65 research outputs found

    The alleged stability of the labour share of income in macroeconomic theories of income distribution

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    The labour share of income in national product has shown a declining trend in many advanced economies over the past 30 years. However, many economists still hold the view that the wage share remains almost constant in the long run. The notion of the relative stability of the wage share in the long run is considers to be a stylized fact or even sometimes called a “law of economics”. This paper attempts to show how the alleged stability of the labour share of income became known as one of the “great magnitudes in economics”. It also shows how this “law” made its way into the three major theories of macroeconomic income distribution, i.e. neoclassical, post-Keynesian, and Kaleckian distribution theory. Since the data show strong fluctuation of aggregate income shares over the long run, the conclusion is reached that the major macroeconomic theories of growth and distribution are built around an invalid – or at least highly questionable – assumption about the real world.

    Dienstleistungen: Motor fĂŒr Wachstum und BeschĂ€ftigung in Deutschland?

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    Der Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Bedeutung, die die unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen fĂŒr die Wirtschaft und die BeschĂ€ftigung in Deutschland haben. Dienstleistungsunternehmen, die Vorleistungen fĂŒr andere Unternehmen erstellen, zeichneten sich bereits in der Vergangenheit durch eine hohe Dynamik aus. Statistisch zugeordnet werden die unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen dem Sektor Sonstige Dienstleistungsunternehmen, ĂŒber den kaum disaggregierte Daten vorliegen. In dieser Arbeit wird das vorhandene Material aufbereitet und dargestellt. Außerdem werden die Entwicklungsperspektiven der Branchen der Sonstigen Dienstleistungen diskutiert. Entscheidende GrĂŒnde, die zum generellen Bedeutungsgewinn von Dienstleistungen beitragen werden, sind die erwarteten VerĂ€nderungen auf der Nachfrage- und der Angebotsseite. Dazu gehören unter anderem die VerĂ€nderungen der Produktions- und Vorleistungsstrukturen, die zunehmende ProduktkomplexitĂ€t, verĂ€nderte KundenwĂŒnsche und der Trend zur Globalisierung. Hinzu kommen der technische Fortschritt im Bereich der Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologien und die weiteren Verbesserungen der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Diese Faktoren lassen einen krĂ€ftigen Nachfrageschub zugunsten der unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen erwarten und gestalten insbesondere die Perspektiven fĂŒr unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen in Deutschland weiterhin positiv

    Dienstleistungen: Motor fĂŒr Wachstum und BeschĂ€ftigung in Deutschland?

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    Der Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Bedeutung, die die unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen fĂŒr die Wirtschaft und die BeschĂ€ftigung in Deutschland haben. Dienstleistungsunternehmen, die Vorleistungen fĂŒr andere Unternehmen erstellen, zeichneten sich bereits in der Vergangenheit durch eine hohe Dynamik aus. Statistisch zugeordnet werden die unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen dem Sektor Sonstige Dienstleistungsunternehmen, ĂŒber den kaum disaggregierte Daten vorliegen. In dieser Arbeit wird das vorhandene Material aufbereitet und dargestellt. Außerdem werden die Entwicklungsperspektiven der Branchen der Sonstigen Dienstleistungen diskutiert. Entscheidende GrĂŒnde, die zum generellen Bedeutungsgewinn von Dienstleistungen beitragen werden, sind die erwarteten VerĂ€nderungen auf der Nachfrage- und der Angebotsseite. Dazu gehören unter anderem die VerĂ€nderungen der Produktions- und Vorleistungsstrukturen, die zunehmende ProduktkomplexitĂ€t, verĂ€nderte KundenwĂŒnsche und der Trend zur Globalisierung. Hinzu kommen der technische Fortschritt im Bereich der Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologien und die weiteren Verbesserungen der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Diese Faktoren lassen einen krĂ€ftigen Nachfrageschub zugunsten der unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen erwarten und gestalten insbesondere die Perspektiven fĂŒr unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen in Deutschland weiterhin positiv. --

    Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century

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    The economy of the 21st century in the OECD countries and in China, is characterized by a new phenomenon: the structural surplus of private savings in relation to private investment. This is true even in a situation of prosperity and very low interest rates. On the one hand, this excess saving is due to people's increasing inclination to save in light of rising life expectancy, driven by the desire to have sufficient assets in old age. On the other hand, the demand for capital is not increasing to the same extent, so that investment is not keeping pace with the rising desire to save. The resulting gap between the private desire for wealth and private investment can only be closed by increasing public debt. This open access book offers a new, capital-theoretical perspective on the macroeconomic relationship between desired wealth and investment, and it presents new empirical data on private wealth and its composition in the OECD plus China area. The authors argue that a free economic and social order can only be stabilized if the wealth aspirations of individuals are met under conditions of price stability. This is not possible without substantial net public debt. A new way of thinking about the economy as a whole is required. By way of an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis, the book demonstrates this new way of thinking and describes the current challenges facing economic policy. It will appeal to economists and students of economics who are interested in macroeconomic theory and its economic policy implications. An impressive, and convincing theoretical dive into the fundamentals behind secular stagnation, with very strong implications for actual debt policy. Public debt may be needed to improve welfare. - Olivier Blanchard, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Professor of Economics Emeritus at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund from 2008 to 2015. Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century gives a wholly new perspective on macroeconomics. (...) Weiz­sÀcker and KrÀmer describe a simple, practical solution to the underemployment that has plagued Southern Europe for more than a decade. - George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2001. Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a profound and original contribution that can help us to understand and act on the great issues of our times. - Nicholas Stern, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics. Author of the Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change. Chief Economist at the World Bank from 2000 to 2003

    Designed Metal-ATCUN Derivatives: Redox- and Non-redox-Based Applications Relevant for Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine

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    UID/QUI/50006/2019The designed "ATCUN'' motif (amino-terminal copper and nickel binding site) is a replica of naturally occurring ATCUN site found in many proteins/peptides, and an attractive platform for multiple applications, which include nucleases, proteases, spectroscopic probes, imaging, and small molecule activation. ATCUN motifs are engineered at periphery by conjugation to recombinant proteins, peptides, fluorophores, or recognition domains through chemically or genetically, fulfilling the needs of various biological relevance and a wide range of practical usages. This chemistry has witnessed significant growth over the last few decades and several interesting ATCUN derivatives have been described. The redox role of the ATCUN moieties is also an important aspect to be considered. The redox potential of designed M-ATCUN derivatives is modulated by judicious choice of amino acid (including stereochemistry, charge, and position) that ultimately leads to the catalytic efficiency. In this context, a wide range of M-ATCUN derivatives have been designed purposefully for various redox- and non-redox-based applications, including spectroscopic probes, target-based catalytic metallodrugs, inhibition of amyloid-beta toxicity, and telomere shortening, enzyme inactivation, biomolecules stitching or modification, next-generation antibiotic, and small molecule activation.publishersversionpublishe
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