158 research outputs found
Efficient and precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MECP2 modifications in human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Patients with Rett syndrome (RTT) have severe mental and physical disabilities. The majority of RTT patients carry a heterozygous mutation in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), an X-linked gene encoding an epigenetic factor crucial for normal nerve cell function. No curative therapy for RTT syndrome exists, and cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system that targets and corrects the disease relevant regions of the MECP2 exon 4 coding sequence. We achieved homologous recombination (HR) efficiencies of 20% to 30% in human cell lines and iPSCs. Furthermore, we successfully introduced a MECP2(R270X) mutation into the MECP2 gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Consequently, using CRISPR/Cas9, we were able to repair such mutations with high efficiency in human mutant iPSCs. In summary, we provide a new strategy for MECP2 gene targeting that can be potentially translated into gene therapy or for iPSCs-based disease modeling of RTT syndrome
A single-photon transistor using nano-scale surface plasmons
It is well known that light quanta (photons) can interact with each other in
nonlinear media, much like massive particles do, but in practice these
interactions are usually very weak. Here we describe a novel approach to
realize strong nonlinear interactions at the single-photon level. Our method
makes use of recently demonstrated efficient coupling between individual
optical emitters and tightly confined, propagating surface plasmon excitations
on conducting nanowires. We show that this system can act as a nonlinear
two-photon switch for incident photons propagating along the nanowire, which
can be coherently controlled using quantum optical techniques. As a novel
application, we discuss how the interaction can be tailored to create a
single-photon transistor, where the presence or absence of a single incident
photon in a ``gate'' field is sufficient to completely control the propagation
of subsequent ``signal'' photons.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Excessive fuel availability amplifies the FTO-mediated obesity risk: results from the TUEF and Whitehall II studies
Globally altered epigenetic landscape and delayed osteogenic differentiation in H3.3-G34W-mutant giant cell tumor of bone
Consumer Neuroscience-Based Metrics Predict Recall, Liking and Viewing Rates in Online Advertising
[EN] The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the effectiveness of a new ad on digital channels (YouTube) can be predicted by using neural networks and neuroscience-based metrics (brain response, heart rate variability and eye tracking). Neurophysiological records from 35 participants were exposed to 8 relevant TV Super Bowl commercials. Correlations between neurophysiological-based metrics, ad recall, ad liking, the ACE metrix score and the number of views on YouTube during a year were investigated. Our findings suggest a significant correlation between neuroscience metrics and self-reported of ad effectiveness and the direct number of views on the YouTube channel. In addition, and using an artificial neural network based on neuroscience metrics, the model classifies (82.9% of average accuracy) and estimate the number of online views (mean error of 0.199). The results highlight the validity of neuromarketing-based techniques for predicting the success of advertising responses. Practitioners can consider the proposed methodology at the design stages of advertising content, thus enhancing advertising effectiveness. The study pioneers the use of neurophysiological methods in predicting advertising success in a digital context. This is the first article that has examined whether these measures could actually be used for predicting views for advertising on YouTube.This work has been supported by the Heineken Endowed Chair in Neuromarketing at the Polytechnic University of Valencia in order to research and apply new technologies and neuroscience in communication, distribution and consumption fields.Guixeres Provinciale, J.; Bigné-Alcañiz, E.; Ausin-Azofra, JM.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Colomer, A.; Fuentes-Hurtado, FJ.; Naranjo Ornedo, V. (2017). Consumer Neuroscience-Based Metrics Predict Recall, Liking and Viewing Rates in Online Advertising. Frontiers in Psychology. 8:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01808S1148Rajendra Acharya, U., Paul Joseph, K., Kannathal, N., Lim, C. M., & Suri, J. S. (2006). Heart rate variability: a review. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 44(12), 1031-1051. doi:10.1007/s11517-006-0119-0Aftanas, L. I., Reva, N. V., Varlamov, A. A., Pavlov, S. V., & Makhnev, V. P. (2004). Analysis of Evoked EEG Synchronization and Desynchronization in Conditions of Emotional Activation in Humans: Temporal and Topographic Characteristics. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 34(8), 859-867. doi:10.1023/b:neab.0000038139.39812.ebAstolfi, L., De Vico Fallani, F., Cincotti, F., Mattia, D., Bianchi, L., Marciani, M. G., … Babiloni, F. (2008). Neural Basis for Brain Responses to TV Commercials: A High-Resolution EEG Study. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 16(6), 522-531. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2008.2009784Astolfi, L., Fallani, F. D. V., Cincotti, F., Mattia, D., Bianchi, L., Marciani, M. G., … Babiloni, F. (2009). Brain activity during the memorization of visual scenes from TV commercials: An application of high resolution EEG and steady state somatosensory evoked potentials technologies. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 103(6), 333-341. doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2009.07.002Baack, D. W., Wilson, R. T., & Till, B. D. (2008). Creativity and Memory Effects: Recall, Recognition, and an Exploration of Nontraditional Media. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 85-94. doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367370407Bellman, S., Murphy, J., Treleaven-Hassard, S., O’Farrell, J., Qiu, L., & Varan, D. (2013). Using Internet Behavior to Deliver Relevant Television Commercials. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(2), 130-140. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2012.12.001Bigné, E. (2016). Frontiers in research in business: Will you be in? European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 89-90. doi:10.1016/j.redeen.2016.09.001Bigné, E., Llinares, C., & Torrecilla, C. (2016). Elapsed time on first buying triggers brand choices within a category: A virtual reality-based study. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1423-1427. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.119Blanco-Velasco, M., Weng, B., & Barner, K. E. (2008). ECG signal denoising and baseline wander correction based on the empirical mode decomposition. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 38(1), 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2007.06.003Boksem, M. A. S., & Smidts, A. (2015). Brain Responses to Movie Trailers Predict Individual Preferences for Movies and Their Population-Wide Commercial Success. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(4), 482-492. doi:10.1509/jmr.13.0572Bradley, M. M., Houbova, P., Miccoli, L., Costa, V. D., & Lang, P. J. (2011). Scan patterns when viewing natural scenes: Emotion, complexity, and repetition. 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M., & Alcañiz Raya, M. (2016). A Comparison of Physiological Signal Analysis Techniques and Classifiers for Automatic Emotional Evaluation of Audiovisual Contents. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 10. doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00074Couwenberg, L. E., Boksem, M. A. S., Dietvorst, R. C., Worm, L., Verbeke, W. J. M. I., & Smidts, A. (2017). Neural responses to functional and experiential ad appeals: Explaining ad effectiveness. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(2), 355-366. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.10.005Curry, B., & Moutinho, L. (1993). Neural Networks in Marketing: Modelling Consumer Responses to Advertising Stimuli. European Journal of Marketing, 27(7), 5-20. doi:10.1108/03090569310040325Daugherty, T., Hoffman, E., & Kennedy, K. (2016). Research in reverse: Ad testing using an inductive consumer neuroscience approach. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3168-3176. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.005Davidson, R. J. (2004). What does the prefrontal cortex «do» in affect: perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology, 67(1-2), 219-234. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.008Deitz, G. D., Royne, M. B., Peasley, M. C., & Huang, J. «Coco». (2016). EEG-Based Measures versus Panel Ratings: Predicting Social-Media Based Behavioral Responses to Super Bowl Ads. Journal of Advertising Research, 56(2), 217. doi:10.2501/jar-2016-030Demarzo, M. M. P., Montero-Marin, J., Stein, P. K., Cebolla, A. s, Provinciale, J. G., & GarcÃÂa-Campayo, J. (2014). Mindfulness may both moderate and mediate the effect of physical fitness on cardiovascular responses to stress: a speculative hypothesis. Frontiers in Physiology, 5. