A study of 60 Gigahertz intersatellite link applications

Applications of intersatellite links operating at 60 GHz are reviewed. Likely scenarios, ranging from transmission of moderate and high data rates over long distances to low data rates over short distances are examined. A limited parametric tradeoff is performed with system variables such as radiofrequency power, receiver noise temperature, link distance, data rate, and antenna size. Present status is discussed and projections are given for both electron tube and solid state transmitter technologies. Monolithic transmit and receive module technology, already under development at 20 to 30 GHz, is reviewed and its extension to 60 GHz, and possible applicability is discussed

Adverse Childhood Experiences Among 28,047 Norwegian Adults From a General Population

publishedVersionPaid Open AccessUNIT agreemen

Molecular van der Waals fluids in cavity quantum electrodynamics

Intermolecular van der Waals interactions are central to chemical and physical phenomena ranging from biomolecule binding to soft-matter phase transitions. However, there are currently very limited approaches to manipulate van der Waals interactions. In this work, we demonstrate that strong light-matter coupling can be used to tune van der Waals interactions, and, thus, control the thermodynamic properties of many-molecule systems. Our analysis reveals orientation-dependent intermolecular interactions between van der Waals molecules (for example, H2) that depend on the distance between the molecules R as R−3 and R0. Moreover, we employ non-perturbative \textit{ab initio} cavity quantum electrodynamics calculations to develop machine learning-based van der Waals interaction potentials for molecules inside optical cavities. By simulating fluids of up to 1,000 H2 molecules, we demonstrate that strong light-matter coupling can tune the structural and thermodynamic properties of molecular fluids. In particular, we observe collective orientational order in many-molecule systems as a result of cavity-modified van der Waals interactions. These simulations and analyses demonstrate both local and collective effects induced by strong light-matter coupling and open new paths for controlling the properties of condensed phase systems

Intermittent mild negative pressure applied to the lower limb in patients with spinal cord injury and chronic lower limb ulcers: a crossover pilot study

Study design Randomized, assessor-blinded crossover pilot study. Objectives To explore the use of an intermittent negative pressure (INP) device for home use in addition to standard wound care (SWC) for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic leg and foot ulcers before conducting a superiority trial. Setting Patient homes and outpatient clinic. Methods A 16-week crossover trial on 9 SCI patients (median age: 57 years, interquartile range [IQR] 52–66), with leg ulcers for 52 of weeks (IQR: 12–82) duration. At baseline, patients were allocated to treatment with INP + SWC or SWC alone. After 8 weeks, the ulcers were evaluated. To assess protocol adherence, the patients were then crossed over to the other group and were evaluated again after another 8 weeks. Lower limb INP treatment consisted of an airtight pressure chamber connected to an INP generator (alternating 10 s −40mmHg/7 s atmospheric pressure) used 2 h/day at home. Ulcer healing was assessed using a photographic wound assessment tool (PWAT) and by measuring changes in wound surface area (WSA). Results Seven of nine recruited patients adhered to a median of 90% (IQR: 80–96) of the prescribed 8-week INP-protocol, and completed the study without side effects. PWAT improvement was observed in 4/4 patients for INP + SWC vs. 2/5 patients for SWC alone (P = 0.13). WSA improved in 3/4 patients allocated to INP + SWC vs. 3/5 patients in SWC alone (P = 0.72). Conclusions INP can be used as a home-based treatment for patients with SCI, and its efficacy should be tested in an adequately sized, preferably multicenter randomized trial.måsjekke

The social gradient in stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Aim: Socioeconomic inequality is found to negatively influence mental health, but studies investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and specific common mental health problems such as stress and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are needed. Moreover, gender gaps in mental health among adolescents are evident, but there is a lack of studies that investigate socioeconomic differences in mental health within genders. As girls report consistently more depressive symptoms than do boys, this systematic review specifically investigates whether socioeconomic status is associated with stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population. Methods: Eligible studies according to predefined inclusion criteria were identified from Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Svemed+ and Idunn. Eight studies were identified, whereby only two measured stress; hence, the evidence base for stress was too limited to perform an analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted of the six studies that measured depressive symptoms. Results: A significant inverse social gradient in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls was revealed in all studies that applied parental employment status and perceived financial difficulties as SES measures, while parental educational level and Family Affluence Scale (FAS) gave inconsistent results. The relatively low number of studies may limit interpretation. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were more common among adolescent girls with low SES compared to girls with higher SES. SES measures should be applied with care in studies of populations of adolescent girls, as the results can vary based on the chosen indicator. Actions to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population should include targeting socioeconomic inequalities

Comparison of risk-behaviors among young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) versus high school students. A cross-sectional study

