjecaj na naftnu industriju.The industrial development during the last 250 years, with an energy consumption based on the intensive fossil fuel use in primary energy production, has led to a significant increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This resulted in global temperature increase in lower layers of the atmosphere. The global warming with its numerous consequences (glacier melting, sea level rise, severe weather conditions, floods, droughts etc.) is commonly known as the global climate change. The international public awareness of the problem of global warming and its consequences has increased during the last 50 years and a number of international actions were taken with the purpose of controlling the increase of the global temperature and greenhouse gas emissions. In this thesis the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and the description of international climate-controlling activities are presented. A particular overview of the Paris Agreement and its impact on the oil and gas industry is given

Foreign bank entry in South Eastern Europe

Ausländische Direktinvestitionen haben seit den frühen 1990er Jahren in schnellem Tempo zugenommen, während das Augenmerk der ausländischen Investoren in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere im Bankensektor lag. Diese Arbeit wirft einen Blick auf dieses Thema aus einem kurzen theoretischen und einem praktischen Gesichtspunkt. Auf der einen Seite werden die Internationalisierung und die multinationale Bank sowie verschiedene Theorien über den Prozess von deren Entstehung in der Theorie vorgestellt, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf Dunning’s OLI Rahmenwerk gelegt wurde. Auf der anderen Seite, werden Eintrittsformen in unterschiedliche Märkte beschrieben und die Motive der Investoren in bestimmte Märkte, vor allem Südosteuropa, einzutreten. Insbesondere ist, in den vergangenen zehn Jahren, der Bankensektor in Südosteuropa Ziel dieser ausländischen Direktinvestitionen gewesen und wird daher diskutiert und in diesem Zusammenhang besonders das Land Bosnien und Herzegowina beleuchtet. Schließlich wird der Fall der Raiffeisen Bank International AG als Beispiel einer erfolgreichen Bankenexpansion in Südosteuropa präsentiert.Foreign direct investment (FDI) has at a fast pace increased since the early 1990s whereas foreign investors especially eyed the banking sector. This thesis takes a look at this subject from a briefly theoretical and practical point of view. On the one hand, internationalization and the multinational bank as well as different theories about its process of emergence are presented in theory whereas special emphasis has been given to Dunning’s OLI framework. On the other hand, forms of entry into different markets are shown and the motives of investors to enter certain markets especially South Eastern Europe are touched. The banking sector in South Eastern Europe that has particularly been destination of FDI in the past decade is presented and special emphasis is put on Bosnia and Herzegovina in this context. Finally the case of Raiffeisen Bank International AG is taken as an example of a successful bank expansion throughout South Eastern Europe

Impact of the Paris Agreement on the petroleum industry : master's thesis

Industrijskim razvojem te sve većom potrošnjom energije i intenzivnom upotrebom fosilnih goriva u proizvodnji primarne energije, tijekom posljednjih 250 godina došlo je do značajnog povećanja antropogenih emisija stakleničkih plinova te posljedično globalnog povećanja temperature. Globalno povećanje temperature u nižim slojevima atmosfere, uz brojne posljedice koje uzrokuje (topljenje područja vječnog leda, povećanje razine mora, pojava orkanskih nevremena, poplave, suše i dr.) vrlo se često naziva globalnim klimatskim promjenama. Sve izražajnije posljedice globalnih klimatskih promjena u posljednjih 50-tak godina potaknule su međunarodnu javnost na poduzimanje brojnih aktivnosti s ciljem zaustavljanja globalnog porasta temperature tj. sprečavanja i/ili smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova. U ovom diplomskom radu je obrađena problematika emisija stakleničkih plinova, klimatskih promjena i međunarodnih aktivnosti, koje su poduzete s ciljem zaustavljanja klimatskih promjena s posebnim osvrtom na Pariški sporazum o klimatskim promjenama i njegov utjecaj na naftnu industriju.The industrial development during the last 250 years, with an energy consumption based on the intensive fossil fuel use in primary energy production, has led to a significant increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This resulted in global temperature increase in lower layers of the atmosphere. The global warming with its numerous consequences (glacier melting, sea level rise, severe weather conditions, floods, droughts etc.) is commonly known as the global climate change. The international public awareness of the problem of global warming and its consequences has increased during the last 50 years and a number of international actions were taken with the purpose of controlling the increase of the global temperature and greenhouse gas emissions. In this thesis the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and the description of international climate-controlling activities are presented. A particular overview of the Paris Agreement and its impact on the oil and gas industry is given

