TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE ASOINCON S.A.S. VS. GRUPO EMPRESARIAL OIKOS S.A.S.

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Efecto del ángulo de incidencia sobre monocapas de HfN expuestas a fenómenos de corrosión erosión

Hard coatings are an alternative for surface improvement of industrial tools since they are developed with the purpose of increasing the lifespan of materials through the enhancement of its characteristics against wear mechanisms and corrosion phenomena. In this study, hafnium nitride monolayers were deposited on AISI 4140 steel substrates through the RF magnetron technique (13.56 MHz) to determine estimated values of material loss, mechanical wear and synergy in the corrosion and erosion phenomena, according to the ASTM G119–03 standard, which relates corrosion to wear. The monolayers were evaluated against corrosion-erosion phenomena, as well as corrosion and erosion at two incidence angles of 30° and 90° in a solution composed by 0.5 M NaCl, using impingement jet equipment to analyze the effect of the incidence angle on the corrosion erosion resistance of these coatings. Through Tafel polarization curves and scanning electron microscopy, the electrochemical evaluation and the micro-structural characterization of the coatings were respectively made. An increase in the corrosion rate on the systems subjected to 90° and a decrease on those subjected to 30° was observed.Los recubrimientos duros son una alternativa para el mejoramiento superficial de herramientas industriales, ya que son desarrollados con el fin de aumentar la vida de servicio del material mediante un mejoramiento de sus características frente a mecanismos de desgaste y fenómenos corrosivos. En el presente estudio se depositaron monocapas de nitruro de hafnio sobre sustratos de acero AISI 4140 mediante la técnica del magnetrón sputteringmulti-blanco en r.f. (13.56 MHz). Esto se hizo con el objetivo de determinar valores estimados de la pérdida de material, el desgaste mecánico y la sinergia en los fenómenos corrosivos y erosivos con base en la norma ASTM G119–03, que interrelaciona la corrosión con el desgaste. Las monocapas fueron evaluadas frente a fenómenos de corrosión-erosión, erosión y corrosión  a dos ángulos de impacto de 30º y 90º, en una solución compuesta por NaCl 0.5 M usando un equipo de incidencia de chorro de partícula. Se analizó el efecto del ángulo de impacto en la resistencia a la corrosión erosión de estos recubrimientos. Mediante curvas de polarización Tafel y microscopia electrónica de barrido se realizó la evaluación electroquímica y la caracterización micro-estructural de los recubrimientos respectivamente. Se observó un aumento en la velocidad de corrosión para los sistemas sometidos a 90° y una disminución para los sistemas a 30º.

Desarrollo e instituciones en la década de los sesentas: reflexiones sobre los discursos del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en la cumbre de Bogotá (abril de 1968)

This article investigates the foundations and features of the development discourse coined by the Inter-American Development Bank at the end of the 1960s in Latin America. The historical perspective that it addressed, allowed to understand how since the celebration of the Governors' meeting in Bogota in 1969, the Bank advanced a strategic action in the region based on institutional reforms and linked to governmental agendas aligned with the security policies coming from Washington during the Cold War.El presente artículo indaga sobre los fundamentos y las características del discurso de desarrollo acuñado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo a finales de la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado en América Latina. La perspectiva histórica que abordó, permitió comprender cómo desde la celebración del encuentro de gobernadores en Bogotá en 1969, el Banco adelantó una acción estratégica en la región basada en reformas institucionales y vinculadas con las agendas gubernamentales alineadas con las políticas de seguridad provenientes de Washington durante la guerra fríaEste artigo investiga os fundamentos e características do discurso sobre desenvolvimento, cunhado pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento no final dos anos sessenta do século passado na América Latina. A perspectiva histórica que ele abordou nos permitiu entender como, desde a reunião dos governadores em Bogotá, em 1969, o Banco realizou uma ação estratégica na região, baseada em reformas institucionais e vinculada a agendas governamentais alinhadas às políticas de segurança de Washington durante a guerra Fria

Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus

[EN] The aim of the research was to determine the impact of fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus on kidney beans, black beans, and oats. The results indicate that the fungus has a positive effect on the substrates when compared to the controls. The antioxidant activity (39.5% on kidney beans and 225% on oats in relation to the controls) and content of total polyphenols (kidney beans three times higher regarding the controls) increased significantly by the presence of the fungus mycelium, even after simulated digestion. There was a significant increase in protein digestibility (from 39.99 to 48.13% in black beans, 44.06 to 69.01% in kidney beans, and 63.25 to 70.01% in oats) and a decrease of antinutrient tannins (from 65.21 to 22.07 mg in black beans, 35.54 to 23.37 in kidney beans, and 55.67 to 28.11 in oats) as well as an increase in the contents of some essential amino acids. Overall, this fermentation treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus improved the nutritional quality of cereals and legumes, making them potential ingredients for the elaboration and/or fortification of foods for human nutrition.We would like to thank Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa (CONACyT) for financially supporting E.E.-P to obtain her Ph.D. (scholarship 446871).Espinosa Paéz, E.; Alanis-Guzman, MG.; Hernandez Luna, C.; Baez Gonzalez, JG.; Amaya-Guerra, CA.; Andrés Grau, AM. (2017). Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Protein Digestibility in Phaseolus vulgaris and Avena sativa by Fermentation with the Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus. Molecules. 22(12):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122275S1112212Betoret, E., Betoret, N., Vidal, D., & Fito, P. (2011). Functional foods development: Trends and technologies. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(9), 498-508. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.004Xu, B. J., Yuan, S. H., & Chang, S. K. C. (2007). Comparative Analyses of Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Color of Cool Season Legumes and Other Selected Food Legumes. Journal of Food Science, 72(2), S167-S177. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00261.xLuo, Y.-W., & Xie, W.-H. (2013). Effect of different processing methods on certain antinutritional factors and protein digestibility in green and white faba bean (Vicia fabaL.). CyTA - Journal of Food, 11(1), 43-49. doi:10.1080/19476337.2012.681705Sánchez, C. (2009). Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(5), 1321-1337. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2343-7Taofiq, O., Heleno, S., Calhelha, R., Alves, M., Barros, L., Barreiro, M., … Ferreira, I. (2016). Development of Mushroom-Based Cosmeceutical Formulations with Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Tyrosinase, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties. Molecules, 21(10), 1372. doi:10.3390/molecules21101372Jayakumar, T., Thomas, P. A., & Geraldine, P. (2009). In-vitro antioxidant activities of an ethanolic extract of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 10(2), 228-234. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2008.07.002Vega, A., & Franco, H. (2013). Productividad y calidad de los cuerpos fructíferos de los hongos comestibles Pleurotus pulmonarius RN2 y P. djamor RN81 y RN82 cultivados sobre sustratos lignocelulósicos. Información tecnológica, 24(1), 69-78. doi:10.4067/s0718-07642013000100009Raya-Pérez, J. C., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Ramírez-Pimentel, J. G., Covarrubias-Prieto, J., & Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L. (2014). Caracterización de proteínas y contenido mineral de dos variedades nativas de frijol de México. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 25(1), 1. doi:10.15517/am.v25i1.14185Deshpande, S. S., Sathe, S. K., & Salunkhe, D. K. (1984). Interrelationships between certain physical and chemical properties of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Qualitas Plantarum Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 34(1), 53-65. doi:10.1007/bf01095072Papaspyridi, L.-M., Aligiannis, N., Topakas, E., Christakopoulos, P., Skaltsounis, A.-L., & Fokialakis, N. (2012). Submerged Fermentation of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in a Batch Stirred Tank Bioreactor as a Promising Alternative for the Effective Production of Bioactive Metabolites. Molecules, 17(3), 2714-2724. doi:10.3390/molecules17032714Wang, D., Sakoda, A., & Suzuki, M. (2001). Biological efficiency and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on spent beer grain. Bioresource Technology, 78(3), 293-300. doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00002-5Zieliński, H., & Kozłowska, H. (2000). Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Cereal Grains and Their Different Morphological Fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(6), 2008-2016. doi:10.1021/jf990619oSinsabaugh, R. L. (2010). Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(3), 391-404. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.014Vergara-Domínguez, H., Gandul-Rojas, B., & Roca, M. (2011). Formation of oxidised chlorophyll catabolites in olives. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(6), 851-857. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.02.003Granito, M., Paolini, M., & Pérez, S. (2008). Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris stored under extreme conditions and processed. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 41(6), 994-999. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.014Giardina, P., Palmieri, G., Fontanella, B., Rivieccio, V., & Sannia, G. (2000). Manganese Peroxidase Isoenzymes Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Wood Sawdust. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 376(1), 171-179. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1691Cardador-Martínez, A., Loarca-Piña, G., & Oomah, B. D. (2002). Antioxidant Activity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)§. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(24), 6975-6980. doi:10.1021/jf020296nPeterson, D. M. (2001). Oat Antioxidants. Journal of Cereal Science, 33(2), 115-129. doi:10.1006/jcrs.2000.0349Sharma, R. K., & Arora, D. S. (2013). Fungal degradation of lignocellulosic residues: An aspect of improved nutritive quality. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 41(1), 52-60. doi:10.3109/1040841x.2013.791247Xu, B. J., & Chang, S. K. C. (2008). Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Eclipse Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Processing Methods. Journal of Food Science, 73(2), H19-H27. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00625.xBouayed, J., Hoffmann, L., & Bohn, T. (2011). Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of apple varieties: Bioaccessibility and potential uptake. Food Chemistry, 128(1), 14-21. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.052Mojica, L., Chen, K., & de Mejía, E. G. (2014). Impact of Commercial Precooking of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on the Generation of Peptides, After Pepsin-Pancreatin Hydrolysis, Capable to Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV. Journal of Food Science, 80(1), H188-H198. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12726Dias, D. R., Abreu, C. M. P. de, Silvestre, M. P. C., & Schwan, R. F. (2010). In vitro protein digestibility of enzymatically pre-treated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour using commercial protease and Bacillus sp. protease. Food Science and Technology, 30(1), 94-99. doi:10.1590/s0101-20612010005000010Starzyńska-Janiszewska, A., Stodolak, B., & Mickowska, B. (2013). Effect of controlled lactic acid fermentation on selected bioactive and nutritional parameters of tempeh obtained from unhulled common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ) seeds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(2), 359-366. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6385Mkandawire, N. L., Weier, S. A., Weller, C. L., Jackson, D. S., & Rose, D. J. (2015). Composition, in vitro digestibility, and sensory evaluation of extruded whole grain sorghum breakfast cereals. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 62(1), 662-667. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.051Tripathi, J. P., & Yadav, J. S. (1992). Optimisation of solid substrate fermentation of wheat straw into animal feed by Pleurotus ostreatus: a pilot effort. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 37(1-2), 59-72. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(92)90120-uAW, T.-L., & SWANSON, B. G. (2006). Influence of Tannin on Phaseolus vulgaris Protein Digestibility and Quality. Journal of Food Science, 50(1), 67-71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13279.xDíaz, A. M., Caldas, G. V., & Blair, M. W. (2010). Concentrations of condensed tannins and anthocyanins in common bean seed coats. Food Research International, 43(2), 595-601. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.014Martínez, D. A., Buglione, M. B., Filippi, M. V., Reynoso, L. del C., Rodríguez, G. E., & Agüero, M. S. (2015). Mycelial growth evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agrocybe aegerita on pear pomaces. Anales de Biología, (37). doi:10.6018/analesbio.37.1Hernández-Luna, C. E., Gutiérrez-Soto, G., & Salcedo-Martínez, S. M. (2007). Screening for decolorizing basidiomycetes in Mexico. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(4), 465-473. doi:10.1007/s11274-007-9495-3Gan, R.-Y., Li, H.-B., Gunaratne, A., Sui, Z.-Q., & Corke, H. (2017). Effects of Fermented Edible Seeds and Their Products on Human Health: Bioactive Components and Bioactivities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(3), 489-531. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12257Hu, J., & Duvnjak, Z. (2004). Production of a Laccase and Decrease of the Phenolic Content in Canola Meal during the Growth of the FungusPleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation Processes. Engineering in Life Sciences, 4(1), 50-55. doi:10.1002/elsc.200400005Lamothe, S., Corbeil, M.-M., Turgeon, S. L., & Britten, M. (2012). Influence of cheese matrix on lipid digestion in a simulated gastro-intestinal environment. Food & Function, 3(7), 724. doi:10.1039/c2fo10256kMinekus, M., Alminger, M., Alvito, P., Ballance, S., Bohn, T., Bourlieu, C., … Brodkorb, A. (2014). A standardised staticin vitrodigestion method suitable for food – an international consensus. Food Funct., 5(6), 1113-1124. doi:10.1039/c3fo60702jSathya, A., & Siddhuraju, P. (2013). Effect of Indigenous Processing Methods on Phenolics and Antioxidant Potential of Underutilized LegumesAcacia auriculiformisandParkia roxburghii. Journal of Food Quality, 36(2), 98-112. doi:10.1111/jfq.12024Reyes-Moreno, C., Cuevas-Rodríguez, E., Milán-Carrillo, J., Cárdenas-Valenzuela, O., & Barrón-Hoyos, J. (2004). Solid state fermentation process for producing chickpea(Cicer arietinum L) tempeh flour. Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the product. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(3), 271-278. doi:10.1002/jsfa.163