Background: Young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) have been identified as a vulnerable group at risk of poor social functioning, lower educational achievement, limited job opportunities and financial hardship. Being NEET has also been associated with increased risk of mental and physical health problems, but only a few studies have identified the prevalence of certain health-risk behaviors among NEET youth. The present study contributes to fill the existing knowledge gaps by investigating a broad range of risk behaviors in this vulnerable group compared to their high school peers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 NEET youth and 384 age and gender-matched high school students. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess differences in several risk behaviors, including substance use, low consumption of healthy food and high consumption of unhealthy food and beverages, low leisure time physical activity and low sleep duration. Logistic regression models were adjusted for gender, age and parental education. Results: NEET youth had higher odds of using cannabis (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.3), smokeless tobacco (1.7;1.0-2.8), smoking cigarettes (2.6;1.5-4.4), having an irregular consumption of breakfast (2.6;1.5-4.5), lunch (3.1;1.8-5.4) and dinner (1.9;1.1-3.2), having low consumption of vegetables (3.0;1.3-6.7), fruit and berries (5.3;1.6-18.1) and fish (3.0;1.8-5.1) and short sleep duration on weekends (2.6;1.4-4.9) than students. On the other hand, being NEET was associated with decreased odds of short sleep duration on weekdays compared to their high school peers (0.3;0.2-0.5). No differences in alcohol intoxication, consumption frequency of evening meals, consumption of unhealthy food items and beverages and leisure time physical activity were shown between these groups. Conclusions: NEET youth have higher odds of using tobacco, short sleep duration on weekends and lower consumption of healthy food items including vegetables, fruit and fish compared to high school students. These results contribute to identify risk behaviors that are more prevalent among NEET youth compared to students and needs to be addressed through targeted intervention studies

2'-Alkynylnucleotides: A Sequence- and Spin Label-Flexible Strategy for EPR Spectroscopy in DNA.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful method to elucidate molecular structure through the measurement of distances between conformationally well-defined spin labels. Here we report a sequence-flexible approach to the synthesis of double spin-labeled DNA duplexes, where 2'-alkynylnucleosides are incorporated at terminal and internal positions on complementary strands. Post-DNA synthesis copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions with a variety of spin labels enable the use of double electron-electron resonance experiments to measure a number of distances on the duplex, affording a high level of detailed structural information

Effect of substrate thermal resistance on space-domain microchannel

In recent years, Fluorescent Melting Curve Analysis (FMCA) has become an almost ubiquitous feature of commercial quantitative PCR (qPCR) thermal cyclers. Here a micro-fluidic device is presented capable of performing FMCA within a microchannel. The device consists of modular thermally conductive blocks which can sandwich a microfluidic substrate. Opposing ends of the blocks are held at differing temperatures and a linear thermal gradient is generated along the microfluidic channel. Fluorescent measurements taken from a sample as it passes along the micro-fluidic channel permits fluorescent melting curves to be generated. In this study we measure DNA melting temperature from two plasmid fragments. The effects of flow velocity and ramp-rate are investigated, and measured melting curves are compared to those acquired from a commercially available PCR thermocycler

Photoluminescence Activation of Organic Dyes via Optically Trapped Quantum Dots

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Nano, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher.[EN] Laser tweezers afford quantum dot (QD) manipulation for use as localized emitters. Here, we demonstrate fluorescence by radiative energy transfer from optically trapped colloidal QDs (donors) to fluorescent dyes (acceptors). To this end, we synthesized silica-coated QDs of different compositions and triggered their luminescence by simultaneous trapping and two-photon excitation in a microfluidic chamber filled with dyes. This strategy produces a near-field light source with great spatial maneuverability, which can be exploited to scan nanostructures. In this regard, we demonstrate induced photoluminescence of dye-labeled cells via optically trapped silica-coated colloidal QDs placed at their vicinity. Allocating nanoscale donors at controlled distances from a cell is an attractive concept in fluorescence microscopy because it dramatically reduces the number of excited dyes, which improves resolution by preventing interferences from the whole sample, while prolonging dye luminescence lifetime due to the lower power absorbed from the QDs.H.R.-R. is supported by an FPI-UAM 2015 fellowship (BES-2009-027909). Authors acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through MAT2017-85617-R and MAT2015-71806-R. B.H.J. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Maria de Maeztu (IFIMAC) and Severo Ochoa (IMDEA Nanoscience) Programmes for Units of Excellence in R&D.Rodríguez-Rodríguez, H.; Acebrón, M.; Iborra, F.; Arias-Gonzalez, JR.; Juárez, B. (2019). Photoluminescence Activation of Organic Dyes via Optically Trapped Quantum Dots. ACS Nano. 13(6):7223-7230. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b02835S7223723013