Gestão de Recursos Finitos em Empresas

The present work has as goal aiding decision makers, researchers, enterprises and practitioners by developing a proper literature review as a base for comparison among multiple-criteria decision making methods in finite resources management according to each of the most important areas of a business environment. Efficient resource management decision making in companies impacts its value creation capability and, therefore, its competitiveness and ultimate success. The methodology for paper research follows the PRISMA flow diagram, for correct paper filtrations according to the set of criteria stablished in alignment with the thesis goal. The papers included in the study are any that employ multiple-criteria decision making methods in their pure forms, in combination with each other forming hybrids, or in combination with other mathematical techniques for solving decision making problems across five major areas of a company’s body. The five major areas are: (1) Supply Chain Management and Logistics; (2) Environmental Management; (3) Business and Marketing Management; (4) Design, Engineering and Manufacturing Systems; and (5) Human Resources Management. The 204 final papers are presented separated by their corresponding application areas, ordered by number of citations, which is used as a measure of their scientific community relevance. They are also classified by, author, nationality, journal, year, type of research and methods used. All collected data is used for quantitative statistical analysis, with which is possible to collect more in-depth information on the literature research. Focused comments on the main methods are also present in this work, with observations made on the many applications and variations each of them had throughout the articles in the research. The AHP and TOPSIS approaches, either with their fuzzy set variations are by far the most popular methods in the referred applications. However, besides them other 51 MCDM or other mathematical techniques are employed in many different combinations and approaches, bringing a very interesting diversity to the study that is very useful for it to be used as a base for comparison among methods. A total number of 111 journals and authors and co-authors of 41 nationalities are involved in the publications between 2012 and 2018, with more than half of papers coming from either India, Turkey or Iran. Many other results are obtained, bringing the readers different perspectives on the subject. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge with a great and insightful overview on MCDM methods application in aiding in challenges part of a business environment, so that companies can better manage their resources and be more prosperous. It is a vast database that allows many comparisons and evaluations, offering more analysis than the standard literature review articles.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo auxiliar os tomadores de decisão, pesquisadores e profissionais, ao desenvolver uma revisão bibliográfica adequada como base para comparação entre os métodos de decisão multicritério na gestão de recursos finitos de acordo com cada uma das áreas mais importantes de um ambiente de negócios. A tomada eficiente de decisões de gestão de recursos nas empresas afeta sua capacidade de criação de valor e, portanto, sua competitividade e sucesso finais. A metodologia da investigação baseou-se na metodologia PRISMA, para a correta filtração das publicações de acordo com o conjunto de critérios estabelecidos, em alinhamento com o objetivo da tese. Os artigos incluídos no estudo são aqueles que apresentam métodos de decisão com critérios múltiplos em suas formas puras, em combinação uns com os outros ao formar híbridos, ou com outras técnicas matemáticas para resolver problemas em cinco áreas principais das empresas. As cinco áreas são: (1) Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos e Logística; (2) Gestão Ambiental; (3) Gestão de Negócios e Marketing; (4) Sistemas de Projeto, Engenharia e Manufatura; e (5) Gestão de Recursos Humanos. Os 204 artigos finais são apresentados de acordo com as áreas de aplicação correspondentes, ordenadas por número de citações, que são usadas como uma medida de sua relevância na comunidade científica. Eles são, ainda, classificados por autor, nacionalidade, revista, ano, tipo de pesquisa e métodos utilizados. Todos os dados coletados são utilizados para análise estatística quantitativa, com a qual é possível recolher informações mais aprofundadas sobre a pesquisa bibliográfica. São realizados comentários sobre os principais métodos e as maneiras que foram apresentados ao longo do estudo de todos os artigos durante a pesquisa. As abordagens AHP e TOPSIS, com suas variações em conjuntos difusos ou fuzzy, são de longe os métodos mais populares nas aplicações referidas. No entanto, além destes, outros 51 MCDM e outras técnicas são utilizadas em muitas combinações e abordagens, trazendo uma diversidade muito interessante para o estudo, servindo de base para comparação dos métodos. Um total de 111 revistas e autores e coautores de 41 nacionalidades estão envolvidos nas publicações entre 2012 e 2018, com mais de metade dos artigos provenientes da Índia, Turquia ou Irão. Estes e outros resultados levam aos leitores diferentes perspectivas sobre o assunto. Este documento contribui para o estado da arte, com um conhecimento geral excelente e perspicaz sobre a aplicação de métodos MCDM para ajudar nos desafios de um ambiente de negócios, para que as empresas possam melhor gerenciar seus recursos e serem mais prósperas. É um vasto banco de dados que permite muitas comparações e avaliações, oferecendo mais análises do que os artigos de revisão de literatura padrão

Processo de seleção tipográfica: os critérios técnicos

O artigo discute os critérios técnicos que norteiam o processo de seleção tipográfica para peças de comunicação visual. Completude, meios e aplicações formam as três principais orientações que devem ser observadas no ato da seleção, no que diz respeito aos aspectos técnicos. Neste âmbito explanam-se tais orientações, definindo-os e exemplificando-os, de modo a nortear o processo enfrentado por designers de comunicação visual. Conclui-se da necessidade de articulação dos critérios técnicos de seleção com outros dois critérios, visuais e conceituais, como formas objetivas de tratar o uso tipográfico na comunicação visual, bem como da necessidade de parâmetros objetivos para este fazer

Evaluation of MEMS Structures with Directional Characteristics Based on FRAT and Lifting Wavelet

