26 research outputs found

    Predictive Factors of Suicide Attempt and Non-Suicidal Self-Harm in Emergency Department

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    Introduction: Suicide is the third cause of mortality in America, second leading cause of death in developed countries, and one of the major health problems. Self-harm is self-inflicted damage to one’s self with or without suicidal intent. In the present study, the predictive factors of suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm were evaluated in patients referred to emergency department (ED) with these problem. Methods: The total number of 45 patients with suicide attempt or self-harm admitted to ED were included. Clinical symptoms, thoughts and behaviors of suicidal, and non-suicidal self-harm in these patients were evaluated at baseline. Suicidality, suicidal intent and ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, social withdrawal, disruptive behavior, and poor family functions were evaluated at admission time. Brief clinical visits were scheduled for the twelfth weeks. In the twelfth week, patients returned for their final visit to determine their maintenance treatment. Finally data were analyzed using chi-squared and multiple logistic regression. Results: Forty five patients were included in the study (56.1% female). The mean age of patients was 23.3±10.2 years (range: 15-75; 33.3% married). Significant association of suicide and self-injury was presented at the baseline and in the month before attempting (p=0.001). The most important predictive factors of suicide and self-harm based on univariate analysis were depression (suicidal and non-suicidal items of Hamilton depression rating scale), anxiety, hopelessness, younger age, history of non-suicidal self-harm and female gender (p<0.05). The participants’ quality of life analysis showed a significant higher quality in physical component summary (p=0.002), mental component summary (p=0.001), and general health (p=0.001) at follow up period. Conclusion: At the time of admission in ED, suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm are subsequent clinical markers for the patient attempting suicide again. The most independent predictive factors of suicide attempt and self-harm were poor family function, hopelessness, non-suicidality items of Hamilton depression rating scale, history of non-suicidal self-harm, and anxiety disorders

    Blindness in children at the Ida Rieu school for the blind and deaf

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    Objective: To identify the causes of blindness at the Ida Rieu school for the blind and deaf, Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Ida Rieu School for the blind and deaf. The data collected from medical record of students was entered into the WHO/PBL eye examination form for children with blindness and low vision.Results: Records of 144 pupils aged between 4-30 years were reviewed, including 67% males and 33% females. One third (31%) children had visual impairment (\u3c 6/18-6/60) and 69% were blind (\u3c 3/60-NPL). The commonest anatomical site was retina (41%) and whole globe (20%). The etiology was unknown in 49% cases. In 33% of cases, the data suggested hereditary cause as the etiology, 40% of cases were preventable and 13% treatable.CONCLUSION: Avoidable causes of blindness were seenin 53% of children, 58% of which were preventable and 19 were treatable

    Recovery of metallo-tolerant and antibiotic resistant psychrophilic bacteria from Siachen glacier, Pakistan

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    Cultureable bacterial diversity of previously unexplored Siachen glacier, Pakistan, was studied. Out of 50 isolates 33 (66%) were Gram negative and 17 (34%) Gram positive. About half of the isolates were pigment producers and were able to grow at 4-37°C. 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed Gram negative bacteria dominated by Proteobacteria (especially Îł-proteobacteria and ÎČ-proteobacteria) and Flavobacteria. The genus Pseudomonas (51.51%, 17) was dominant among Îł- proteobacteria. ÎČ-proteobacteria constituted 4 (12.12%) Alcaligenes and 4 (12.12%) Janthinobacterium strains. Among Gram positive bacteria, phylum Actinobacteria, Rhodococcus (23.52%, 4) and Arthrobacter (23.52%, 4) were the dominating genra. Other bacteria belonged to Phylum Firmicutes with representative genus Carnobacterium (11.76%, 2) and 4 isolates represented 4 genera Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus and Planomicrobium. Most of the Gram negative bacteria were moderate halophiles, while most of the Gram positives were extreme halophiles and were able to grow up to 6.12 M of NaCl. More than 2/3 of the isolates showed antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus and ATCC strains. Gram positive bacteria (94.11%) were more resistant to heavy metals as compared to Gram negative (78.79%) and showed maximum tolerance against iron and least tolerance against mercury

    Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

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    Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

    Vad Àr viktigast, att rekrytera rÀtt eller att tillfredsstÀlla kunden? : En kvalitativ studie om upplevelser och erfarenheter kring hantering av diskriminering i rekryteringsprocessen hos rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen

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    Syftet med föreliggande studie Àr att undersöka hur rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen hanterar kraven kring diskriminering i sina processer. Rekryteringsprocessen Àr den var rekryteraren förser organisationerna med arbetskraft. Precis som alla andra mÀnskliga interaktioner Äterfinns risken för att bÀra pÄ fördomar som kan leda till diskriminering i processen. Det Àr inte bara av vikt för organisationer att rekryteringsprocessen sker pÄ ett diskrimineringsfritt sÀtt pÄ grund av de krav som infinner sig i samhÀllet utan Àven för att uppvisa legitimitet. Genom att uppvisa legitimitet kan företagen etablera sig i det organisatoriska fÀltet. Rekryteringsförfarandet Àr dÀrav en viktig process som bör utföras pÄ korrekta grunder. Rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen ansvarar för rekryteringen Ät andra företag utan att ha det slutgiltiga ordet gÀllande tillsÀttandet av kandidater. SÄledes behöver rekryterarna behaga kundens önskemÄl samtidigt som de mÄste utföra sitt arbete korrekt. Denna studie vill undersöka hur rekryterare gÄr tillvÀga för att undgÄ diskriminering samt hur dess handlingsutrymme upplevs gentemot kundens önskemÄl i rekryteringsprocessen. Med hÀnsyn till studiens syfte har en kvalitativ ansats tillÀmpats med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att fÄnga rekryterarnas arbetssÀtt och upplevda handlingsutrymme. Materialet som utvunnits analyserades utifrÄn den nyinstitutionella teorins ramverk. Resultaten visade att rekryterarna har flertal tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt för att undvika diskriminering dÀr majoriteten uppgav att hÄrda kompetenser bör ligga till grund för en objektiv bedömning. Handlingsutrymmet upplevs vara befintligt i urvalsprocessen men varierande beroende pÄ uppdrag och kund. Inget handlingsutrymme upplevs av rekryterarna i tillsÀttandet av kandidater. Vidare diskuteras resultatet och analysen i förhÄllande till tidigare forskning med utgÄngspunkt i studiens syfte och frÄgestÀllningar. Slutligen ges praktiska implikationer för eventuella utmaningar som kan ligga till grund för förbÀttringsomrÄden samt inspiration till vidare forskning

    Vad Àr viktigast, att rekrytera rÀtt eller att tillfredsstÀlla kunden? : En kvalitativ studie om upplevelser och erfarenheter kring hantering av diskriminering i rekryteringsprocessen hos rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen

    No full text
    Syftet med föreliggande studie Àr att undersöka hur rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen hanterar kraven kring diskriminering i sina processer. Rekryteringsprocessen Àr den var rekryteraren förser organisationerna med arbetskraft. Precis som alla andra mÀnskliga interaktioner Äterfinns risken för att bÀra pÄ fördomar som kan leda till diskriminering i processen. Det Àr inte bara av vikt för organisationer att rekryteringsprocessen sker pÄ ett diskrimineringsfritt sÀtt pÄ grund av de krav som infinner sig i samhÀllet utan Àven för att uppvisa legitimitet. Genom att uppvisa legitimitet kan företagen etablera sig i det organisatoriska fÀltet. Rekryteringsförfarandet Àr dÀrav en viktig process som bör utföras pÄ korrekta grunder. Rekryterare inom konsult- och bemanningsbranschen ansvarar för rekryteringen Ät andra företag utan att ha det slutgiltiga ordet gÀllande tillsÀttandet av kandidater. SÄledes behöver rekryterarna behaga kundens önskemÄl samtidigt som de mÄste utföra sitt arbete korrekt. Denna studie vill undersöka hur rekryterare gÄr tillvÀga för att undgÄ diskriminering samt hur dess handlingsutrymme upplevs gentemot kundens önskemÄl i rekryteringsprocessen. Med hÀnsyn till studiens syfte har en kvalitativ ansats tillÀmpats med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att fÄnga rekryterarnas arbetssÀtt och upplevda handlingsutrymme. Materialet som utvunnits analyserades utifrÄn den nyinstitutionella teorins ramverk. Resultaten visade att rekryterarna har flertal tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt för att undvika diskriminering dÀr majoriteten uppgav att hÄrda kompetenser bör ligga till grund för en objektiv bedömning. Handlingsutrymmet upplevs vara befintligt i urvalsprocessen men varierande beroende pÄ uppdrag och kund. Inget handlingsutrymme upplevs av rekryterarna i tillsÀttandet av kandidater. Vidare diskuteras resultatet och analysen i förhÄllande till tidigare forskning med utgÄngspunkt i studiens syfte och frÄgestÀllningar. Slutligen ges praktiska implikationer för eventuella utmaningar som kan ligga till grund för förbÀttringsomrÄden samt inspiration till vidare forskning
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