Review of Olympic Industry Resistance, by Jefferson Lenskyj, H. (2008)

Review of the book Olympic Industry Resistance, by Jefferson Lenskyj, H

Sixteen candles

Encyclopedic entry concerning the movie Sixteen Candles

Pretty in pink

Encyclopedic entry concerning the movie Pretty in Pink

Re(de)fining Narrative Events: Examining Television Narrative Structure

The authors introduce a new analytical instrument, the Scene Function Model, as an expansion of Seymour Chatman\u27s theoretical classification of story events into kernels and satellites. The Scene Function Model is designed to examine the narrative function of television scenes and provide the user with a clearer understanding of the structure of the television narrative

Zero Kinetic Energy Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Benzo[h]quinoline

We report zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy of benzo[h]quinoline (BhQ) via resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) through the first electronically excited state S₁. From the simulated REMPI spectra with and without Herzberg–Teller coupling, we conclude that vibronic coupling plays a minor but observable role in the electronic excitation to the S₁ state. We further compare the S₁ state of BhQ with the first two electronically excited states of phenanthrene, noticing a similarity of the S₁ state of BhQ with the second electronically excited state S₂ of phenanthrene. In the ZEKE spectra of BhQ, the vibrational frequencies of the cationic state D₀ are consistently higher than those of the intermediate neutral state, indicating enhanced bonding upon ionization. The sparse ZEKE spectra, compared with the spectrum of phenanthrene containing rich vibronic activities, further imply that the nitrogen atom has attenuated the structural change between S₁ and D₀ states. We speculate that the nitrogen atom can withdraw an electron in the S₁ state and donate an electron in the D₀ state, thereby minimizing the structural change during ionization. The origin of the first electronically excited state is determined to be 29 410 ± 5 cm⁻¹, and the adiabatic ionization potential is determined to be 65 064 ± 7 cm⁻¹

Zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of triphenylene

We report vibrational information of both the first electronically excited state and the ground cationic state of jet-cooled triphenylene via the techniques of resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy. The first excited electronic state S₁ of the neutral molecule is of A₁' symmetry and is therefore electric dipole forbidden in the D₃ₕ group. Consequently, there are no observable Franck-Condon allowed totally symmetric a₁' vibrational bands in the REMPI spectrum. All observed vibrational transitions are due to Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling to the E' third electronically excited state S₃. The assignment of all vibrational bands as e' symmetry is based on comparisons with calculations using the time dependent density functional theory and spectroscopic simulations. When an electron is eliminated, the molecular frame undergoes Jahn-Teller distortion, lowering the point group to C₂ᵥ and resulting in two nearly degenerate electronic states of A₂ and B₁ symmetry. Here we follow a crude treatment by assuming that all e' vibrational modes resolve into b₂ and a₁ modes in the C₂ᵥ molecular frame. Some observed ZEKE transitions are tentatively assigned, and the adiabatic ionization threshold is determined to be 63 365 ± 7 cm⁻¹. The observed ZEKE spectra contain a consistent pattern, with a cluster of transitions centered near the same vibrational level of the cation as that of the intermediate state, roughly consistent with the propensity rule. However, complete assignment of the detailed vibrational structure due to Jahn-Teller coupling requires much more extensive calculations, which will be performed in the future

Resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization and zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of Benzo[e]pyrene

We report zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy via resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) for benzo[e]pyrene. Extensive vibronic coupling between the first electronically excited state and a nearby state allows b₂ symmetric modes to be observed which would normally be Franck-Condon (FC) disallowed. These vibronic modes are comparable in intensity to the FC allowed a₁ modes. Gaussian 09 is able to qualitatively simulate the vibronic spectra of the REMPI and the ZEKE experiment using density functional methods. The ZEKE spectra demonstrate propensity in preserving the vibrational excitation of the intermediate electronic state. These results suggest a remarkable structural stability of BeP in accommodating the additional charge.Keywords: far infrared vibrational spectroscopy, photoionization spectroscopy, zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy, vibronic coupling, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of jet cooled benzo[a]pyrene from resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization

We report zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) via resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Our analysis concentrates on the vibrational modes of the first excited state (S₁) and those of the ground cationic state (D₀). Similar to pyrene, another peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon we have investigated, the first two electronically excited states of BaP exhibit extensive configuration interactions. However, the two electronic states are of the same symmetry, hence vibronic coupling does not introduce any out-of-plane modes in the REMPI spectrum, and Franck-Condon analysis is qualitatively satisfactory. The ZEKE spectra from the in-plane modes observed in the REMPI spectrum demonstrate strong propensity in preserving the vibrational excitation of the intermediate state. Although several additional bands in combination with the vibrational mode of the intermediate state are identifiable, they are much lower in intensity. This observation implies that the molecular structure of BaP has a tremendous capability to accommodate changes in charge density. All observed bands of the cation are IR active, establishing the role of ZEKE spectroscopy in mapping out far infrared bands for astrophysical applications