6,354 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Hellman, Eric H. (Portland, Cumberland County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/22053/thumbnail.jp
Two-Level Systems in Evaporated Amorphous Silicon
In -beam evaporated amorphous silicon (-Si), the densities of two-level
systems (TLS), and , determined from specific heat
and internal friction measurements, respectively, have been shown to
vary by over three orders of magnitude. Here we show that and
are proportional to each other with a constant of
proportionality that is consistent with the measurement time dependence
proposed by Black and Halperin and does not require the introduction of
additional anomalous TLS. However, and depend strongly
on the atomic density of the film () which depends on both film
thickness and growth temperature suggesting that the -Si structure is
heterogeneous with nanovoids or other lower density regions forming in a dense
amorphous network. A review of literature data shows that this atomic density
dependence is not unique to -Si. These findings suggest that TLS are not
intrinsic to an amorphous network but require a heterogeneous structure to
form
Phonon quarticity induced by changes in phonon-tracked hybridization during lattice expansion and its stabilization of rutile TiO
Although the rutile structure of TiO is stable at high temperatures, the
conventional quasiharmonic approximation predicts that several acoustic phonons
decrease anomalously to zero frequency with thermal expansion, incorrectly
predicting a structural collapse at temperatures well below 1000\,K. Inelastic
neutron scattering was used to measure the temperature dependence of the phonon
density of states (DOS) of rutile TiO from 300 to 1373\,K. Surprisingly,
these anomalous acoustic phonons were found to increase in frequency with
temperature. First-principles calculations showed that with lattice expansion,
the potentials for the anomalous acoustic phonons transform from quadratic to
quartic, stabilizing the rutile phase at high temperatures. In these modes, the
vibrational displacements of adjacent Ti and O atoms cause variations in
hybridization of electrons of Ti and electrons of O atoms. With
thermal expansion, the energy variation in this "phonon-tracked hybridization"
flattens the bottom of the interatomic potential well between Ti and O atoms,
and induces a quarticity in the phonon potential.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, supplemental material (3 figures
Herbage Production, Nitrogen Fixation and Condensed Tannin Concentrations in \u3cem\u3eLotus glaber\u3c/em\u3e Mill. Germplasm
Lotus glaber (Lg) grows on clay, sandy and medium textured soils in central Chile (32º to 38º S). The diversity of environments where the species grows naturally supports the hypothesis that genetic variability would be found. The objectives of the experiment were to characterise accessions of Lg collected in the region for dry matter (DM) production, comparative capacity to fix atmospheric N and condensed tannins (CT) in Lg grown on clay soils used for cropping rice
Gambling participation, gambling habits, gambling-related harm, and opinions on gambling advertising in Finland in 2016
Background: This report is an overview of results from the 2016 Finnish Gambling Harms Survey covering the population and clinical perspectives. It summarises the main findings on gambling participation, gambling habits, gambling-related harm, and opinions on gambling advertising. Methods: The population sample (n = 7186) was collected from three regions and the clinical sample (n = 119) in a gambling help clinic. Results: Frequency of gambling in the population sample was characteristically once a week, while in the clinical sample it was daily. Men gambled more often than women only in the population sample. The most common gambling environments were kiosks, grocery stores or supermarkets, and home. The most typical gambling-related harms were financial or emotional/psychological harms; the amount of experienced harm was considerable among the clinical sample. The clinical sample also perceived gambling advertising as obtrusive and as a driving force for gambling. Conclusions: The results of the clinical sample imply that when gambling gets out of hand, the distinctions between gamblers' habits diminish and become more streamlined, focusing on gambling per se - doing it often, and in greater varieties (different game types). There is a heightened need to monitor gambling and gambling-related harm at the population level, especially amongst heavy consumers, in order to understand what type of external factors pertaining to policy and governance may contribute to the shift from recreational to problem gambling.Peer reviewe
Most \u3cem\u3eCaenorhabditis elegans\u3c/em\u3e MicroRNAs are Individually Not Essential for Development or Viability
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large class of short noncoding RNAs found in many plants and animals, often act to post-transcriptionally inhibit gene expression. We report the generation of deletion mutations in 87 miRNA genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, expanding the number of mutated miRNA genes to 95, or 83% of known C. elegans miRNAs. We find that the majority of miRNAs are not essential for the viability or development of C. elegans, and mutations in most miRNA genes do not result in grossly abnormal phenotypes. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that there is significant functional redundancy among miRNAs or among gene pathways regulated by miRNAs. This study represents the first comprehensive genetic analysis of miRNA function in any organism and provides a unique, permanent resource for the systematic study of miRNAs
Non-adiabatic Effects in the Dissociation of Oxygen Molecules at the Al(111) Surface
The measured low initial sticking probability of oxygen molecules at the
Al(111) surface that had puzzled the field for many years was recently
explained in a non-adiabatic picture invoking spin-selection rules [J. Behler
et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 036104 (2005)]. These selection rules tend to
conserve the initial spin-triplet character of the free O2 molecule during the
molecule's approach to the surface. A new locally-constrained
density-functional theory approach gave access to the corresponding
potential-energy surface (PES) seen by such an impinging spin-triplet molecule
and indicated barriers to dissociation which reduce the sticking probability.
