The role of bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant sulfur supply

peer-reviewedPlant growth is highly dependent on bacteria, saprophytic, and mycorrhizal fungi which facilitate the cycling and mobilization of nutrients. Over 95% of the sulfur (S) in soil is present in an organic form. Sulfate-esters and sulfonates, the major forms of organo-S in soils, arise through deposition of biological material and are transformed through subsequent humification. Fungi and bacteria release S from sulfate-esters using sulfatases, however, release of S from sulfonates is catalyzed by a bacterial multi-component mono-oxygenase system. The asfA gene is used as a key marker in this desulfonation process to study sulfonatase activity in soil bacteria identified as Variovorax, Polaromonas, Acidovorax, and Rhodococcus. The rhizosphere is regarded as a hot spot for microbial activity and recent studies indicate that this is also the case for the mycorrhizosphere where bacteria may attach to the fungal hyphae capable of mobilizing organo-S. While current evidence is not showing sulfatase and sulfonatase activity in arbuscular mycorrhiza, their effect on the expression of plant host sulfate transporters is documented. A revision of the role of bacteria, fungi and the interactions between soil bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant S supply was conducted

New Breed Librarian

18 p.Feature article: The Perception of Image and Status in the Library Profession; Interview: Joanna Kroll; People: Richard Heinzkill; Ask Susu; Tech Tal

Blessing, Church, Altar, School

A group of four liturgical pamphlets: The Blessing and Laying of the Cornerstone for a Church According to the Roman Rite (translated and arranged by John Schneider and Richard Heinzkill); The Blessing of a Church According to the Roman Rite (translated and arranged by John Schneider and Richard Heinzkill); Meaning of the Altar (by Rev. Paschal Botz, O.S.B.); The Blessing of a School According to the Roman Rite (translated and arranged by John Schneider and Richard Heinzkill).https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/saint_johns_abbey_books/1087/thumbnail.jp