Actualidad y futuro del derecho procesal. Principios, reglas y pruebas

A la administración de justicia suelen formulársele todo tipo de críticas; sin embargo, una de las formas en que desde la academia podemos contribuir al mejoramiento de la misma consiste en conocer y estudiar con rigurosidad científica los diversos mecanismos que el legislador con apoyo en la doctrina y la jurisprudencia ha concebido para su puesta en práctica. Con ese propósito, en este libro conmemorativo de la expedición de los 40 años del Código de Procedimiento Civil colombiano el lector encontrará variadas, modernas y muy serias posturas ideológicas y jurídicas expresadas por juristas nacionales e internacionales, acerca de temas de tanta trascendencia para el derecho procesal como son el rol que debe asumir el juez en procura de hacer efectivas las garantías del proceso, la inseguridad jurídica que surge de una falta de metodología en la aplicación de los principios constitucionales y las reglas del procedimiento, el replanteamiento de la prueba de oficio, la actual visión en torno a las medidas cautelares y los medios de prueba electrónicos, el instituto de la perención o la figura del litisconsorcio necesario y las consecuencias de la solidaridad en los procesos ejecutivos que se adelantan con base en un título hipotecario

Cardiac electrical defects in progeroid mice and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome patients with nuclear lamina alterations

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease caused by defective prelamin A processing, leading to nuclear lamina alterations, severe cardiovascular pathology, and premature death. Prelamin A alterations also occur in physiological aging. It remains unknown how defective prelamin A processing affects the cardiac rhythm. We show age-dependent cardiac repolarization abnormalities in HGPS patients that are also present in the Zmpste24−/− mouse model of HGPS. Challenge of Zmpste24−/− mice with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol did not trigger ventricular arrhythmia but caused bradycardia-related premature ventricular complexes and slow-rate polymorphic ventricular rhythms during recovery. Patch-clamping in Zmpste24−/− cardiomyocytes revealed prolonged calcium-transient duration and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium loading and release, consistent with the absence of isoproterenol-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Zmpste24−/− progeroid mice also developed severe fibrosis-unrelated bradycardia and PQ interval and QRS complex prolongation. These conduction defects were accompanied by overt mislocalization of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Remarkably, Cx43 mislocalization was also evident in autopsied left ventricle tissue from HGPS patients, suggesting intercellular connectivity alterations at late stages of the disease. The similarities between HGPS patients and progeroid mice reported here strongly suggest that defective cardiac repolarization and cardiomyocyte connectivity are important abnormalities in the HGPS pathogenesis that increase the risk of arrhythmia and premature death