Here, we further substantiate this non-adiabatic picture by providing a
detailed account of the employed approach. Building on the previous work, we
focus in particular on inaccuracies in present-day exchange-correlation
functionals. Our analysis shows that small quantitative differences in the
spin-triplet constrained PES obtained with different gradient-corrected
functionals have a noticeable effect on the lowest kinetic energy part of the
resulting sticking curve.Comment: 17 pages including 11 figures; related publications can be found at
http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/th.htm
Thermal conductivity in PbTe from first principles
We investigate the harmonic and anharmonic contributions to the phonon spectrum of lead telluride and perform a complete characterization of how thermal properties of PbTe evolve as temperature increases. We analyze the thermal resistivity's variation with temperature and clarify misconceptions about existing experimental literature. The resistivity initially increases sublinearly because of phase space effects and ultra strong anharmonic renormalizations of specific bands. This effect is the strongest factor in the favorable thermoelectric properties of PbTe, and it explains its limitations at higher T . This quantitative prediction opens the prospect of phonon phase space engineering to tailor the lifetimes of crucial heat carrying phonons by considering different structure or nanostructure geometries. We analyze the available scattering volume between TO and LA phonons as a function of temperature and correlate its changes to features in the thermal conductivity
Mechanical Stretch and PI3K Signaling Link Cell Migration and Proliferation to Coordinate Epithelial Tubule Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish Pronephros
Organ development leads to the emergence of organ function, which in turn can impact developmental processes. Here we show that fluid flow-induced collective epithelial migration during kidney nephron morphogenesis induces cell stretch that in turn signals epithelial proliferation. Increased cell proliferation was dependent on PI3K signaling. Inhibiting epithelial proliferation by blocking PI3K or CDK4/Cyclin D1 activity arrested cell migration prematurely and caused a marked overstretching of the distal nephron tubule. Computational modeling of the involved cell processes predicted major morphological and kinetic outcomes observed experimentally under a variety of conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that kidney development is a recursive process where emerging organ function “feeds back” to the developmental program to influence fundamental cellular events such as cell migration and proliferation, thus defining final organ morphology
Phonon self-energy and origin of anomalous neutron scattering spectra in SnTe and PbTe thermoelectrics
The anharmonic lattice dynamics of rock-salt thermoelectric compounds SnTe
and PbTe are investigated with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and
first-principles calculations. The experiments show that, surprisingly,
although SnTe is closer to the ferroelectric instability, phonon spectra in
PbTe exhibit a more anharmonic character. This behavior is reproduced in
first-principles calculations of the temperature-dependent phonon self-energy.
Our simulations reveal how the nesting of phonon dispersions induces prominent
features in the self-energy, which account for the measured INS spectra and
their temperature dependence. We establish that the phase-space for
three-phonon scattering processes, rather than just the proximity to the
lattice instability, is the mechanism determining the complex spectrum of the
transverse-optical ferroelectric mode
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