The benthic community of the eastern US continental shelf: A literature synopsis of benthic faunal resources

The existing scientific literature on offshore benthic assemblages (OBA) residing along the US East and Gulf of Mexico continental shelf was reviewed. Identification was made of any associations between the dominant OBA and particular sediment types and/or bathymetry. Of special interest was the evaluation of reported effects of sand dredge/mining activities on the dominant OBA and recognition of data deficiencies. One hundred and twenty-two references were selected and classified as to type of study with pertinent results extracted. Polychaetes were predominantly cited as the principal infaunal taxa present in studies from both the Gulf of Mexico and US Atlantic coast. Specifically, Prionospio cristata, Nephtys incisa, N. picta, and Spiophanes bombyx were consistently identified as a common part of the benthic community structure. Surveys from the East Coast indicated a greater diversity of dominant taxa not reported for the Gulf of Mexico than vice-versa. Robust animal–sediment or animal–depth relationships were not readily available. From the few studies available, it appears that general ‘‘recovery’’ from anthropogenic disturbance by benthic assemblages on the continental shelf occurs within three months to 2.5 years. Presently, it is difficult to draw conclusions about approximate benthic faunal recovery times following anthropogenic activities such as sand mining and/or disposal operations because of the paucity of studies

Evidence Collection for the Unconscious and Unconsented Patient

Forensic nurses are faced with making an ethical decision when an unconscious patient presents with signs of sexual assault. If the patient is unable to consent, the nurses need to decide whether or not to perform a forensic exam. Hospitals have policies in place regarding consent for emergency care, but not all of them consider the collection of forensic evidence. The window of opportunity for forensic collection may disappear before contacts are made or proper consent is established.\ud Ethical, legal, and policy considerations that complicate this scenario are discussed

Nuevos registros de ácaros oribátidos (Acari: Oribatida) de un bosque patagónico afectado por fuego en Argentina

A study of oribatid mite communities in a Patagonian forest affected by wildfires was carried out to assess their taxonomic diversity and to increase knowledge of their distribution. A total of 43 species/morphospecies were found. Ten were new records for Chubut and 3 for Argentina. Increased knowledge of this fauna will be fundamental in aiding further understanding about its ecology and distribution.Se llevó a cabo un estudio de la comunidad de ácaros oribátidos de un bosque afectado por fuego ubicado en la Patagonia argentina para evaluar su diversidad taxonómica e incrementar el conocimiento de su distribución. Un total de 43 especies/morfoespecies fueron encontradas; del total, 10 fueron nuevos registros para la provincia de Chubut y 3 fueron nuevos registros para la Argentina. Incrementar el conocimiento de esta fauna se vuelve fundamental para ayudar a comprender su ecología y distribución.Fil: Manzo, Rosa María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; ArgentinaFil: Dadamia, María Manuela. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; ArgentinaFil: Rizzuto, Susana. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; Argentin

The modulating effect of bruxism as a form of suppressed hostility on depression in a selected population of tension type headache (ttha) and craniomandibular disorders (cmds) individuals. O efeito modulador do bruxismo como uma forma de hostilidade reprimida numa população seleta com dor de cabeça por tensão muscular e distúrbios craniomandibulares (dcms).

AIMS: explore the hypothesis that bruxism and depression are forms of suppressed hostility in individuals presenting Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs) and Tension-type Headache (TTHa). METHODS: We evaluated a group of 100 Craniomandibular Disorders and Tension-Type Headache individuals, a group of 38 CMDs and Facial Pain individuals and a group of 23 No Craniomandibular Disorders No Facial Pain individuals. Clinical examination, questionnaires, history of signs and symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cook-Medley Inventory (HO) were used to gather data. RESULTS: The frequency of Tension Type Headache was about 43.5% in the group of 230 Craniomandibular Disorder patients. Mean scores in hostility were 19.0, 17.7 and 17.2 in the groups presenting Tension-Type Headache and CMDs, CMDs and Facial Pain and No CMDs no Pain, respectively. Mean scores in depression were about 12.0, 9.1 and 5.7 respectively in the same groups. Mean scores in bruxism were about 12.9, 8.2 and 6.8, respectively in the same groups. The strongest correlation between bruxism and depression were observed in the TTHa group (r=0.4, p<0.0001) and in the Non CMD Non Pain group (r=0.48, p<0.02). CONCLUSION: Depression is a better indicator of hostility in subgroups presenting TTHa. Scores in bruxism and depression as a form of suppressed hostility are higher in CMDs and TTHa individuals than in controls without TTHa. Because scores in bruxism were higher in TTHa and CMDs individuals, there is a strong and positive association between bruxism and TTHa in individuals with concomitant Craniomandibular disorders

Vertical distribution and trophic structure of the macrozooplankton in a shallow temperate estuary (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal)

