Determination of OD Value and CFU Dilution for Modeling the Infection of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis on Experimental Mice

Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is also sometimes called a yeast infection, and it occurs when there is overgrowth of the normal yeast in the vagina. This infection is relatively common nearly 75% of all adult women have had at least one "yeast infection" in their lifetime and harmful for their immune system. Objective. To measure the number of colonies of Candida albicans in the treated mice induced by Candida albicans derived from clinical strain BALB/c at various clinical dosages in CFU dilution and to determine the optic density (OD) value in blood serums of the treated mice. Method. Three mice clinical strain BALB/c, 18-12 weeks, weight 25-30 gr, were randomly selected and Candida albicans were transvaginally induced to the treated mice with 10

Pengaruh Fermentasi Kombinasi Jamur Pleurotus Ostreatus Dengan Trichoderma Viridae Terhadap Kandungan Nutrien Dan Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Bungkil Kopra

Copra meal is by-product of oil extraction that is produced in large quantity and relatively cheap in Indonesia. However, its high cellulose becomes obstacle for poultry diet. Two studies was conducted to optimize the utilization of copra meal by producing crude enzyme that matched with copra meal using solid state fermentation method with various doses and incubation time that mixed with Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Trichoderma viridae (TV). In the first study, copra meal was fermented with 4 levels of inoculum (L0 = no inoculum; L1 = 17.7 CFU/g of TV and 175.00 CFU/g of PO per kg of copra meal; L2 = 35.4 CFU/g of TV and 218.75 CFU/g of PO per kg of copra meal; L3 = 53.1 CFU/g of TV and 262.50 CFU/g of PO per kg of copra meal and 4 incubation time (W1= 4 days; W2 = 6 days; W3 = 8 days; and W4 = 10 days). Parameters measured were crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and gross energy. A completely randomized factorial design was used in the study. In the second study, crude enzyme was produced from the best results found in the first study. A method of Jacob and Prema (2006) was used to produce enzyme. Meanwhile, activity of cellulase was measured based on the method of Omojosola (2008). The results showed that factor of inoculum level was found significantly increased protein content and gross energy but decreased crude lipid and crude fibre of the mixed fungi-fermented copra meal. Incubation time did not affect protein content but significanly affected crude lipid, crude fibre and gross energy. Interactions between inoculum level and incubation time was found in crude lipid, crude fibre and gross energy contents of mixed fungi-fermented copra meal. Activity of cellulase was 0.71 g glucose/l

Uji Teknologi Pembuatan Sirup Markisa Skala Rumah Tangga

This study aimed at assessing quality of passion fruit juice and profitability level through application ofintroduced processing technology compared to existing farmers' technology. The study was conducted in Cikorovillage, Gowa district, since April to December 2000. There were 24 sample farmers divided into two groups. Thefirst group applied introduced technology, while the other group practiced existing technology. Each group had threereplications of experiments and each group treated 6,000 pieces of passion fruits. Passion fruit juice of each group wasexamined chemically and using organoleptic test. Results comparison of the two groups was carried out using t-test.The results showed that (1) passion fruit juice processed using introduced technology had better quality, namelystronger flavor, higher contents of acid and vitamin C, and no coagulation during one-month storage; (2) applicationof introduced processing technology resulted in higher profit than that of existing technology, namely Rp,464,520(B/C ratio of 1.38 and R/C ratio of 2.38) compared to Rp 1,762,670 (B/C ratio of 1.08 and R/C ratio of 2.08).Key words: juice, Passiflora edulis, household, processing technology Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu sari buah dan keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan penerapanteknologi yang diperbaiki dan teknologi petani dalam pembuatan sirup markisa skala rumah tangga. Pengkajiandilaksanakan di Kelurahan Cikoro, Kabupaten Gowa pada bulan April hingga Desember 2000, melibatkan 24 petaniyang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama membuat sari buah markisa melalui penggunaan teknologiintroduksi, sedangkan kelompok lainnya menggunakan teknologi petani. Kegiatan pembuatan sirup markisa darimasing-masing teknologi tersebut diulang tiga kali. Sirup markisa dari kedua kelompok tersebut diuji secara kimiadan organoleptik serta dibandingkan dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) mutu saribuah yang dihasilkan dengan teknologi introduksi memiliki beberapa keunggulan, yaitu aroma yang lebih kuat,kandungan asam dan vitamin C lebih tinggi, dan tidak terjadi pengendapan selama sebulan dalam penyimpanan; (2)penggunaan teknologi introduksi memberikan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan teknologi petani,yaitu masing-masing sebanyak Rp. 2.464.520 (B/C ratio 1,38 dan R/C ratio 2,38) dan Rp. 1.762.670,- (B/C ratio 1,08dan R/C ratio 2,08) dari pengolahan 6000 buah markisa