Steps and grooves, which have typical directional characteristic, are two main functional structures of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems). This paper proposes a method for analysis and evaluation of MEMS steps and grooves based on finite radon transform (FRAT) and lifting wavelet. The method consists of three steps. Firstly, FRAT is adopted to detect the directional characteristic of a MEMS structure. Secondly, on the basis of the directional characteristic obtained, the profiles of the MEMS structure are analyzed by lifting wavelet. Finally, Histogram-fitting is employed for areal evaluation of a MEMS structure. Simulated and experimental results show that MEMS structures with directional characteristic can be extracted and evaluated by the method effectively

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DENGAN METODA LAPISAN MULTI MEDIA (LMM) YANG DICAMPUR JERAMI PADI

ABSTRAK Lapisan Multi Media (LMM) merupakan suatu metoda pengolahan limbah cair dengan menggunakan tanah, zeolite dan arang. Sistem LMM terbuat dari box Akrilik (50x15x50)cm berisikan campuran tanah vulkanik, arang, jerami padi dan serbuk besi (7,5 :1 :1 : 0,5) yang dibuat seperti blok batu bata dan untuk lapisan permeable layers (PL) digunakan zeolit 3-5 mm. Sampel diambil dari limbah cair industri tahu yang berada di Kota Payakumbuh, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh variasi laju alir 15,30,60,120 dan 240 mL/menit (aerasi dan non aerasi), sehingga diperoleh efisiensi laju alir 15 mL/menit yang paling baik dalam menurunkan nilai TSS, BOD, COD, Nitrat, dan pospat berturut-turut sebesar 99,47%; 94,65%; 99,41%; 100%; 100% dan pH meningkat dari 4,18 menjadi 6,79 pada kondisi aerasi. Sementara untuk kondisi nonaerasi 96,69%; 35,70%; 57,97%; 100%; 100% dan pH meningkat dari 4,18 menjadi 4,62. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metoda LMM dapat digunakan untuk mengolah limbah cair industri tahu. Kata kunci: Lapisan Multi Media, Limbah cair industri tahu, zeolite, jerami pad

Conquista normanda e influências da europa continental na formação do processo penal inglês : por um direito probatório independente do discurso dicotômico acerca de sistemas processuais penais

Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Gualberto Garcez RamosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Defesa : Curitiba, 02/08/2021Inclui referências: p. 118-133Resumo: O presente trabalho tem a pretensão de analisar os impactos gerados pela dicotomia entre sistemas processuais penais nos debates doutrinários acerca do processo penal, especificamente em tema de direito probatório, e como isso afeta as reformas legislativas. Para tal, de início é feita uma análise da relação da sociedade medieval com o direito, a fim de entender o papel deste como instrumento unificador e ordenador, e os usos pela Igreja Católica e demais instâncias de poder. Em seguida, é abordado em paralelo o desenvolvimento dos formatos de persecução criminal na Europa continental e na Inglaterra após o século XI, demonstrando que, além da origem comum de ambos, houve uma forte influência recíproca, impedindo afirmações quanto a um sistema processual puro. Na segunda parte, após demonstrar o discurso dicotômico na doutrina brasileira, será visto que o tema central do debate em direito probatório é o papel exercido pela verdade nos ditos sistemas processuais. Por fim, é proposta uma concepção de verdade baseada na Teoria Discursiva de Jürgen Habermas, que permite a justificação de enunciados no processo penal, aproximando-se da visão de Michele Taruffo.Abstract: The present work intends to analyze the impacts generated by the dichotomy between criminal procedural systems in the doctrinal debates about the criminal process, specifically in the subject of evidential law, and how this affects the legislative reforms. To this end, an analysis of the relationship between medieval society and law is made initially, in order to understand its role as a unifying and ordering instrument, and its uses by the Catholic Church and other instances of power. Then, the development of criminal prosecution formats in continental Europe and England after the eleventh century is discussed in parallel, demonstrating that in addition to the common origin of both, there was a strong reciprocal influence, preventing claims about a pure procedural system. In the second part, after demonstrating the dichotomous discourse in Brazilian doctrine, it will be seen that the central theme of the debate on evidential law is the role played by truth in these procedural systems. Finally, a conception of truth based on Jürgen Habermas's Discursive Theory is proposed, which allows the justification of statements in criminal proceedings, approaching Michele Taruffo's vision

IMPLEMENTASI JSON SEBAGAI METODE PARSE PADA APLIKASI ANDROID (STUDI KASUS : TOKO RETROFIT)

Sistem operasi Android saat ini merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak sistem operasi pada smartphone yang sedang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Toko Retrofit bergerak di bidang pemasaran lampu motor atau mobil variasi membutuhkan media marketing yang dapat diakses secara online yaitu melalui smartphone. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana membuat aplikasi mobile ecommerce pada smartphone Android, dengan cara mengambil data yang berasal dari database, dan kemudian ditampilkan ke dalam sebuah aplikasi, menggunakan metode GET HTTP dan JSON sebagai metode Parsing. Pembuatan aplikasi menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java, dengan bantuan tools Android Studio dan MySQL untuk database server. JSON Kata Kunci: Mobile e-commerce, JSON Parsing