Protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium on Mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity

زمینه و هدف: ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی موجود در گیاهان دارویی نماینده های مناسبی برای حفاظت در برابر مسمومیت ناشی از آلاینده های صنعتی هستند. در تحقیق حاضر اثر حفاظتی عصاره آبی الکلی برگ گیاه کلپوره (Teucrium polium) بر مسمومیت کلیوی ناشی از کلرید جیوه ارزیابی گردید. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی از 28 سر موش سوری نر استفاده شد. حیوانات به طور تصادفی در 4 گروه شاهد، گروه دریافت کننده کلرید جیوه، گروه دریافت کننده کلرید جیوه همراه با عصاره کلپوره و گروه دریافت کننده عصاره کلپوره تقسیم شدند. دوزهای کلرید جیوه و عصاره کلپوره به ترتیب mg/kg 5/1 و mg/kg 200 روزانه به مدت 8 روز به صورت داخل صفاقی تزریق شدند. در پایان، نمونه‌های خونی تهیه و مسمومیت کلیوی توسط اندازه‌گیری غلظت سرمی اوره و کراتینین با استفاده از روش اسپکتروفتومتری و کیت‌های اختصاصی بطور غیر مستقیم اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و متعاقب آن تست Tukey در نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته ها: کلرید جیوه سبب افزایش معنی داری در غلظت سرمی اوره و کراتینین در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شد (05/0

Comparing the Results of two Cost Sharing Approaches in Calculating the Cost of Hospital Services: a case study

Background & Objectives: Calculation of hospital services costs, especially the allocated costs, is a complicated process due to the great number of hospital services, as well as the interdependence between different centers. Considering the interrelationships between all departments in the hospital, cost analysis is possible only through the mutul sharing approach, which can provide more accurate information for researchers and managers in order to decide on a costs analysis. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study that was conducted in 2017 in a selected educational hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was done through observation, interview and investigating financial documents. After identifying the active centers and the appropriate cost drivers, the cost of important services in final sectors was calculated by using two methods of one-way sharing and mutual sharing through simultaneous equations. Results: In comparison of one-way and mutaul sharing approach, all overhead, intermediate and total costs showed deviation. The greatest deviation between these two approaches was found in the parturition and ophthalmology departments and related to the cesarean with 16 million rials and the lacrimal duct cathetering with 13 million rials, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that if hospitals managers calculate their services costs by activity-based cost and through mutual cost sharing approach, they can benefit from the correct costreportings and by having a clear image can make management decisions appropriately. Key¬words: Activity-based costing, One-way sharing, Mutual sharing, Teaching hospital Citation: Alipour V , Rezapour A , Meshkani Z, Farabi H, Mazdaki A, Hakimi N. Comparing the Results of two Cost Sharing Approaches in Calculating the Cost of Hospital Services: a case study. Journal of Health Based Research 2018; 4(3): 273-87. [In Persian

Actual Costs of Residency Training in Teaching Hospitals: A Case of Iran

Background: There was a challenge for teaching hospitals to accept residents for educational goals due to their training costs. Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the actual costs of residency training in hospitals for policymaking, budgetary impact, and negotiation. Methods: This retrospective study was performed in eight teaching hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. Two scenarios were designed to estimate the costs of education per resident. All of the resources used by residents in the hospitals were identified. Cost items attributed to the training goals were allocated to the internal medicine and surgical fields; however, for cost items that were used for treatment and education, such as disposables and consumables and equipment, the cost drivers were used. Therefore, the difference between the scenarios was related to the cost drivers. Results: Overall, the selected hospitals had spent $586,720.35 and$ 572,358.10 based on scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The residency training per surgical resident in the hospitals was about 1.2 times higher than an internal medicine resident. Surgery, neurology, urology, and anesthesiology were the f ields with the highest costs in the hospitals. Conclusion: Although residency training accounts for a large proportion of hospital costs, employing residents reduces the costs of human resources. Monitoring and controlling costs, as well as resource quotas for resident training, can be a way to reduce educational course costs in hospitals. Universities can cover some parts of the educational costs to motivate hospitals to make an appropriate setting for residents. Keywords: Cost Analyses, Academic Medical Centers, Internship and Residenc

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Evaluation of Persulfate / UV advanced oxidation process in disinfection of municipal wastewater

Background: Recent research has shown that an Advanced Oxidation Process known as Persulfate/UV, has a high capability in removing of persistent organic pollutants. Given that the advantages of this process are limited production of harmful byproducts and strong ability for degradation of persistent organic thus it seems this process be also suitable for disinfection of municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents. Materials & Methods: After collection, the effluent samples were transferred to the lab. Then the disinfection experiments were carried out in a 1 L sterile reactor with 0.5 L of sample and various doses were injected. The direct method was used to measure the microbial populations (thermo-tolerant coliforms). Results: The result of this research indicated that Persulfate and UV irradiation cannot be able to meet the needs of thermo tolerant coliforms inactivation, but simultaneous using of them (Persulfate/UV) could inactivated approximately 5 logs thermo-tolerant coliforms (Persulfate dose <30 mM). While Persulfate (without UV irradiation) even with 300 mM could inactivated less than 3 logs thermo-tolerant coliforms. Conclusion: The results of this research show UV irradiation has a strong synergistic effect on persulfate disinfection efficiency. Due to the restriction of the use of sulfur compounds in wastewater treatment, it seems that the use of UV irradiation with less amounts of persulfate can largely improve this restriction and significantly reduce the economic and environmental impact of traditional disinfectants. Keywords Persulfate; thermo-tolerant coliforms; free radicals; UV; disinfectio

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

International audienceAbstract Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance