Educational review on the effect of tourism on the improvement of the environmental conditions of the towns of the city of Taleghan (Iran)

In this study, the effect of second home tourism on improving the environmental conditions of villages in the central part of Taleghan city (Iran) has been investigated. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected in the field and non-field. The research tool is a questionnaire that validity and reliability have been confirmed through Delphi technique and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After collecting and processing the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. SPSS software has been used to answer the research hypotheses and to perform calculations. The findings show that second home tourism has been able to have positive effects in improving the environmental conditions in the lives of villagers. tourism of second homes in the village leads to the development of villages and development of green spaces and collection of sewage and garbage of villagers and stabilization and improvement of rural housing, improving the condition of roads and beautification with rural landscapes, improving the environment and physical development of villages and creating educational and communication facilities, improving health services in the village, improving the quality of rural roads, improving worn-out rural structures and establishing the facilities and services required by the village

Educational review on the effect of tourism on the improvement of the environmental conditions of the towns of the city of Taleghan (Iran)

In this study, the effect of second home tourism on improving the environmental conditions of villages in the central part of Taleghan city (Iran) has been investigated. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the required information has been collected in the field and non-field. The research tool is a questionnaire that validity and reliability have been confirmed through Delphi technique and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After collecting and processing the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. SPSS software has been used to answer the research hypotheses and to perform calculations. The findings show that second home tourism has been able to have positive effects in improving the environmental conditions in the lives of villagers. tourism of second homes in the village leads to the development of villages and development of green spaces and collection of sewage and garbage of villagers and stabilization and improvement of rural housing, improving the condition of roads and beautification with rural landscapes, improving the environment and physical development of villages and creating educational and communication facilities, improving health services in the village, improving the quality of rural roads, improving worn-out rural structures and establishing the facilities and services required by the village

Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1 and artemisinin-based combination therapy in Africa

Plasmodium falciparum response mechanisms to the major artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are largely unknown. Multidrug-resistance protein (MRP)-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters are known to be related to multidrug resistance in many organisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that sequence variation in pfmrp1 can contribute to decreased parasite sensitivity to ACT. Through sequencing of the pfmrp1 open reading frame for 103 geographically diverse P. falciparum infections, we identified 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 21 were nonsynonymous and 6 synonymous. Analyses of clinical efficacy trials with artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine detected a specific selection of the globally prevalent I876V SNP in recurrent infections after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. Additional in silico studies suggested an influence of variation in amino acid 876 on the ATP hydrolysis cycle of pfMRP1 with potential impact on protein functionality. Our data suggest for the first time, to our knowledge, the involvement of pfMRP1 in P. falciparum in vivo response to ACT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Detection of tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and coagulase gene typing of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in the Southwest of Iran

Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to determine the aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) encoded genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and the coa based typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the Southwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was carried out by agar disk diffusion methods. Two sets of multiplex PCR mixture were used for detection of AME genes and tet genes.  All of the isolates were typed with the coagulase gene typing method. Of the 121 isolates, 29.75% and 47.93% were resistant to at least one aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, respectively. Results: The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'') was the most frequent gene (97.22%), and aph (3')-IIIa and ant (4')-Ia genes were detected in 61.11% and 11.11% of aminoglycoside resistant isolates, respectively. The tetK and tetM genes were detected in 82.75% and 56.9% of tetracycline resistant isolates, respectively. Overall 31.4% of isolates were MRSA. Totally 17 distinct coa gene RFLP patterns, numbered C1 to C17, were observed.  The C5 was the most frequent coa type with 31 isolates. Conclusion: The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'') and aph (3')-IIIa genes were the most important genes contributing to aminoglycosides resistance, while resistance to tetracyclines was mediated by tetK and tetM genes. Interestingly all S. aureus with C5 as the most prevalent coa-type were resistant to at least one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics and tetracycline simultaneously. Moreover, 30 out of 31 isolates with this coa type were MRSA, indicating the importance of the C5 coa-type in MRSA strains and also in isolates that were resistant to aminoglycosides and tetracycline

Characterization of the Viral Microbiome in Patients with Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Using Metagenomic Sequencing

The human respiratory tract is heavily exposed to microorganisms. Viral respiratory tract pathogens, like RSV, influenza and rhinoviruses cause major morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract disease. Furthermore, as viruses have limited means of transmission, viruses that cause pathogenicity in other tissues may be transmitted through the respiratory tract. It is therefore important to chart the human virome in this compartment. We have studied nasopharyngeal aspirate samples submitted to the Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden from March 2004 to May 2005 for diagnosis of respiratory tract infections. We have used a metagenomic sequencing strategy to characterize viruses, as this provides the most unbiased view of the samples. Virus enrichment followed by 454 sequencing resulted in totally 703,790 reads and 110,931 of these were found to be of viral origin by using an automated classification pipeline. The snapshot of the respiratory tract virome of these 210 patients revealed 39 species and many more strains of viruses. Most of the viral sequences were classified into one of three major families; Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae or Orthomyxoviridae. The study also identified one novel type of Rhinovirus C, and identified a number of previously undescribed viral genetic fragments of unknown origin

Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. Here we perform a comparative analysis of skin microbial communities coupled to global patterns of cutaneous gene expression in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. The skin microbiota is analysed by 16S amplicon or whole genome sequencing and the skin transcriptome by microarrays, followed by integration of the data layers. We find that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be classified by distinct microbes, which differ from healthy volunteers microbiome composition. Atopic dermatitis is dominated by a single microbe (Staphylococcus aureus), and associated with a disease relevant host transcriptomic signature enriched for skin barrier function, tryptophan metabolism and immune activation. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by co-occurring communities of microbes with weak associations with disease related gene expression. Our work provides a basis for biomarker discovery and targeted therapies in skin dysbiosis.Peer reviewe

Opportunistic infections in mice infected with LP-BM5 murine retrovirus on a binge ethanol diet.

A murine model of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) for study of immunomodulatory effects of alcohol on opportunistic infection was developed. C57BL-6 female mice were infected with murine retrovirus, LP-BM5. Mice were fed a liquid diet containing alcohol which produced withdrawal upon cessation. Controls were fed the diet with sucrose replacing ethanol. Dramatic differences were observed in spleen weight and thymus weight, but not body weight in virus infected or virus infected mice fed the alcohol diet. Ethanol suppressed the numbers of T-cells and macrophages. There was significant changes due to virus infection with and without alcohol treatment in T-subsets, B-cells and macrophages. However none were seen due to ethanol in uninfected controls. Alcohol further suppressed immune functions in retrovirally infected mice beyond that caused by the virus. Some mice were challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cryptosporodium. Adult mice that had been infected with LP-BM5 virus for 3, 4, or 5 months, when challenged by the oral route with Cryptosporidium, exhibited significant colonization on the intestinal villiae by this organism 10 days following oral challenge. Control mice did not show any oocyst in the villiae after 10 days following oral challenge. Resistance to S. pneumoniae was significantly reduced by retroviral infection, but not by short-term, binge, exposure to dietary ethanol. After 38 days of LP-BM5 infection, the virus infected alcohol fed group showed the shortest survival. The effects of immunization to S. pneumoniae antigens, as well as adoptively transferred cells in virally infected mice were studied. Survival of the mice to S. pneumoniae were influenced by different immunizations. The virus infected group had a much faster death rate in comparison than longer surviving unifected controls. Immunization played an important role in delaying the death rate in all treated groups. Transferring normal spleen cells from healthy, unimmunized mice also enabled the retrovirally infected mice to survive the bacterial infection longer than unimmunized, but retrovirally infected mice. This indicated the potential to enhance resistance by immunization and the transfer of immunocompetent cells to a system, immunosuppressed by retroviral infection. Clearly, retroviral infection modulates resistance with additional effects of ethanol. This model further expands and defines LP-BM5 infection as a murine model of retrovirally induced immune deficiency

Avaliação do desempenho dos municípios rurais (Dehyari) na realização da sustentabilidade social das aldeias Estudo de caso da parte central da cidade de Nimroz, no Sistão

In recent decades, social sustainability has become the center of many researchers and planners’ attention. In this regard, one of the main approaches to achieve social sustainability is paying attention to the role of rural municipalities. Regarding the importance of this subject, the current study aimed to evaluate the rural municipalities’ performance in the achievement of social sustainability in the Central District of Nimrouz County. The current study is of applied type in terms of objective and it is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of methodology. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interviews, and the statistical population included the rural households in the central district of Nimrouz County. The data were analyzed by the One-Sample t-test and the variance analysis and multivariable regression were also used to evaluate the rural governor’s (Dehtar) performance. The results indicated that rural governors’ performance in the social sustainability of the villages under study has managed to grab local villagers’ satisfaction and it was at an appropriate level.Nas últimas décadas, a sustentabilidade social tornou-se o centro da atenção de muitos pesquisadores e planejadores. Nesse sentido, uma das principais abordagens para alcançar a sustentabilidade social é prestar atenção ao papel dos municípios rurais. Com relação à importância desse assunto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos municípios rurais na conquista da sustentabilidade social no Distrito Central do Condado de Nimrouz. O presente estudo é do tipo aplicado em termos de objetivo e é do tipo descritivo-analítico em termos de metodologia. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram questionários e entrevistas, e a população estatística incluiu os domicílios rurais no distrito central do condado de Nimrouz. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de uma amostra e a análise de variância e a regressão multivariável também foram usadas para avaliar o desempenho do governador rural (Dehtar). Os resultados indicaram que o desempenho dos governadores rurais na sustentabilidade social das aldeias em estudo conseguiu atrair a satisfação dos moradores locais e estava em um nível apropriado

Chylous ascites as a rare complication of abdominal trauma in a 7‐year‐old girl: A case report

Key Clinical Message Abdominal trauma can be one of the causes of chylous ascites in pediatric cases, along with tuberculosis and malignancy. However, a definitive diagnosis is more reasonable to be done by excluding other causes. Abstract Chylous ascites (CA) is a rare type of ascites. Though it has high mortality and morbidity rates, which usually happen due to the rupture of lymph vessels into the peritoneal cavity. Congenital abnormalities, including lymphatic hypoplasia or dysplasia, are the most causes in pediatrics. CA following trauma in children is very rare, and to the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports in this regard. Here, we report a 7‐year‐old girl who was referred to our center with CA after a car accident