Epistemic cooperation scripts in online learning environments

Using online learning environments in higher education offers innovative possibilities to support collaborative learning. However, online learning creates new kinds of problems for participants who have not previously worked with each other. One of these problems is uncertainty which occurs when participants do not know each other. According to the uncertainty reduction theory, low uncertainty level increases the amount of discourse and decreases the amount of information seeking. Therefore, uncertainty may influence online discourse and learning. This study investigates the effects of an epistemic cooperation script with respect to the amount of discourse, information seeking and learning outcomes in collaborative learning as compared to unscripted collaborative learning. The aim was also to explore how and what kind of information learners seek and receive and how learning partners react to such information exchange. The participants were 48 students who were randomly assigned to groups of three in two conditions, one with and one without an epistemic script. The results indicate that the epistemic script increased the amount of discourse and decreased the amount of information seeking activities. Without an epistemic script, however, learners achieved better learning outcomes. The results of two qualitative case-based analyses on information seeking will also be discussed

Epistemic cooperation scripts in online learning environments

Using online learning environments in higher education offers innovative possibilities to support collaborative learning. However, online learning creates new kinds of problems for participants who have not previously worked with each other. One of these problems is uncertainty which occurs when participants do not know each other. According to the uncertainty reduction theory, low uncertainty level increases the amount of discourse and decreases the amount of information seeking. Therefore, uncertainty may influence online discourse and learning. This study investigates the effects of an epistemic cooperation script with respect to the amount of discourse, information seeking and learning outcomes in collaborative learning as compared to unscripted collaborative learning. The aim was also to explore how and what kind of information learners seek and receive and how learning partners react to such information exchange. The participants were 48 students who were randomly assigned to groups of three in two conditions, one with and one without an epistemic script. The results indicate that the epistemic script increased the amount of discourse and decreased the amount of information seeking activities. Without an epistemic script, however, learners achieved better learning outcomes. The results of two qualitative case-based analyses on information seeking will also be discussed

Mechanisms of common ground in case-based web discussions in teacher education

Previous studies suggest that before the participants in Web-based conferencing can reach deeper level interaction and learning, they have to gain an adequate level of common ground in terms of shared mutual understanding, knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and pre-suppositions (Clark & Schaefer, 1989; Dillenbourg, 1999). In this paper, the main purpose is to explore how participants establish and maintain common ground in order to reach deeper level interaction in case-based Web-discussions. The subjects in this study consisted of 68 pre-service teachers and 7 mentors from three universities, who participated in the Web-based conferencing course for eight weeks. The written discussion data were analyzed by means of a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results suggest that in order to establish common ground it is essential that the participants, especially as fellow students, not only show evidence of their understandings through written feedback, but also provide support to their peers in their replies. Presenting questions also signals the participant’s willingness to continue the discussion, which is essential for maintaining common ground

Etelä-Savon tutkimusasema 75 vuotta : tutkimusta ja koetoimintaa viljelijän hyväksi vuodesta 1919

vokKirjasto Aj-

Opiskelijan hyvinvointi koetuksella? : Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden kokemat terveys- ja toimintarajoitteet, digitaalinen osaaminen ja opiskelu pandemian aikana

Suomalaisten korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ilmoittamien terveys- ja toimintarajoitteiden määrä on kasvanut koko 2000-luvun ajan. Tässä artikkelissa tutkittavassa Eurostudent VIII -aineistossa lähes puolet (46,6 %) korkeakouluopiskelijoista ilmoitti yhden tai useamman terveys- ja toimintarajoitteen ja lähes neljäsosa (23,1 %) mielenterveysongelman. Pandemia-aika muutti kaikkea opintoihin liittyvää korostaen digitaalisuuden roolia. Tulosten perusteella opiskelijat arvioivatkin digivälineet tärkeiksi sekä arjessaan että opinnoissaan. Valtaosa opiskelijoista koki pandemian laskeneen opetuksen tasoa ja opiskelumotivaatiota. Pääosin pandemian ei koettu vaikuttaneen opintojen kestoon tai opintomenestykseen, mutta mielenterveysongelmia tai oppimisvaikeuksia raportoineet opiskelijat kokivat useimmin pandemian hidastaneen opintoja, ja oppimisvaikeuksista ilmoittaneista lähes puolet koki pandemian heikentäneen opintomenestystä. Monimuuttuja-analyysit profiloivat pandemia-ajan häviäjiä ja voittajia: niitä, joiden opiskelukokemus muuttui negatiiviseksi, joiden digitaidot eivät riittäneet ja jotka kaipasivat lähiopetusta, sekä niitä, joiden motivaatio jopa kasvoi ja jotka digiaktiiveina suosivat etäopetusta

