36 research outputs found
New contributions to heavy-quarkonium production
We reconsider quarkonium production in a field-theoretical setting and we
show that the lowest-order mechanism for heavy-quarkonium production receives
in general contributions from two different cuts. The first one corresponds to
the usual colour-singlet mechanism. The second one has not been considered so
far. We treat it in a gauge-invariant manner, and introduce new 4-point
vertices, suggestive of the colour-octet mechanism. These new objects enable us
to go beyond the static approximation. We show that the contribution of the new
cut can be as large as the usual colour-singlet mechanism at high transverse
momentum for J/psi. In the psi' case, theoretical uncertainties are shown to be
large and agreement with data is possible.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, LaTeX. References updated, typo fixed,
discussion of the scale dependence, minor corrections to the tex
Hadron Structure on the Lattice
A few chosen nucleon properties are described from a lattice QCD perspective:
the nucleon sigma term and the scalar strangeness in the nucleon; the vector
form factors in the nucleon, including the vector strangeness contribution, as
well as parity breaking effects like the anapole and electric dipole moment;
and finally the axial and tensor charges of the nucleon. The status of the
lattice calculations is presented and their potential impact on phenomenology
is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures; proceedings of the Conclusive Symposium of the
Collaborative Research Center 443 "Many-body structure of strongly
interacting systems", Mainz, February 23-25, 201
Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution/Fragmentation Functions at an Electron-Ion Collider
We present a summary of a recent workshop held at Duke University on Partonic
Transverse Momentum in Hadrons: Quark Spin-Orbit Correlations and Quark-Gluon
Interactions. The transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions
(TMDs), parton-to-hadron fragmentation functions, and multi-parton correlation
functions, were discussed extensively at the Duke workshop. In this paper, we
summarize first the theoretical issues concerning the study of partonic
structure of hadrons at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) with emphasis on
the TMDs. We then present simulation results on experimental studies of TMDs
through measurements of single spin asymmetries (SSA) from semi-inclusive
deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes with an EIC, and discuss the
requirement of the detector for SIDIS measurements. The dynamics of parton
correlations in the nucleon is further explored via a study of SSA in D (`D)
production at large transverse momenta with the aim of accessing the unexplored
tri-gluon correlation functions. The workshop participants identified the SSA
measurements in SIDIS as a golden program to study TMDs in both the sea and
valence quark regions and to study the role of gluons, with the Sivers
asymmetry measurements as examples. Such measurements will lead to major
advancement in our understanding of TMDs in the valence quark region, and more
importantly also allow for the investigation of TMDs in the sea quark region
along with a study of their evolution.Comment: 44 pages 23 figures, summary of Duke EIC workshop on TMDs accepted by
EPJ
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
Gluons and the quark sea at high energies: distributions, polarization, tomography
This report is based on a ten-week program on "Gluons and the quark sea at
high-energies", which took place at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle
in Fall 2010. The principal aim of the program was to develop and sharpen the
science case for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a facility that will be able
to collide electrons and positrons with polarized protons and with light to
heavy nuclei at high energies, offering unprecedented possibilities for
in-depth studies of quantum chromodynamics. This report is organized around
four major themes: i) the spin and flavor structure of the proton, ii)
three-dimensional structure of nucleons and nuclei in momentum and
configuration space, iii) QCD matter in nuclei, and iv) Electroweak physics and
the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Beginning with an executive
summary, the report contains tables of key measurements, chapter overviews for
each of the major scientific themes, and detailed individual contributions on
various aspects of the scientific opportunities presented by an EIC.Comment: 547 pages, A report on the joint BNL/INT/Jlab program on the science
case for an Electron-Ion Collider, September 13 to November 19, 2010,
Institute for Nuclear Theory, Seattle; v2 with minor changes, matches printed
versio
Physically Similar Systems - A History of the Concept
PreprintThe concept of similar systems arose in physics, and appears to have originated with Newton in the
seventeenth century. This chapter provides a critical history of the concept of physically similar
systems, the twentieth century concept into which it developed. The concept was used in the
nineteenth century in various fields of engineering (Froude, Bertrand, Reech), theoretical physics (van
der Waals, Onnes, Lorentz, Maxwell, Boltzmann) and theoretical and experimental hydrodynamics
(Stokes, Helmholtz, Reynolds, Prandtl, Rayleigh). In 1914, it was articulated in terms of ideas
developed in the eighteenth century and used in nineteenth century mathematics and mechanics:
equations, functions and dimensional analysis. The terminology physically similar systems was
proposed for this new characterization of similar systems by the physicist Edgar Buckingham.
Related work by Vaschy, Bertrand, and Riabouchinsky had appeared by then. The concept is very
powerful in studying physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. As it is not currently
part of the core curricula of STEM disciplines or philosophy of science, it is not as well known as it
ought to be
Effects of diet, temperature and photoperiod on development and survival of the bigeyed bug, Geocoris lubra
Bigeyed bugs (Geocoris spp., Hemiptera: Geocoridae) are common predators in Australian agricultural crops yet the development and reproductive biology of Australian geocorids has not been described before. Here we present the effects of diet, temperature and photoperiod on the development and survival of Geocoris lubra Kirkaldy from egg to adult. Nymphal survival of G. lubra reared on live aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) was very low but improved slightly on a diet of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) eggs. Development was faster and nymphal survival improved significantly at 27 degrees C compared with 25 degrees C. Further investigation at 27 degrees C showed photoperiod influenced development time, but not survival of immature G. lubra. Development time was significantly longer at 10L:14D. Fecundity of first generation G. lubra was not affected by photoperiod, although egg viability was greater at 12L:12D
Flight movement and spatial distribution of immunomarked thrips in onion, potato, and tomato
The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial distribution of thrips in different crops, and the correlation between meterological parameters and the flight movements of this pest, using immunomarking. The experiment was conducted in cultivated areas, with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and onion (Allium cepa); and non-cultivated areas, with weedy plants. The areas with tomato (100 days), potato (20 days), and weeds were sprayed with casein, albumin, and soy milk, respectively, to mark adult thrips; however, the areas with onion (50 days) and tomato (10 days) were not sprayed. Thrips were captured with georeferenced blue sticky traps, transferred into tubes, and identified by treatment area with the Elisa test. The dependence between the samples and the capture distance was determined using geostatistics. Meteorlogical parameters were correlated with thrips density in each area. The three protein types used for immunomarking were detected in different proportions in the thrips. There was a correlation between casein-marked thrips and wind speed. The thrips flew a maximum distance of 3.5 km and dispersed from the older (tomato) to the younger crops (potato). The immunomarking method is efficient to mark large quantities of thrips