Net-charge probability distributions in heavy ion collisions at chemical freeze-out

We explore net charge probability distributions in heavy ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas model. The distributions for strangeness, electric charge and baryon number are derived. We show that, within this model, net charge probability distributions and the resulting fluctuations can be computed directly from the measured yields of charged and multi-charged hadrons. The influence of multi-charged particles and quantum statistics on the shape of the distribution is examined. We discuss the properties of the net proton distribution along the chemical freeze-out line. The model results presented here can be compared with data at RHIC energies and at the LHC to possibly search for the relation between chemical freeze-out and QCD cross-over lines in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure

Survey on Characteristics of Processing and Quality of Dangke Milk Cows in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi

The development of the processing industry of dangke milk cows in Enrekang district had an important role in support of the improvement of national milk consumption and absorption of milk cows of local farmers. The purpose of research is to describe of the characteristics of the processing of dangke milk cows consisting of methods of manufacture and storage, as well as the quality of dangke in Enrekang district. This research is a descriptive survey. The respondents are 60 people manufacturers dangke milk cows which selected by simple random sampling. Data on the characteristics of dangke processing collected through observation and interviews with open-ended questionnaire, whereas quality of dangke (moisture, fat, protein, ash, and pH) were measured by AOAC method (1995). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Conclusion of this study is that the method of manufacture of dangke milk cows includes heating of the milk, the addition of papaya latex solution, filtering and printing of the curd, and packaging products are varied quantitatively cause the quality of dangke is diverse. Dangke storage method allows a reduction of the quality of the physical and microbiological dangke milk cows

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Jeneponto

This research is located in Jeneponto Regency and was conducted from February to March 2022. The goals of this research are 1) to determine the performance of agricultural extension workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jeneponto Regency, 2) to evaluate how the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jeneponto Regency affected the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers by looking at internal and external aspects, and 3) to analyze the influence of the factors that most dominantly affect the performance of agricultural extension workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jeneponto Regency. Simple random sampling is used to choose the sample, which includes 46 respondents across 6 subdistricts. Data from this study's data collection were examined by percentage descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25. The results showed that the performance of agricultural extension workers in Jeneponto Regency was in the high category and internal and external factors simultaneously affected the performance of agricultural extension workers. If in part only formal education, training, age, motivation, reward system, and the level of active participation of farmers have a significant effect. Meanwhile, the use of counseling media, work period / work experience, family dependents, availability of facilities and infrastructure, distance of work areas, number of assisted farmer groups, information technology, and support for coaching and supervision did not have a significant partial effect on the performance of agricultural extension workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jeneponto Regency

El clima vitícola de regiones productoras de uvas para vinos y piscos del Perú.

EL CLIMA VITÍCOLA DE REGIONES PRODUCTORAS DE UVAS PARA VINOS Y PISCOS DEL PERÚ 1. TIPOS DE CLIMA EN LAS REGIONES VITIVINÍCOLAS DEL PERÚ Según el SENAMHI, por su ubicación geográfica, el Perú que se encuentra en la parte central y occidental de América del Sur entre los 81°19?35? y 68°30?11? de Longitud Oeste y entre los 00°01?48? y 18°21?05? de Latitud Sur, debería ser un país tropical, de clima cálido y lluvioso. Sin embargo, posee variados climas subtropicales y tropicales debido a la existencia de dos factores determinantes que modifican completamente sus condiciones ecológicas: la Cordillera de los Andes y las corrientes marinas del Humboldt y del Niño. El clima de la costa es templado y húmedo gracias a la fría corriente marina peruana. En la sierra, el clima varía desde el templado hasta el frío glacial; en las planicies selváticas transandinas es cálido y húmedo, con abundantes lluvias

Virtual Compton Scattering off a Spinless Target in AdS/QCD

We study the doubly virtual Compton scattering off a spinless target $\gamma^*P\to\gamma^*P'$ within the Anti-de Sitter(AdS)/QCD formalism. We find that the general structure allowed by the Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance of the Compton amplitude is not easily reproduced with the standard recipes of the AdS/QCD correspondence. In the soft-photon regime, where the semi-classical approximation is supposed to apply best, we show that the measurements of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of a target like the charged pion in real Compton scattering, can already serve as stringent tests.Comment: 21 pages, version to be published in JHEP

Exploring the proton spin structure

Understanding the spin structure of the proton is one of the main challenges in hadronic physics. While the concepts of spin and orbital angular momentum are pretty clear in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, the generalization of these concepts to quantum field theory encounters serious difficulties. It is however possible to define meaningful decompositions of the proton spin that are (in principle) measurable. We propose a summary of the present situation including recent developments and prospects of future developments.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, contribution to the proceedings of the DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium 2014, Dec 8-12, Guwahati, Indi