5,434 research outputs found
Three thousand years in Tibet
Humans have come to inhabit nearly every terrestrial environment. Their commensals have followed them and have consequently become some of the most abundant and widespread species on Earth, in the process becoming exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stressors. For example, the house sparrow was introduced from the UK to North America in the nineteenth century and now millions of birds breed in houses from northern Canada to Tierra del Fuego. Clines in both morphology and colour were rapidly established [1]. But what processes cause these clines? One point of special interest is the extent to which this rapidly established geographical variation is a result of genetic evolution or plastic responses, because this has major implications for how species will respond to—for example—climate change [2]
Data-driven charging strategies for grid-beneficial, customer-oriented and battery-preserving electric mobility
Electric Vehicle (EV) penetration and renewable energies enables synergies
between energy supply, vehicle users, and the mobility sector. However, also
new issues arise for car manufacturers: During charging and discharging of EV
batteries a degradation (battery aging) occurs that correlates with a value
depreciation of the entire EV. As EV users' satisfaction depends on reliable
and value-stable products, car manufacturers offer charging assistants for
simplified and sustainable EV usage by considering individual customer needs
and battery aging. Hitherto models to quantify battery aging have limited
practicability due to a complex execution. Data-driven methods hold feasible
alternatives for SOH estimation. However, the existing approaches barely use
user-related data. By means of a linear and a neural network regression model,
we first estimate the energy consumption for driving considering individual
driving styles and environmental conditions. In following work, the consumption
model trained on data from batteries without degradation can be used to
estimate the energy consumption for EVs with aged batteries. A discrepancy
between the estimation and the real consumption indicates a battery aging
caused by increased internal losses. We then target to evaluate the influence
of charging strategies on battery degradation
The Putative Liquid-Liquid Transition is a Liquid-Solid Transition in Atomistic Models of Water
We use numerical simulation to examine the possibility of a reversible
liquid-liquid transition in supercooled water and related systems. In
particular, for two atomistic models of water, we have computed free energies
as functions of multiple order parameters, where one is density and another
distinguishes crystal from liquid. For a range of temperatures and pressures,
separate free energy basins for liquid and crystal are found, conditions of
phase coexistence between these phases are demonstrated, and time scales for
equilibration are determined. We find that at no range of temperatures and
pressures is there more than a single liquid basin, even at conditions where
amorphous behavior is unstable with respect to the crystal. We find a similar
result for a related model of silicon. This result excludes the possibility of
the proposed liquid-liquid critical point for the models we have studied.
Further, we argue that behaviors others have attributed to a liquid-liquid
transition in water and related systems are in fact reflections of transitions
between liquid and crystal
Averages of b-hadron Properties at the End of 2005
This article reports world averages for measurements on b-hadron properties
obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using the available results
as of at the end of 2005. In the averaging, the input parameters used in the
various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and all known
correlations are taken into account. The averages include lifetimes, neutral
meson mixing parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, branching fractions
of B meson decays to final states with open charm, charmonium and no charm, and
measurements related to CP asymmetries
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis after Pemetrexed and Cisplatin for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Patient with Sharp Syndrome
Background: Pemetrexed is an antifolate drug approved for maintenance and second-line therapy, and, in combination with cisplatin, for first-line treatment of advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. The side-effect profile includes fatigue, hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity, an increase in hepatic enzymes, sensory neuropathy, and pulmonary and cutaneous toxicity in various degrees. Case Report: We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with history of Sharp's syndrome and adenocarcinoma of the lung, who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after the first cycle of pemetrexed, including erythema, bullae, extensive skin denudation, subsequent systemic inflammation and severe deterioration in general condition. The generalized skin lesions occurred primarily in the previous radiation field and responded to immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone. Conclusion: Although skin toxicity is a well-known side effect of pemetrexed, severe skin reactions after pemetrexed administration are rare. Caution should be applied in cases in which pemetrexed is given subsequent to radiation therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing skin diseases
Tracking Performance of the Scintillating Fiber Detector in the K2K Experiment
The K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment uses a Scintillating
Fiber Detector (SciFi) to reconstruct charged particles produced in neutrino
interactions in the near detector. We describe the track reconstruction
algorithm and the performance of the SciFi after three years of operation.Comment: 24pages,18 figures, and 1 table. Preprint submitted to NI
Averages of -hadron, -hadron, and -lepton properties as of summer 2014
This article reports world averages of measurements of -hadron,
-hadron, and -lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging
Group (HFAG) using results available through summer 2014. For the averaging,
common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to
common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages
include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters,
violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix
elements.Comment: 436 pages, many figures and tables. Online updates available at
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag
The Composition of Cosmic Rays at the Knee
The observation of a small change in spectral slope, or 'knee' in the fluxes
of cosmic rays near energies 10^15 eV has caused much speculation since its
discovery over 40 years ago. The origin of this feature remains unknown. A
small workshop to review some modern experimental measurements of this region
was held at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, USA in June 2000. This paper
summarizes the results presented at this workshop and the discussion of their
interpretation in the context of hadronic models of atmospheric airshowers.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figure
Estimating the inelasticity with the information theory approach
Using the information theory approach, in both its extensive and nonextensive
versions, we estimate the inelasticity parameter of hadronic reactions
together with its distribution and energy dependence from and
data. We find that the inelasticity remains essentially constant in energy
except for a variation around , as was originally expected.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. Misprints correcte
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