Identifikace neutrálních pionu v kalorimetru pro FCC-hh

Future Circular Collider (FCC) je plánovaný takmer 100 km dlhý urýchľovač, ktorý by mohol byť vybudovaný okolo roku 2040 v laboratóriu CERN. Sústrediť sa budeme najmä na jeho protón-protónový urýchľovač (FCC-hh), využívaný predovšetkým pre objavy no- vých častíc. Neutrálne pióny sa takmer okamžite po vzniku rozpadajú na dva fotóny. Tieto fotóny sú veľmi blízko seba a môžu byť pri rekonštrukcii omylom považované za jediný fotón. S dostatočnou granularitou kalorimetra by sme mali byť schopní zaregis- trovať oba fotóny a rozlíšiť signál neutrálneho piónu od fotónu. Hlavným cieľom práce je zoznámiť sa s geometriou kalorimetra plánovaného pre FCC-hh. Ďalej otestujeme, ako sme schopní zrekonštruovať rozpady neutrálnych piónov s rôznymi energiami pomocou signálu z buniek kalorimetra. Nakoniec budeme pozorovať prostredníctvom simulácií roz- delenie uhlu medzi dvoma fotónmi z rozpadu neutrálneho piónu. 1Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. Our main focus is going to be the proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) used primarily for the discovery of new particles. Neutral pions de- cay almost immediately after creation into two photons. These photons are very close to each other and could be misidentified as a single photon during reconstruction. With a sufficiently granular calorimeter, we should be able to register both photons and dis- tinguish the signal of a neutral pion from a photon. The main object of this thesis is to acquaint ourselves with the layout of the calorimeter planned for the FCC-hh experiment. Furthermore we will test our ability to reconstruct neutral pion decays using the signal from calorimeter cells. Finally, we will simulate distribution of the decay angle between two photons from the neutral pion decay. 1Institute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsÚstav částicové a jaderné fyzikyFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult

Neutral pion identification at Future Circular Collider

Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. The first stage of operation is going to be a lepton collider FCC-ee which aims to test the Standard model with unprecedented precision at maximal central energies of 365 GeV. Neutral pions originating from such collisions are crucial for reconstructions of particles such as the τ lepton and their identification poses a challenge for detectors. Neutral pions decay almost immediately into a pair of photons separated by a small angle and can be easily misidentified as a single photon. We should be able to distinguish the signal of a neutral pion from the signal of a single photon with a fine segmented calorimeter. In the thesis we will work with the FCC-ee noble liquid calorimeter design. The main goal of the thesis is to understand the geometry of the calorimeter planned for FCC-ee experiment and investigate the options offered by multivariate analysis methods for the reconstruction and identification of neutral pions against a single photon background. 1Future Circular Collider (FCC) je 100 km dlhý urýchľovač častíc, ktorého výstavba sa plánuje okolo roku 2040 v laboratóriu CERN. Prvú etapu bude tvoriť leptónový urýchľo- vač FCC-ee, ktorého cieľom bude otestovať Štandardný model s nebývalou presnosťou pri centrálnej energii 365 GeV. Neutrálne pióny pochádzajúce z takýchto zrážok sú dôle- žité na rekonštrukciu častíc ako napríklad τ leptóny a ich identifikácia predstavuje výzvu pre detektory. Neutrálne pióny sa rozpadajú na pár fotónov s veľmi malým rozletovým uhlom, kvôli čomu sa dajú ľahko zameniť za jeden fotón. Mali by sme byť schopní rozlíšiť signál z neutrálneho piónu od signálu z jediného fotónu v kalorimetri s dostatočne jem- nou segmentáciou. V tejto práci budeme pracovať s návrhom kalorimetru pre FCC-ee, ktorý využíva kvapalné vzácne plyny. Hlavným cieľom našej práce je porozumieť stavbe kalorimetra plánovaného pre experiment FCC-ee a preskúmať možnosti identifikácie ne- utrálnych piónov na fotónovom pozadí pomocou "multivariate analysis"metód. 1Ústav částicové a jaderné fyzikyInstitute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel flexible nucleoside analogues that inhibit flavivirus replication in vitro

Flaviviruses, such as Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, represent a severe health burden. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments, and vaccines against most flaviviruses are still lacking. We have developed several flexible analogues (“fleximers”) of the FDA-approved nucleoside Acyclovir that exhibit activity against various RNA viruses, demonstrating their broad-spectrum potential. The current study reports activity against DENV and YFV, particularly for compound 1. Studies to elucidate the mechanism of action suggest the flex-analogue triphosphates, especially 1-TP, inhibit DENV and ZIKV methyltransferases. The results of these studies are reported herein

Neutral pion identification in a calorimeter for FCC-hh

Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. Our main focus is going to be the proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) used primarily for the discovery of new particles. Neutral pions de- cay almost immediately after creation into two photons. These photons are very close to each other and could be misidentified as a single photon during reconstruction. With a sufficiently granular calorimeter, we should be able to register both photons and dis- tinguish the signal of a neutral pion from a photon. The main object of this thesis is to acquaint ourselves with the layout of the calorimeter planned for the FCC-hh experiment. Furthermore we will test our ability to reconstruct neutral pion decays using the signal from calorimeter cells. Finally, we will simulate distribution of the decay angle between two photons from the neutral pion decay.

Neutral pion identification at Future Circular Collider

Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. The first stage of operation is going to be a lepton collider FCC-ee which aims to test the Standard model with unprecedented precision at maximal central energies of 365 GeV. Neutral pions originating from such collisions are crucial for reconstructions of particles such as the τ lepton and their identification poses a challenge for detectors. Neutral pions decay almost immediately into a pair of photons separated by a small angle and can be easily misidentified as a single photon. We should be able to distinguish the signal of a neutral pion from the signal of a single photon with a fine segmented calorimeter. In the thesis we will work with the FCC-ee noble liquid calorimeter design. The main goal of the thesis is to understand the geometry of the calorimeter planned for FCC-ee experiment and investigate the options offered by multivariate analysis methods for the reconstruction and identification of neutral pions against a single photon background.

Arbidol (Umifenovir): A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug That Inhibits Medically Important Arthropod-Borne Flaviviruses

Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are human pathogens of global medical importance, against which no effective small molecule-based antiviral therapy has currently been reported. Arbidol (umifenovir) is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound approved in Russia and China for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. This compound shows activities against numerous DNA and RNA viruses. The mode of action is based predominantly on impairment of critical steps in virus-cell interactions. Here we demonstrate that arbidol possesses micromolar-level anti-viral effects (EC50 values ranging from 10.57 ± 0.74 to 19.16 ± 0.29 µM) in Vero cells infected with Zika virus, West Nile virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, three medically important representatives of the arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Interestingly, no antiviral effects of arbidol are observed in virus infected porcine stable kidney cells (PS), human neuroblastoma cells (UKF-NB-4), and human hepatoma cells (Huh-7 cells) indicating that the antiviral effect of arbidol is strongly cell-type dependent. Arbidol shows increasing cytotoxicity when tested in various cell lines, in the order: Huh-7 < HBCA < PS < UKF-NB-4 < Vero with CC50 values ranging from 18.69 ± 0.1 to 89.72 ± 0.19 µM. Antiviral activities and acceptable cytotoxicity profiles suggest that arbidol could be a promising candidate for further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in selective treatment of flaviviral infections