Risk management and governance of chemicals in articles. Case study textiles

Chemicals and textiles both arouse great interest and emotions. The risks from chemicals in textiles however have been paid little attention, both from the perspective of human health and even more with regard to the environment. The present case study analyzes risks as well as benefits and other impacts from chemicals associated with consumer textiles, as well as management and governance approaches to deal with the multi-faceted problems involved, in the broader context of product and chemicals control and environmental innovation, from national and EU to global levels. The report is written for all those interested in and charged with tasks in this and related fields, including a variety of actors beyond researchers and regulatory or technical experts

HILMO Vårdanmälan för socialvården samt hälso- och sjukvården 2013 - Definitioner och anvisningar

Publikationen innehåller anvisningar för datainsamling för år 2013

Differential DNA methylation in recovery from shift work disorder

The human DNA methylome is responsive to our environment, but its dynamics remain underexplored. We investigated the temporal changes to DNA methylation (DNAme) in relation to recovery from a shift work disorder (SWD) by performing a paired epigenome-wide analysis in an occupational cohort of 32 shift workers (25 men, age=43.8 +/- 8.8 years, 21 SWD cases). We found that the effect of vacation on DNAme was more prominent in the SWD-group as compared to controls, with respect to the amount of significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs; P-unadjPeer reviewe

Effects of upper body eccentric versus concentric strength training and detraining on maximal force, muscle activation, hypertrophy and serum hormones in women

Effects of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) strength training of the upper body performed twice a week for 10 weeks followed by detraining for five weeks on maximal force, muscle activation, muscle mass and serum hormone concentrations were investigated in young women (n = 11 and n = 12). One-repetition bench press (1RM), maximal isometric force and surface electromyography (EMG) of triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD) and pectoralis major (PM), cross-sectional area (CSA) of TB (Long (LoH) and Lateral Head (LaH)) and thickness of PM, as well as serum concentrations of free testosterone, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured. ECC and CON training led to increases of 17.2 ± 11.3% (p \u3c 0.001) and 13.1 ± 5.7% (p \u3c 0.001) in 1RM followed by decreases of-6.6 ± 3.6% (p \u3c 0.01) and-8.0 ± 4.5% (p \u3c 0.001) during detraining, respectively. Isometric force increased in ECC by 11.4 ± 9.6 % (p \u3c 0.05) from week 5 to 10, while the change in CON by 3.9±6.8% was not significant and a between group difference was noted (p \u3c 0.05). Maximal total integrated EMG of trained muscles increased only in the whole subject group (p \u3c 0.05). CSA of TB (LoH) increased in ECC by 8.7 ± 8.0% (p \u3c 0.001) and in CON by 3.4 ± 1.6% (p \u3c 0.01) and differed between groups (p \u3c 0.05), and CSA of TB (LaH) in ECC by 15.7 ± 8.0% (p \u3c 0.001) and CON by 9.7 ± 6.6% (p \u3c 0.001). PM thickness increased in ECC by 17.7 ± 10.9% (p \u3c 0.001) and CON by 14.0 ± 5.9% (p \u3c 0.001). Total muscle sum value (LoH + LaH + PM) increased in ECC by 12.4 ± 6.9% (p \u3c 0.001) and in CON by 7.1 ± 2.9% (p \u3c 0.001) differing between groups (p \u3c 0.05) and decreased during detraining in ECC by-6.5 ± 4.3% (p \u3c 0.001) and CON by-6.1 ± 2.8% (p \u3c 0.001). The post detraining combined sum value of CSA and thickness was in ECC higher (p \u3c 0.05) than at pre training. No changes were detected in serum hormone concentrations, but baseline free testosterone levels in the ECC and CON group combined correlated with changes in 1RM (r = 0.520, p \u3c 0.016) during training. Large neuromuscular adaptations of the upper body occurred in women during ECC, and CON training in 10 weeks. Isometric force increased only in response to ECC, and total muscle sum value increased more during ECC than CON training. However, no changes occurred in serum hormones, but individual serum-free testosterone baseline concentrations correlated with changes in 1RM during strength training in the entire group. Both groups showed significant decreases in neuromuscular performance and muscle mass during detraining, while post detraining muscle sum value was only in ECC significantly higher than at pre training