Identificação, dinâmica da produção e potencial de uso do feromônio de agregação de Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)

Orientador : Paulo H.G. ZarbinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentraçao: EntomologiaResumo: A pesquisa objetivou identificar, determinar a dinâmica da produção e avaliar o potencial de uso do feromônio de agregação de Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), visando à possibilidade do uso desta alternativa no monitoramento e controle desta praga. O estudo consistiu em três fases, sendo a primeira envolvendo a criação dos insetos; a segunda a obtenção dos voláteis dos insetos e avaliação destes no comportamento dos co-específicos e a terceira abrangendo isolamento, identificação e avaliação da atividade biológica do feromônio sintético em laboratório. Ações complementares de pesquisa ainda foram desenvolvidas como a determinação da dinâmica da produção do feromônio e avaliação da captura dos espécimes em armadilhas a campo. Os principais resultados foram: machos e fêmeas são mais atraídos para voláteis de insetos machos adicionado a partes da planta hospedeira (caule fresco do mamoeiro), sugerindo ação sinergística e potencializando a atratividade de co-específicos; a liberação do feromônio inicia a partir do 18o DAE (dias após a emergência) e ocorre durante a escotofase, sendo observado o pico de produção 4 - 6 h após o seu início; machos virgens e acasalados são semelhantes quanto à produção de feromônio e esta é dependente da planta hospedeira; a duração da produção ocorre até aos 105 DAE; o feromônio é do tipo agregação; grandisal, grandisol e papaianol (composto majoritário, intermediário e minoritário, respectivamente), constituem as substâncias feromonais da espécie; as misturas ternárias e grandisal mostraram ser biologicamente ativos na atratividade de co-específicos; armadilhas colocadas a 1,50 m de altura capturaram mais espécimes em condições de campo.Abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the aggregation pheromone the papaya weevil, Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in order to develop new monitoring and control methods against this pest. The study is based in three stages. The first stage was the rearing of papaya weevil; in the second stage, volatiles were obtained from males and females adults to be evaluated biological activity its in behavioral of the weevils; the third stage experiments were carried out isolation and identification of the aggregation pheromone and to evaluate the biological activity this compounds in behavioral of weevils. The main results was: male and female adults were attracted to volatiles obtained from male adults plus trunk pieces of the host plant. These results demonstrate that host plant volatiles, promote a sinergistic effect when added to male extracts; the male adults are the main responsible for the pheromone release, which starts from the 18th day after emerging; pheromone emission occurs at the scotophase, with a higher emission from 4h to 6h after the onset of the scotophase; there is no difference between pheromone emission from virgim or mated males, but there is difference among volatiles collected from males with or without food; pheromone release is affected by the food quality and decrease within time; occurring until the 105 day of life; three male-specific compounds: grandisal (main pheromone component), grandisol and papaianol are the pheromonals compounds; the ternary mixtures and grandisal show biological activity in both sexes of the papaya weevil; traps localized in 1,50 meter higher show best performance in the captures of weevils in field conditions

How formal initiatives to improve teaching can lead to more significant informal conversations and increased sharing practice

University teachers grow professionally from conversations about learning and teaching with colleagues. Significant informal conversations can be facilitated through formal activities initiated from the institutional side. This case-study shows how a formal institutional initiative to enhance educational quality has facilitated more significant informal conversations. Such conversations power constructive feedback to the organisation, improve the formal quality development work at the institutional level, and increase the use of collegial experiences across the institution. We identify the formal initiative “Collegial sharing sessions” as particularly efficient for fuelling significant informal conversations within and across departments

The meaning of quality work from the general practitioner's perspective: an interview study

BACKGROUND: The quality of health care and its costs have been a subject of considerable attention and lively discussion. Various methods have been introduced to measure, assess, and improve the quality of health care. Many professionals in health care have criticized quality work and its methods as being unsuitable for health care. The aim of the study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the meaning of quality work from the general practitioner's perspective. METHODS: Fourteen general practitioners, seven women and seven men, were interviewed with the aid of a semi-structured interview guide about their experience of quality work. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and analysis were guided by a phenomenological approach intended to capture the essence of the statements. RESULTS: Two fundamentally different ways to view quality work emerged from the statements: A pronounced top-down perspective with elements of control, and an intra-profession or bottom-up perspective. From the top-down perspective, quality work was described as something that infringes professional freedom. From the bottom-up perspective the statements described quality work as a self-evident duty and as a professional attitude to the medical vocation, guided by the principles of medical ethics. Follow-up with a bottom-up approach is best done in internal processes, with the profession itself designing structures and methods based on its own needs. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that general practitioners view internal follow-up as a professional obligation but external control as an imposition. This opposition entails a difficulty in achieving systematism in follow-up and quality work in health care. If the statutory standards for systematic quality work are to gain a real foothold, they must be packaged in such a way that general practitioners feel that both perspectives can be reconciled

A DHODH inhibitor increases p53 synthesis and enhances tumor cell killing by p53 degradation blockage

ML, CD, IvL, GP, TM, SD, MS, APF, CT, DL, MAH, KL and SL: project grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation. MHi and JC: Cancer Research UK (C8/A6613). MC, EP and WE: Wellcome Trust (073915). MN and BV: projects MEYS-NPS-LO1413 and GACR P206/12/G151. EMC, MP, MMS, ZF and PG: Norwegian Cancer Society (182735, 732200) and Helse Vest (911884, 911789). RB and SC: NIH (R01 CA95684), the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the Waxman Foundation. NW, AH, Ad’H: Cancer Research UK (C21383/A6950) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Doctoral Training Program. JL and YZ: Cancer Research UK (C240/A15751). MH and BW: SARomics Biostructures ABUY, KF: DDDP SciLife, Sweden. LJ, MHa, RS and A-LG: CBCS, Sweden. VP: SciLife fellowship. AT: Breast Cancer Research Scotland.The development of non-genotoxic therapies that activate wild-type p53 in tumors is of great interest since the discovery of p53 as a tumor suppressor. Here we report the identification of over 100 small-molecules activating p53 in cells. We elucidate the mechanism of action of a chiral tetrahydroindazole (HZ00), and through target deconvolution, we deduce that its active enantiomer (R)-HZ00, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). The chiral specificity of HZ05, a more potent analog, is revealed by the crystal structure of the (R)-HZ05/DHODH complex. Twelve other DHODH inhibitor chemotypes are detailed among the p53 activators, which identifies DHODH as a frequent target for structurally diverse compounds. We observe that HZ compounds accumulate cancer cells in S-phase, increase p53 synthesis, and synergize with an inhibitor of p53 degradation to reduce tumor growth in vivo. We, therefore, propose a strategy to promote cancer cell killing by p53 instead of its reversible cell cycle arresting effect.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

FunSQL: It is time to make SQL functional

Poster presentation at the EGU 2020 online conference, 4. - 8. May

On the relation between improved loco-regional control and disease-free survival in head-and-neck cancer

On the relation between improved loco-regional control and disease-free survival in head-and-neck cance