27 research outputs found
Water mass age and ageing driving chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the dark global ocean
Research articleThe omnipresence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the open ocean
enables its use as a tracer for biochemical processes throughout the global overturning circulation. We
made an inventory of CDOM optical properties, ideal water age (τ), and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)
along the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean waters sampled during the Malaspina 2010 expedition. A water
mass analysis was applied to obtain intrinsic, hereinafter archetypal, values of τ, AOU, oxygen utilization rate
(OUR), and CDOM absorption coefficients, spectral slopes and quantum yield for each one of the 22 water
types intercepted during this circumnavigation. Archetypal values of AOU and OUR have been used to trace
the differential influence of water mass aging and aging rates, respectively, on CDOM variables. Whereas the
absorption coefficient at 325nm (a325) and the fluorescence quantum yield at 340nm (Φ340) increased, the
spectral slope over the wavelength range 275–295nm (S275–295) and the ratio of spectral slopes over the
ranges 275–295nm and 350–400nm (SR) decreased significantly with water mass aging (AOU). Combination
of the slope of the linear regression between archetypal AOU and a325 with the estimated global OUR
allowed us to obtain a CDOM turnover time of 634 ± 120 years, which exceeds the flushing time of the
dark ocean (>200 m) by 46%. This positive relationship supports the assumption of in situ production and
accumulation of CDOM as a by-product of microbial metabolism as water masses turn older. Furthermore,
our data evidence that global-scale CDOM quantity (a325) is more dependent on aging (AOU), whereas CDOM
quality (S275–295, SR, Φ340) is more dependent on aging rate (OUR).Versión del editor4,785
Busting the myth of low-skilled workers – destabilizing EU LLL policies through the life stories of Danes in low-skilled jobs
Combating low completion rates in Nordic welfare states: policy design in Norway and Sweden
Sulfate Reduction in Sediments Produces High Levels of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter
Cognitive Foundation Skills Following Vocational versus General Upper Secondary Education : A Long Term Perspective
The present study aims at investigating the long-term cognitive effects of vocational education (VET) in Sweden and Denmark, using data from the PIAAC Survey of Adult Skills. While Sweden has moved towards a more academic vocational education, Denmark has kept the apprenticeship system. Using multiple regression analysis we estimate the contribution of VET versus general upper secondary education to the proficiency in literacy. The results show a higher literacy performance in those Swedish age groups in more academic VET programs compared to the older Swedish age groups and to all the Danish age groups. A reasonable interpretation is that the amount of cognitively challenging subjects at the upper-secondary level gives a lasting imprint on literacy proficiency later in life.