The zooplankton of the lower part of Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro) was sampled during one lunar month. The sampling programme consisted of nine 25 hour fixed-cycles, separated weekly. In each cycle, samples were collected every two hours at three depths (surface, mid-water and above the bottom) with a 500 µm mesh net. The overall effect of the tidal phase was analyzed, taking into account the day and depth of the vertical position of the organisms through a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The zooplankton densities were, in general, higher at the surface during the night and near the bottom during the day, mainly at spring tide. The variation in the number of species followed a similar pattern to that observed for abundance. Significant differences (p<0.01) between diel and tidal phases were observed. Interaction between phase of the day and depth was also significant (p<0.05), with higher organism densities observed during night periods near the bottom. From a trophic point of view the zooplankton community of Canal de Mira was mainly composed of carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carnivores were significantly more abundant around the new and full moon (p<0.001), the omnivores at the new moon (p<0.001) and the herbivores and detritivores at the first quarter of the moon cycles (p<0.001). The density of carnivores was significantly higher at the surface at night and near the bottom during the day (p<0.05). Significant differences in the abundance of omnivores were observed between phases of the day and between depths, with higher values near the bottom during the day. The herbivores and detritivores had significantly higher densities during flood tides (p<0.001).DISTIBUICIÓN VERTICAL Y ESTRUCTURA TRÓFICA DEL MACROZOOPLANCTON EN UN ESTUARIO TEMPLADO (RIA DE AVEIRO). – El zooplancton de la parte inferior del Canal de Mira (Ria de Aveiro) fue muestreado durante un mes lunar. El programa de muestreo consistió en nueve ciclos de 25 horas, con periodicidad semanal. En cada ciclo, las muestras fueron recogidas cada dos horas, a tres profundidades (superficie, columna de agua y sobre el fondo) con una red de 500 µm. El efecto total de la fase de la marea fue analizado, teniendo en consideración el día y la profundidad en la posición vertical de los organismos con un análisis 3-Way ANOVA. Las densidades del zooplancton fueron en general más altas en la superficie durante la noche y cercanas al fondo durante el día, principalmente em la marea viva. La variación en el número de especies siguió un patrón similar al observado para la abundancia. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0.01) entre las fases del día y las fases de marea. La interacción entre la fase del día y la profundidad fue también significativa (p<0.05) con densidades de organismos más altas durante los periodos nocturnos en el fondo. De un punto de vista trófico, la comunidad zooplanctónica del Canal de Mira está principalmente compuesta por especies carnívoras y omnívoras. Los carnívoros fueram significativamente más abundantes cerca de la luna nueva y de la luna llena (p<0.001), los omnívoros en la luna nueva (p<0.001) y los herbívoros e detritívoros en el primero cuarto de los ciclos de la luna (p<0.001). La densidad de los carní- voros fue significativamente más alta en la superficie durante la noche y en el fondo durante el día (p<0.05). Para los omní- voros, fueron observadas diferencias significativas entre las fases del día y la profundidad, registando valores más elevados en el fondo durante el día. Los herbívoros y los detritívoros presentaron densidades significativamente superiores durante los ciclos de marea (p<0.001)

Group living homes for older people with dementia: Concept and effects

Eefsting, J.A. [Promotor]Pot, A.M. [Promotor]Depla, M.F.I.A. [Copromotor]Lange, J. de [Copromotor

The influence of coastal processes on inner shelf sediment distribution : the Eastern Algarve Shelf (Southern Portugal)

This study examines sediment distribution patterns in the Southeastern Algarve inner shelf (southern Portugal), an area characterized by marked variations in its coastal environment and low continental supply of sediments. The specific goals of this study were to identify the principal sediment sources and the factors influencing sediment transport paths and deposition. A total of 199 samples, collected along the shelf from the Guadiana River mouth to Olhos de Água, were analyzed. Grain-size distribution and parameters were measured for all the samples. Terrigenous and biogenic components of sand were identified in 38 samples, and results analyzed using multivariate non-linear multidimension scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis. Patterns of sediment distribution in this area of the inner shelf vary according to water depth and exhibit significant longshore variation, related mainly to coastal processes (littoral drift and storm currents) and to a lower degree to sediment sources. Sand is dominant at all depths, reflecting the influence of littoral drift in the supply and redistribution of shelf sediments. Fine and gravelsized deposits are significant in specific areas and are usually associated with changes in sediment composition. Five sectors have been identified according to sedimentary dynamics. The results, based on geostatistical and multivariate analysis, have allowed detailed sediment distribution maps to be generated, which represent an update of the existing cartography and serve as a tool for the management of coastal and marine resources. They have been furthermore compared with inner shelf sediment dynamics in other regions worldwide, to distinguish between specific regional responses to forcing mechanisms and processes that are more generalized within this type of shelf environments. In this context, the results obtained results in the Algarve study area are of great interest for the understanding of sediment dynamics of sand dominated inner shelves with reduced continental suppl