Sostenibilidad ambiental : biotecnología, agroecología, industria

Libro producto del Primer Congreso Nacional de Sostenibilidad Ambiental del Centro Acuícola y Agroindustrial de Gaira - SENA Magdalena en el que desde las áreas de biotecnología, agroindustria, agroecología, ambiental e industrial se presentan diferentes resultados de investigaciones.Book product of the First National Congress of Environmental Sustainability of the Aquaculture and Agroindustrial Center of Gaira - SENA Magdalena in which different research results are presented from the areas of biotechnology, agroindustry, agroecology, environment and industry.Desarrollo de alternativas para transformación de residuos orgánicos generados en plazas de mercado en Barrancabermeja -- Eficiencia eco pedagógica del Parque Educativo del Colegio Técnico Metropolitano de Barranquilla para contribuir a la solución de la problemática ambiental -- Evaluación del efecto fungicida y acaricida de extractos naturales para el control de plagas en cultivos de fresa fragaria -- Establecimiento de sistemas silvopastoriles como alternativa para mejorar la actividad ganadera -- Validación de métodos de propagación Ochroma pyramidale en el municipio de Isnos, Huila -- Caracterización de propiedades físico-mecánicas de la madera algarrobo (Hymenea coubaril) bajo diferentes condiciones de secadona113 página

EUSO-SPB1 mission and science

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) was launched in 2017 April from Wanaka, New Zealand. The plan of this mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight was to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray extensive air showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence telescope from suborbital altitude (33 km). After 12 days and 4 h aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean. Before the flight, the instrument was tested extensively in the West Desert of Utah, USA, with UV point sources and lasers. The test results indicated that the instrument had sensitivity to EASs of ⪆ 3 EeV. Simulations of the telescope system, telescope on time, and realized flight trajectory predicted an observation of about 1 event assuming clear sky conditions. The effects of high clouds were estimated to reduce this value by approximately a factor of 2. A manual search and a machine-learning-based search did not find any EAS signals in these data. Here we review the EUSO-SPB1 instrument and flight and the EAS search

Measurement of UV light emission of the nighttime Earth by Mini-EUSO for space-based UHECR observations

The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at the realization of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation using wide field of view fluorescence detectors in orbit. Ultra-violet (UV) light emission from the atmosphere such as airglow and anthropogenic light on the Earth\u27s surface are the main background for the space-based UHECR observations. The Mini-EUSO mission has been operated on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2019 which is the first space-based experiment for the program. The Mini-EUSO instrument consists of a 25 cm refractive optics and the photo-detector module with the 2304-pixel array of the multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. On the nadir-looking window of the ISS, the instrument is capable of continuously monitoring a ~300 km x 300 km area. In the present work, we report the preliminary result of the measurement of the UV light in the nighttime Earth using the Mini-EUSO data downlinked to the ground. We mapped UV light distribution both locally and globally below the ISS obit. Simulations were also made to characterize the instrument response to diffuse background light. We discuss the impact of such light on space-based UHECR observations and the Mini-EUSO science objectives

EUSO-SPB2 Telescope Optics and Testing

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory - Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission will fly two custom telescopes that feature Schmidt optics to measure Cherenkov- and fluorescence emission of extensive air showers from cosmic rays at the PeV and EeV-scale, and search for τ-neutrinos. Both telescopes have 1-meter diameter apertures and UV/UV-visible sensitivity. The Cherenkov telescope uses a bifocal mirror segment alignment, to distinguish between a direct cosmic ray that hits the camera versus the Cherenkov light from outside the telescope. Telescope integration and laboratory calibration will be performed in Colorado. To estimate the point spread function and efficiency of the integrated telescopes, a test beam system that delivers a 1-meter diameter parallel beam of light is being fabricated. End-to-end tests of the fully integrated instruments will be carried out in a field campaign at dark sites in the Utah desert using cosmic rays, stars, and artificial light sources. Laser tracks have long been used to characterize the performance of fluorescence detectors in the field. For EUSO-SPB2 an improvement in the method that includes a correction for aerosol attenuation is anticipated by using a bi-dynamic Lidar configuration in which both the laser and the telescope are steerable. We plan to conduct these field tests in Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 to accommodate the scheduled launch of EUSO-SPB2 in 2023 from Wanaka, New Zealand