TINJAUAN NORMATIF TERHADAP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

ABSTRAK1.   Hendrawan[1]2. H. Suratman[2] 3.  Hisbul Luthfi Ashsyarofi[3]Permasalahan Tinjauan Normatif Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Perlindungan Konsumen. Pilihan Tema Tersebut Dilatarbelakangi Dengan Adanya Masalah Mengenai Unsur Kesalahan Pada Korporasi Sebagai Subjek Hukum, Sebenarnya Terhadap Korporasi Sebagai Subjek Hukum Juga Muncul Permasalahan Dalam Hal Menentukan Siapa Pembuatnya, Karena Bahwa Untuk Adanya Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Maka Harus Jelas Terlebih Dahulu Siapa Yang Dapat Dipertanggungjawabkan. Dalam Hal Ini Maka Perlu Ditentukan Terlebih Dahulu Siapa Pembuat Tindak Pidana Tersebut. Menentukan Pembuat Dalam Suatu Tindak Pidana Tidaklah Semudah Itu. Apalagi Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Korporasi.Berdasarkan Latar Belakang Tersebut, Karya Tulis Ini Mengangkat Rumusan Masalah Sebagai Berikut: 1. Bagaimana Pengaturan Korporasi Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana Dalam Tindak Pidana Pelindungan Konsumen? 2. Bagaimana Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Perlindungan Konsumen?Penelitian Ini Merupakan Jenis Penelitian Yuridis Normatif, Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan, Dan Pendekatan Konseptual. Sumber Bahan Hukum Yakni, Bahan Hukum Primer, Bahan Hukum Sekunder, Dan Bahan Hukum Tersier. Selanjutnya Dilakukan Analisis Bahan Hukum Melakukan Sistematisasi Dan Analisis Bahan Hukum, Dengan Langkah Melakukan Kajian Yang Berkaitan Dengan Teori Dan Topik Penelitian. Dalam Pencarian Teori, Peneliti Akan Mengumpulkan Informasi Sebanyak-Banyaknya Dari Kepustakaan Yang Berhubungan Agar Dapat Menjawab Isu Hukum Yang Menjadi Pokok Pembahasan Dalam Penelitian Ini, Dan Akhirnya Ditarik Kesimpulan.Hasil Penelitian Ini Menunjukan Bahwa Pengaturan Korporasi Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana Dalam Tindak Pidana Pelindungan Terdapat Ketentuan Umum Pasal 1 Angka 3 UU Perlindungan Konsumen, Sehingga Dapat Diketahui Bahwa Korporasi Dianggap Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana Yang Disebut Sebagai Pelaku Usaha. Dalam UU Perilundungan Konsumen, Kebijakan Formulasi Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Dalam Hal Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Korporasi Menjadi Peraturan Yang Lex Spesialis Yang Harus Di Taati Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Setiap Konsumen Akibat Dari Ulah Ketidak Patutat Pelaku Usaha (Produsen) Dalam Mentaati Peraturan. Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Perlindungan Konsumen Terdapat Dalam Ketentuan Pasal 60, Pasal 62, Dan Pasal 63  UU Perlindungan Konsumen, DenganFormulisasi Kebijakan Pertanggungjawaban Dengan Menggunakan DoktrinPertanggungjawaban Pengganti (Vicarious Liability). Penerapan Ajaran Pertanggungjawaban Vicarious Liability Merupakan Solusi Terhadap Ketidakpuasan Penerapan Ajaran Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak Untuk Melakukan Suatu Perbuatan Yang Ternyata Merupakan Tindak Pidana (Crime) Sebagai Actus Reus Dan Mens Rea Dari Korporasi.[1] Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang.[2] Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang.[3] Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang.SUMMARY1.    Hendrawan[1]2. H. Suratman[2] 3.  Hisbul Luthfi Ashsyarofi[3]In this thesis, the author raises the issue of a normative review of corporate criminal liability in consumer protection crimes. The choice of the theme is motivated by the problem of the element of error in the corporation as a legal subject, in fact against the corporation as a legal subject there is also a problem in determining who the maker is, because for criminal liability, it must be clear first who can be accounted for. In this case, it is necessary to determine in advance who made the crime. Determining the maker of a crime is not that easy.Moreover, criminal acts committed by corporations.The formulation of the problem as follows: How is the Regulation of Corporations as Subjects of Criminal Law in Consumer Protection Crimes and What is the Form of Corporate Criminal Liability in Consumer Protection Crimes.This research is a type of normative juridical research, using a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials, namely, primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Furthermore, the analysis of legal materials is carried out by systematizing and analyzing legal materials, with the step of conducting studies related to theories and research topics. In the search for theory, the researcher will collect as much information as possible from the relevant literature in order to be able to answer the legal issues that are the subject of discussion in this study, and finally draw conclusions.The results of this study indicate that the regulation of Corporations as Subjects of Criminal Law in Protected Crimes contains General Provisions Article 1 Number 3 of the Consumer Protection Law, so that it can be seen that corporations entities are considered as subjects of criminal law which are referred to as Business Actor. In the Consumer Protection Law, the formulation policy of criminal offenses in terms of criminal acts committed by corporations is a lex specialist regulation that must be obeyed in providing legal protection to every consumer as a result of the inappropriate behavior of business actors (producers) in complying with the regulations.The form of Corporate Criminal Liability in Consumer Protection Crimes is contained in the provisions of Article 60, Article 62, and Article 63 of the Consumer Protection Law, with the formulation of a liability policy using the doctrine of vicarious liability. The application of the doctrine of vicarious liability is a solution to dissatisfaction with the application of the doctrine of absolute responsibility to commit an act which turns out to be a crime (crime) as actus reus and mens rea from the corporation. Keywords: Criminal Liability, Corporations, Consumer Protection.[1] Students of the Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Malang.[2] Lecturer of the Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Malang.[3] Lecturer of the Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Malang

