Die Umsetzung der UNCCD im Vergleich zu anderen Rio-Konventionen

Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und wieweit kulturell negative und unklare Wahrnehmungen, die an Hand von Konzepten von Hemphill und Merleau Ponty analysiert werden, Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung der UNCCD im Vergleich zu ihren Schwesterkonventionen CBD und UNFCCC verursacht haben. Es wird gezeigt, dass die anfänglich nur als regional gefasste Bedeutung von Böden sowohl die Umsetzung der UNCCD räumlich beschränkt hat und auch ihre Finanzierung stark beeinträchtigt hat. Ferner zeigt sich auch, dass die untergeordnete Rolle, die Böden zugeschrieben wird, auch in den Umweltwissenschaften perpetuiert wird und Böden aus Entwicklungsprogrammen ausblendet

The psychic transmission between generations

O debate sobre a transmissão do psiquismo entre gerações, embora presente desde o início na obra de Freud, teve nos últimos anos um novo impulso na psicanálise, com vários trabalhos dedicados à articulação da realidade psíquica do sujeito singular com a realidade psíquica do grupo. O estudo desses fenômenos pode enriquecer a compreensão do sofrimento psíquico, e o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão teórica sobre o tema da transmissão do psiquismo entre as gerações, nas modalidades intergeracional e transgeracional, exemplificando-se com um caso clínico.The debate about psychic transmission between generations has been present, in the work of Freud, since the beginning of psychoanalysis. But there has been a renewal of interest about this subject in the last years, and many articles have been dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between the psychic reality of the singular person and that of his group. The study of this phenomenon can enrich our comprehension of psychic suffering. So, the objective of this work is to proceed a revision of the literature about this topic, on its two modalities, intergenerational and transgenerational transmission. A clinical report is included as an illustration

Identification of novel follicular dendritic cell sarcoma markers, FDCSP and SRGN, by whole transcriptome sequencing

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-sarcoma is a rare neoplasm with morphologic and phenotypic features of FDCs. It shows an extremely heterogeneous morphology, therefore, its diagnosis relys on the phenotype of tumor cells. Aim of the present study was the identification of new specific markers for FDC-sarcoma by whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). Candidate markers were selected based on gene expression level and biological function. Immunohistochemistry was performed on reactive tonsils, on 22 cases of FDC-sarcomas and 214 control cases including 114 carcinomas, 87 soft tissue tumors, 5 melanomas, 5 thymomas and 3 interdigitating dendritic cell sarcomas. FDC secreted protein (FDCSP) and Serglycin (SRGN) proved to be specific markers of FDC and related tumor. They showed better specificity and sensitivity values than some well known markers used in FDC sarcoma diagnosis (specificity: 98.6%, and 100%, respectively; sensitivity: 72.73% and 68.18%, respectively). In our cohorts CXCL13, CD21, CD35, FDCSP and SRGN were the best markers for FDC-sarcoma diagnosis and could discriminate 21/22 FDC sarcomas from other mesenchymal tumors by linear discriminant analysis. In summary, by WTS we identified two novel FDC markers and by the analysis of a wide cohort of cases and controls we propose an efficient marker panel for the diagnosis of this rare and enigmatic tumor

Oncogenic role of miR-155 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma lacking the t(2;5) translocation.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare, aggressive, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is characterized by CD30 expression and disease onset in young patients. About half of ALCL patients bear the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, which results in the formation of the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase (NPM-ALK) fusion protein (ALCL ALK(+)). However, little is known about the molecular features and tumour drivers in ALK-negative ALCL (ALCL ALK(-)), which is characterized by a worse prognosis. We found that ALCL ALK(-), in contrast to ALCL ALK(+), lymphomas display high miR-155 expression. Consistent with this, we observed an inverse correlation between miR-155 promoter methylation and miR-155 expression in ALCL. However, no direct effect of the ALK kinase on miR-155 levels was observed. Ago2 immunoprecipitation revealed miR-155 as the most abundant miRNA, and enrichment of target mRNAs C/EBPβ and SOCS1. To investigate its function, we over-expressed miR-155 in ALCL ALK(+) cell lines and demonstrated reduced levels of C/EBPβ and SOCS1. In murine engraftment models of ALCL ALK(-), we showed that anti-miR-155 mimics are able to reduce tumour growth. This goes hand-in-hand with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and high SOCS1 in these tumours, which leads to suppression of STAT3 signalling. Moreover, miR-155 induces IL-22 expression and suppresses the C/EBPβ target IL-8. These data suggest that miR-155 can act as a tumour driver in ALCL ALK(-) and blocking miR-155 could be therapeutically relevant. Original miRNA array data are to be found in the supplementary material (Table S1).This work was supported by the SCRI-LIMCR GmbH, the “Jubiläumsfond der Österreichischen Nationalbank” (grant-no. 14856 to O.M.), R.G. was supported by grant SFB P021 from the Austrian Science Funds (FWF), L.K. was supported by grant FWF, P26011, R.M. was supported by FWF grants SFB F28 and SFB F47. S.D.T. is a Senior Lecturer supported with funding from Leukemia and Lymphoma Research.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.453

