Estudio exploratorio de evaluación de la accesibilidad en la ciudad capital de El Salvador

he Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (AMSS by spanish meaning) is composed by fourteen municipalities, including San Salvador, which is the capital municipality of El Salvador. This condition has resulted in the consolidation of a large number of urban services and facilities over time for the population of this municipality and outside of it; this influences the supply of public transport and the mobilization with private transport, making it an interesting space for analyzing the level of accessibility to different urban services. Given the diversity of approaches, methodologies and techniques aimed at measuring accessibility, this exploratory study aims to determine which variables are sensitive to the results of the assessment of the level of accessibility to urban facilities through private and public transport, but with an emphasis on the latter, for the specific case of San Salvador. For this purpose, this work build a definition of an accessibility approach and geographic database too adapted to the Salvadoran reality, a analysis of networks it is developed through geographic information systems and finally it is defined a series of key elements is presented as a result of valuing the level of accessibility to urban facilities within the Salvadoran urban context.El Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS) está integrada por catorce municipios, entre ellos San Salvador que es el municipio capital de El Salvador, esta condición ha hecho que a través del tiempo se consolide una gran cantidad de servicios y equipamientos urbanos para la población del municipio y fuera de éste; esto influye en la oferta de transporte público y la movilización con transporte privado, convirtiéndolo en un interesante espacio de análisis del nivel de accesibilidad hacia los diferentes servicios urbanos. Dada la diversidad de enfoques, metodologías y técnicas orientadas a la medición de la accesibilidad, este estudio exploratorio tiene por objetivo determinar qué variables son sensibles ante los resultados de la evaluación del nivel de accesibilidad a los equipamientos urbanos a través del transporte privado y público, pero haciendo énfasis en este último, para el caso específico de San Salvador. Para ello se recurre a la definición de un enfoque adaptado a la realidad salvadoreña, construcción de base de datos, análisis de redes a través de sistemas de información geográfica, finalmente, se presenta como resultado una serie de elementos claves al momento de valorizar el nivel de accesibilidad a los equipamientos urbanos dentro del contexto urbano salvadoreño

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estudio exploratorio de evaluación de la accesibilidad en la ciudad capital de El Salvador

The Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (AMSS by spanish meaning) is composed by fourteen municipalities, including San Salvador, which is the capital municipality of El Salvador. This condition has resulted in the consolidation of a large number of urban services and facilities over time for the population of this municipality and outside of it; this influences the supply of public transport and the mobilization with private transport, making it an interesting space for analyzing the level of accessibility to different urban services. Given the diversity of approaches, methodologies and techniques aimed at measuring accessibility, this exploratory study aims to determine which variables are sensitive to the results of the assessment of the level of accessibility to urban facilities through private and public transport, but with an emphasis on the latter, for the specific case of San Salvador. For this purpose, this work build a definition of an accessibility approach and geographic database too adapted to the Salvadoran reality, a analysis of networks it is developed through geographic information systems and finally it is defined a series of key elements is presented as a result of valuing the level of accessibility to urban facilities within the Salvadoran urban context.El Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS) está integrada por catorce municipios, entre ellos San Salvador que es el municipio capital de El Salvador, esta condición ha hecho que a través del tiempo se consolide una gran cantidad de servicios y equipamientos urbanos para la población del municipio y fuera de éste; esto influye en la oferta de transporte público y la movilización con transporte privado, convirtiéndolo en un interesante espacio de análisis del nivel de accesibilidad hacia los diferentes servicios urbanos. Dada la diversidad de enfoques, metodologías y técnicas orientadas a la medición de la accesibilidad, este estudio exploratorio tiene por objetivo determinar qué variables son sensibles ante los resultados de la evaluación del nivel de accesibilidad a los equipamientos urbanos a través del transporte privado y público, pero haciendo énfasis en este último, para el caso específico de San Salvador. Para ello se recurre a la definición de un enfoque adaptado a la realidad salvadoreña, construcción de base de datos, análisis de redes a través de sistemas de información geográfica, finalmente, se presenta como resultado una serie de elementos claves al momento de valorizar el nivel de accesibilidad a los equipamientos urbanos dentro del contexto urbano salvadoreño

Relative risk (RR) of macrosomia by state, Mexico, 2020.

Relative risk (RR) of macrosomia by state, Mexico, 2020.</p

Incidence of fetal macrosomia according to maternal and newborn characteristics.

Incidence of fetal macrosomia according to maternal and newborn characteristics.</p

FM incidence in live births in Mexico at the state level in males, 2020.

FM incidence in live births in Mexico at the state level in males, 2020.</p

National and state incidence of fetal macrosomia, Mexico 2020.

National and state incidence of fetal macrosomia, Mexico 2020.</p

FM incidence in live births in Mexico at the state level in females, 2020.

FM incidence in live births in Mexico at the state level in females, 2020.</p

Ciencia Odontológica

Es para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el primero de una serie de 5 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche y Universidad de Guadalajara