Accessibility Degradation Prediction on LTE/SAE Network Using Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) Model

In this paper, an algorithm for predicting accessibility performance on an LTE/SAE network based on relevant historical key performance indicator (KPI) data is proposed. Since there are three KPIs related to accessibility, each representing different segments, a method to map these three KPI values onto the status of accessibility performance is proposed. The network conditions are categorized as high, acceptable or low for each time interval of observation. The first state shows that the system is running optimally, while the second state shows that the system has deteriorated and needs full attention, and the third state indicates that the system has gone into degraded conditions that cannot be tolerated. After the state sequence has been obtained, a transition probability matrix can be derived, which can be used to predict future conditions using a DTMC model. The results obtained are system predictions in terms of probability values for each state for a specific future time. These prediction values are required for proactive health monitoring and fault management. Accessibility degradation prediction is then conducted by using measurement data derived from an eNodeB in the LTE network for a period of one month

The Utilization of Waste Shallot Skin (Allium Cepa L) as Natural Dyeing Material for Textile Product

Previous studies on the onion skin as a natural dye by Made Diah Angendari showing the colour of each mordant used a Jumputan and suggested using a different concentration of mordant in the next research. Based on it, interviews were conducted to three different speakers: KLP Nusantara, Mrs Kuswati, and Dapur Alifa. According to the interviewers, all can produce ±64 kg of onion skin per month and most of the onion skin were thrown or burned. Based on it, a research was done by using a variation of colouring matter, mordant measurement, dyeing technique, dyeing duration, and technique of textile to use plenty onion skin and develop technique on the natural dye of onion skin. To obtain the required data, the student collects the data with experimental methods, such as by observation, interview, literature study, and experimentation. The results of the elected experiment show that the used of iron post-mordanting and an hour cold dyeing technique have a good result based on the endurance of wear-off in Balai Besar Tekstil Bandung and it was applied to a textile product in the form of long cloth with different measurement. Keywords Shallot skin, natural dye, textile product

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BIJI KECUBUNG (DATURA METEL L.) TERHADAP TINGKAT KELULUSHIDUPAN BENIH IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (LATES CALCALIFER) SISTEM TRANSPORTASI MEDIA KERING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak biji kecubung (Datura metel L.) terhadap tingkat kelulushidupan benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcalifer) pada sistem transportasi media kering. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2015 di Kabupaten Aceh Utara dan Laboratorium Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan taraf lima perlakuan konsentrasi (0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8% dan 1%) dan empat kali ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan organisme uji benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcalifer) dengan panjang 7-9 cm. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji kecubung (Datura metel L.) berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelulushidupan benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcalifer). Hasil uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan. Konsentrasi ekstrak biji kecubung (Datuta metel L.) 0,8% adalah konsentrasi optimum dengan nilai kelululushidupan benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcalifer) 85%.Kata kunci: Datura metel L., Lates calcalifer, pembiusan, Transportasi kering, Kelulushidupan

KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL, PELAYANAN TERPADU SATU PINTU, KOPERASI USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH KABUPATEN MAMUJU TENGAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Pada Dinas Penanaman Modal, Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu, Koperasi Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kualitatif yang berarti bahwa penelitian dilakukan untuk memahami fenomena yang dialami subjek penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di Dinas Penanaman Modal, Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu, Koperasi Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. Informan penelitian adalah kepala dinas penanaman modal, sekretaris dinas, pegawai PNS dan kontrak dan masyarakat kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan publik yang ada di Dinas Penanaman Modal, Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu, Koperasi Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah belum maksimal dan butuh perbaikan, diliahat dari berbagai kekurangan indikator dinataranya ; tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance,dan empathy. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlu di terapkan palayanan berbasis online agar dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam menrima layanan dan perlu penambahan personil(SDM) serta penambahan sarana dan prasaran

KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

Numerical ability is also the ability to use various kinds of numbers and symbols related to basic mathematics to solve everyday life problems, the ability to analyze information that is displayed in various forms (graphs, tables, charts, etc.). Unfortunately, reality shows that students' numeracy skills are not maximized. Based on the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Indonesia, mathematics scores are below average. According to Kompas.com, the average PISA score of OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) members has continued to decline over the last three years. Indonesia is ranked 74th out of 79 countries, while for the assessment of mathematical ability and scientific ability, Indonesia is ranked 73rd and 71st of the 79 participating countries. It was also found that the gender gap in performance inequality in learning performance between women and men is not large. Female students outperformed male students in all areas of PISA. This research is a descriptive research. To find out students' numeracy skills by using AKM questions. The research subjects were students at SDN Talabiu upper class (grade 4,5,6) as many as 36 people. Based on the research that has been done, based on the percentage of the results of the problem solving which is then adjusted to the category, the numeracy ability of female students is in the high category of 18%, while male students are 12.5%. This shows that the numeracy skills of female students are better than male students

KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

Numerical ability is also the ability to use various kinds of numbers and symbols related to basic mathematics to solve everyday life problems, the ability to analyze information that is displayed in various forms (graphs, tables, charts, etc.). Unfortunately, reality shows that students' numeracy skills are not maximized. Based on the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Indonesia, mathematics scores are below average. According to Kompas.com, the average PISA score of OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) members has continued to decline over the last three years. Indonesia is ranked 74th out of 79 countries, while for the assessment of mathematical ability and scientific ability, Indonesia is ranked 73rd and 71st of the 79 participating countries. It was also found that the gender gap in performance inequality in learning performance between women and men is not large. Female students outperformed male students in all areas of PISA. This research is a descriptive research. To find out students' numeracy skills by using AKM questions. The research subjects were students at SDN Talabiu upper class (grade 4,5,6) as many as 36 people. Based on the research that has been done, based on the percentage of the results of the problem solving which is then adjusted to the category, the numeracy ability of female students is in the high category of 18%, while male students are 12.5%. This shows that the numeracy skills of female students are better than male students

Joint Routing and Congestion Control in Multipath Channel based on Signal to Noise Ratio with Cross Layer Scheme

Routing protocol and congestion control in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) have important roles in wireless mobile network performance. In wireless communication, the stability of the path and successful data transmission will be influenced by the channel condition. This channel condition constraints come from path loss and the multipath channel fading. With these constraints, the algorithm in the routing protocol and congestion control is confronted with the uncertainty of connection quality and probability of successful packet transmission, respectively. It is important to investigate the reliability and robustness of routing protocol and congestion control algorithms in dealing with such situation.  In this paper, we develop a detailed approach and analytical throughput performance with a cross layer scheme (CLS) between routing and congestion control mechanism based on signal to noise ratio (SNR) in Rician and Rayleigh as multipath fading channel. We proposed joint routing and congestion control TCP with a cross layer scheme model based on SNR (RTCP-SNR). We compare the performance of RTCP-SNR with conventional routing-TCP and routing-TCP that used CLS with routing aware (RTCP-RA) model. The analyses and the simulation results showed that RTCP-SNR in a multipath channel outperforms conventional routing-TCP and RTCP-RA

EQUIPMENT OF FACILITIES AND INFRASTUCTURE IN AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOPS ACCORDING TO STUDENT PERCEPTIONS

This study aims to determine how big the level of feasibility of suggestions in practical workshops. In addition, it is also to find out how big the level of infrastructure feasibility is in the practical workshop. The type of method used in this research is to use descriptive research which in its approach is carried out with a data collection process through observation (data observation), documentation, and interviews with workshop techniques, lecturers who teach in the automotive field as a valid data source. Based on the results of the research on the feasibility of facilities and infrastructure at the automotive workshop according to students' perceptions that the results of the reliability/constraint aspect are 80% in the very feasible category for the lowest feasibility achievement results are accessibility, which is 28% in the quite feasible category and 50% assurance/assurance in the category quite decent. Meanwhile, for the other results, 71% of facilities and media are in the appropriate category and empathy is 100 feasible