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00105Santos, R. D. O. J. dos, Oliveira, J. H. C. de, Rocha, J. B., & Giraldi, J. D. M. E. (2015). Eye Tracking in Neuromarketing: A Research Agenda for Marketing Studies. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(1). doi:10.5539/ijps.v7n1p32Elsen, M., Pieters, R., & Wedel, M. (2016). Thin Slice Impressions: How Advertising Evaluation Depends on Exposure Duration. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(4), 563-579. doi:10.1509/jmr.13.0398Feise, R. J. (2002). Do multiple outcome measures require p-value adjustment? BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2288-2-8Fishman, M., Jacono, F. J., Park, S., Jamasebi, R., Thungtong, A., Loparo, K. A., & Dick, T. E. (2012). A method for analyzing temporal patterns of variability of a time series from Poincaré plots. Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(2), 297-306. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01377.2010Fjorback, L. O., Arendt, M., Ørnbøl, E., Fink, P., & Walach, H. (2011). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124(2), 102-119. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01704.xGao, J. F., Yang, Y., Lin, P., Wang, P., & Zheng, C. X. (2009). Automatic Removal of Eye-Movement and Blink Artifacts from EEG Signals. Brain Topography, 23(1), 105-114. doi:10.1007/s10548-009-0131-4Geisler, F. C. M., Vennewald, N., Kubiak, T., & Weber, H. (2010). The impact of heart rate variability on subjective well-being is mediated by emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 723-728. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.015Goldberg, J. H., Stimson, M. J., Lewenstein, M., Scott, N., & Wichansky, A. M. (2002). Eye tracking in web search tasks. Proceedings of the symposium on Eye tracking research & applications - ETRA ’02. doi:10.1145/507072.507082Grandjean, D., Sander, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Conscious emotional experience emerges as a function of multilevel, appraisal-driven response synchronization. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 484-495. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.019Guerreiro, J., Rita, P., & Trigueiros, D. (2015). Attention, emotions and cause-related marketing effectiveness. European Journal of Marketing, 49(11/12), 1728-1750. doi:10.1108/ejm-09-2014-0543Ha, L. (2008). Online Advertising Research in Advertising Journals: A Review. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 30(1), 31-48. doi:10.1080/10641734.2008.10505236Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Peterson, C. K. (2010). The role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in emotion-related phenomena: A review and update. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 451-462. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.08.010Holmqvist, K., Andrà , C., Lindström, P., Arzarello, F., Ferrara, F., Robutti, O., & Sabena, C. (2011). A method for quantifying focused versus overview behavior in AOI sequences. Behavior Research Methods, 43(4), 987-998. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0104-xKent, R. J., & Allen, C. T. (1994). Competitive Interference Effects in Consumer Memory for Advertising: The Role of Brand Familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 97. doi:10.2307/1252313Khushaba, R. N., Wise, C., Kodagoda, S., Louviere, J., Kahn, B. E., & Townsend, C. (2013). Consumer neuroscience: Assessing the brain response to marketing stimuli using electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), 3803-3812. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.095Kim, K., Hayes, J. L., Avant, J. A., & Reid, L. N. (2014). Trends in Advertising Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of Leading Advertising, Marketing, and Communication Journals, 1980 to 2010. Journal of Advertising, 43(3), 296-316. doi:10.1080/00913367.2013.857620Kopton, I. M., & Kenning, P. (2014). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a new tool for neuroeconomic research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00549Kühn, S., Strelow, E., & Gallinat, J. (2016). Multiple «buy buttons» in the brain: Forecasting chocolate sales at point-of-sale based on functional brain activation using fMRI. NeuroImage, 136, 122-128. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.021Lang, A., Bolls, P., Potter, R. F., & Kawahara, K. (1999). The effects of production pacing and arousing content on the information processing of television messages. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43(4), 451-475. doi:10.1080/08838159909364504Lee, J., & Ahn, J.-H. (2012). Attention to Banner Ads and Their Effectiveness: An Eye-Tracking Approach. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 17(1), 119-137. doi:10.2753/jec1086-4415170105McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Jindal, N., & Cannella, A. A. (2016). Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Effect of Firm Strategy. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(2), 207-224. doi:10.1509/jmr.13.0285McDuff, D., Kaliouby, R. E., Cohn, J. F., & Picard, R. W. (2015). Predicting Ad Liking and Purchase Intent: Large-Scale Analysis of Facial Responses to Ads. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 6(3), 223-235. doi:10.1109/taffc.2014.2384198Mognon, A., Jovicich, J., Bruzzone, L., & Buiatti, M. (2011). ADJUST: An automatic EEG artifact detector based on the joint use of spatial and temporal features. Psychophysiology, 48(2), 229-240. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01061.xBabiloni, F. (2012). Consumer Nueroscience: A New Area of Study for Biomedical Engineers. IEEE Pulse, 3(3), 21-23. doi:10.1109/mpul.2012.2189166Mould, D., Mandryk, R. L., & Li, H. (2012). Emotional response and visual attention to non-photorealistic images. Computers & Graphics, 36(6), 658-672. doi:10.1016/j.cag.2012.03.039Cartocci, G., Caratù, M., Modica, E., Maglione, A. G., Rossi, D., Cherubino, P., & Babiloni, F. (2017). Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (126). doi:10.3791/55872Pan, J., & Tompkins, W. 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How Reliable Are Neuromarketers’ Measures of Advertising Effectiveness? Journal of Advertising Research, 55(2), 176-191. doi:10.2501/jar-55-2-176-191Vecchiato, G., Astolfi, L., Tabarrini, A., Salinari, S., Mattia, D., Cincotti, F., … Babiloni, F. (2010). EEG Analysis of the Brain Activity during the Observation of Commercial, Political, or Public Service Announcements. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2010, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2010/985867Vecchiato, G., Maglione, A. G., Cherubino, P., Wasikowska, B., Wawrzyniak, A., Latuszynska, A., … Babiloni, F. (2014). Neurophysiological Tools to Investigate Consumer’s Gender Differences during the Observation of TV Commercials. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2014, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2014/912981Vecchiato, G., Susac, A., Margeti, S., De Vico Fallani, F., Maglione, A. G., Supek, S., … Babiloni, F. (2012). High-Resolution EEG Analysis of Power Spectral Density Maps and Coherence Networks in a Proportional Reasoning Task. 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The Cerebellum Link to Neuroticism: A Volumetric MRI Association Study in Healthy Volunteers
Prior research suggests an association between reduced cerebellar volumes and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with mood disorders. However, whether a smaller volume in itself reflects a neuroanatomical correlate for increased susceptibility to develop mood disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between cerebellar volume and neurotic personality traits in a non-clinical subject sample. 3T Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired, and trait depression and anxiety scales of the revised NEO personality inventory were assessed in thirty-eight healthy right-handed volunteers. Results showed that cerebellar volume corrected for total brain volume was inversely associated with depressive and anxiety-related personality traits. Cerebellar gray and white matter contributed equally to the observed associations. Our findings extend earlier clinical observations by showing that cerebellar volume covaries with neurotic personality traits in healthy volunteers. The results may point towards a possible role of the cerebellum in the vulnerability to experience negative affect. In conclusion, cerebellar volumes may constitute a clinico-neuroanatomical correlate for the development of depression- and anxiety-related symptoms
Estimated substitution of tea or coffee for sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with lower type 2 diabetes incidence in case-cohort analysis across 8 European countries in the epic-interact study.