Detailed Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients Who Relapsed After the Nordic Mantle Cell Lymphoma Trials : MCL2 and MCL3

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable disease with a highly variable clinical course. The prognosis after relapse is generally poor, and no standard of care exists. We investigated the postrelapse outcomes of 149 patients who were initially treated in the Nordic Lymphoma Group trials, MCL2 or MCL3, both representing intensive cytarabine-containing frontline regimens including autologous stem cell transplant. Patients with progression of disease before 24 months (POD24, n = 51, 34%) displayed a median overall survival of 6.6 months compared with 46 months for patients with later POD (n = 98, 66%; P < 0.001). MCL international prognostic index, cell proliferation marker, blastoid morphology, and TP53 mutations showed independent prognostic value irrespective of POD24, and in a combined, exploratory risk score, patients with 0, 1, 2-3, or 4-5 high-risk markers, respectively, displayed a 5-year overall survival of 62%, 39%, 31%, and 0%. By a comparison of median progression-free survival of the different salvage therapies in the relapse setting, bendamustine-rituximab was superior to all other combination chemotherapy regimens; however, it was also associated with longer responses to last line of therapy. Collectively, we confirm the prognostic impact of POD24 and highlight the relevance of other biomarkers, and we emphasize the importance of novel therapies for patients with high-risk features at first POD.Peer reviewe

A sequence variant associating with educational attainment also affects childhood cognition

Only a few common variants in the sequence of the genome have been shown to impact cognitive traits. Here we demonstrate that polygenic scores of educational attainment predict specific aspects of childhood cognition, as measured with IQ. Recently, three sequence variants were shown to associate with educational attainment, a confluence phenotype of genetic and environmental factors contributing to academic success. We show that one of these variants associating with educational attainment, rs4851266-T, also associates with Verbal IQ in dyslexic children (P=4.3 x 10(-4), beta=0.16 s.d.). The effect of 0.16 s.d. corresponds to 1.4 IQ points for heterozygotes and 2.8 IQ points for homozygotes. We verified this association in independent samples consisting of adults (P=8.3 x 10(-5), beta=0.12 s.d., combined P=2.2 x 10(-7), beta=0.14 s.d.). Childhood cognition is unlikely to be affected by education attained later in life, and the variant explains a greater fraction of the variance in verbal IQ than in educational attainment (0.7% vs 0.12%,. P=1.0 x 10(-5))

A sequence variant associating with educational attainment also affects childhood cognition

Only a few common variants in the sequence of the genome have been shown to impact cognitive traits. Here we demonstrate that polygenic scores of educational attainment predict specific aspects of childhood cognition, as measured with IQ. Recently, three sequence variants were shown to associate with educational attainment, a confluence phenotype of genetic and environmental factors contributing to academic success. We show that one of these variants associating with educational attainment, rs4851266-T, also associates with Verbal IQ in dyslexic children (P=4.3 x 10(-4), beta=0.16 s.d.). The effect of 0.16 s.d. corresponds to 1.4 IQ points for heterozygotes and 2.8 IQ points for homozygotes. We verified this association in independent samples consisting of adults (P=8.3 x 10(-5), beta=0.12 s.d., combined P=2.2 x 10(-7), beta=0.14 s.d.). Childhood cognition is unlikely to be affected by education attained later in life, and the variant explains a greater fraction of the variance in verbal IQ than in educational attainment (0.7% vs 0.12%,. P=1.0 x 10(-5))