INTRODUCTION: Beverage consumption is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is insufficient evidence to inform the suitability of substituting 1 type of beverage for another. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of T2D when consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) was replaced with consumption of fruit juice, milk, coffee, or tea. METHODS: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study of 8 European countries (n = 27,662, with 12,333 cases of incident T2D, 1992-2007), beverage consumption was estimated at baseline by dietary questionnaires. Using Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusting for other beverages and potential confounders, we estimated associations of substituting 1 type of beverage for another on incident T2D. RESULTS: Mean ± SD of estimated consumption of SSB was 55 ± 105 g/d. Means ± SDs for the other beverages were as follows: fruit juice, 59 ± 101 g/d; milk, 209 ± 203 g/d; coffee, 381 ± 372 g/d; and tea, 152 ± 282 g/d. Substituting coffee for SSBs by 250 g/d was associated with a 21% lower incidence of T2D (95% CI: 12%, 29%). The rate difference was -12.0 (95% CI: -20.0, -5.0) per 10,000 person-years among adults consuming SSBs ≥250 g/d (absolute rate = 48.3/10,000). Substituting tea for SSBs was estimated to lower T2D incidence by 22% (95% CI: 15%, 28%) or -11.0 (95% CI: -20.0, -2.6) per 10,000 person-years, whereas substituting fruit juice or milk was estimated not to alter T2D risk significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a potential benefit of substituting coffee or tea for SSBs for the primary prevention of T2D and may help formulate public health recommendations on beverage consumption in different populations
Controlled reduction of photobleaching in DNA origami gold nanoparticle hybrids
The amount of information obtainable from a fluorescence-based measurement is limited by photobleaching: Irreversible photochemical reactions either render the molecules nonfluorescent or shift their absorption and/or emission spectra outside the working range. Photobleaching is evidenced as a decrease of fluorescence intensity with time, or in the case of single molecule measurements, as an abrupt, single-step interruption of the fluorescence emission that determines the end of the experiment. Reducing photobleaching is central for improving fluorescence (functional) imaging, single molecule tracking, and fluorescence-based biosensors and assays. In this single molecule study, we use DNA self-assembly to produce hybrid nanostructures containing individual fluorophores and gold nanoparticles at a controlled separation distance of 8.5 nm. By changing the nanoparticles? size we are able to systematically increase the mean number of photons emitted by the fluorophores before photobleaching.Fil: Pellegrotti, Jesica Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias "Elizabeth Jares Erijman"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de FÃsica; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Guillermo. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; AlemaniaFil: Puchkova, Anastasiya. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; AlemaniaFil: Holzmeister, Phil. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; AlemaniaFil: Gietl, Andreas. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; AlemaniaFil: Lalkens, Birka. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; AlemaniaFil: Stefani, Fernando Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias "Elizabeth Jares Erijman"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de FÃsica; ArgentinaFil: Tinnefeld, Philip. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. NanoBioSciences Group; Alemani
Procyanidin B3 Prevents Articular Cartilage Degeneration and Heterotopic Cartilage Formation in a Mouse Surgical Osteoarthritis Model
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in the elderly due to an imbalance in cartilage degradation and synthesis. Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when ectopic masses of endochondral bone form within the soft tissues around the joints and is triggered by inflammation of the soft tissues. Procyanidin B3 (B3) is a procyanidin dimer that is widely studied due to its high abundance in the human diet and antioxidant activity. Here, we evaluated the role of B3 isolated from grape seeds in the maintenance of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. We observed that B3 inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in primary chondrocytes, suppressed H2O2- or IL-1ß−induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production, and prevented IL-1ß−induced suppression of chondrocyte differentiation marker gene expression in primary chondrocytes. Moreover, B3 treatment enhanced the early differentiation of ATDC5 cells. To examine whether B3 prevents cartilage destruction in vivo, OA was surgically induced in C57BL/6J mice followed by oral administration of B3 or vehicle control. Daily oral B3 administration protected articular cartilage from OA and prevented chondrocyte apoptosis in surgically-induced OA joints. Furthermore, B3 administration prevented heterotopic cartilage formation near the surgical region. iNOS protein expression was enhanced in the synovial tissues and the pseudocapsule around the surgical region in OA mice fed a control diet, but was reduced in mice that received B3. Together, these data indicated that in the OA model, B3 prevented OA progression and heterotopic cartilage formation, at least in a part through the suppression of iNOS. These results support the potential therapeutic benefits of B3 for treatment of human OA and heterotopic ossification
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