Revisión de la literatura de Implementación de BESS en DER

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) have been a fundamental part of the inclusion of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the generation and distribution system. This work shows an exhaustive review of the different approaches that the authors have developed when implementing BESS in DER, its scope and applications in different environments, observing that the most covered topics are Smart Grid (SG), Distributed Generation (DG), Energy Storage (ES) and where little information is found on the topics of Electric Vehicles (EV), Advanced Measurement (AM) and Demand Response (DR), this is to give an overview of the progress the authors have had and it allows to know in which field of application less information is found, facilitating the search for new researchers.Los recursos energéticos distribuidos (DER) han sido parte fundamental para la inclusión de los Sistemas de almacenamiento de baterías (BESS) al sistema de generación y distribución. Este trabajo muestra una revisión exhaustiva de los diferentes enfoques que han desarrollado los autores al implementar BESS en DER sus alcances y aplicaciones en diferentes entornos, observando que los temas más abarcados son Smart Grid (SG), Generación Distribuida (GD) , Almacenamiento de Energía (AE) y en donde se encuentra poca información son los temas de Vehículos eléctricos (VE), Medición Avanzada (MA) y Respuesta a la Demanda (RD), esto tiene como fin dar una visión mas general sobre los avances que han tenido los autores y permite conocer en qué campo de aplicación se encuentra menos información facilitando la búsqueda de los nuevos investigadores

MOTION OF A LARGE OBJECT IN A 2D BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED

The motion of a large object in a bubbling fluidized bed is experimentally studied using digital image analysis. A wide range of fluidized bed applications involves the motion of large objects within the bed, such objects being reactants, catalysts, agglomerates, etc. The experiments were run in a 2D bubbling fluidized bed with glass spheres as bed material. The object motion is measured using tracking techniques, while independent measurements of the dense phase velocity (using PIV) and bubble velocity were carried out. The effect of the excess gas velocity on the object motion was also analyzed. It is generally accepted that objects with densities in a range around the bed density will describe sinking-rising cycles throughout the whole bed, where the sinking motion is similar to that of the dense phase, and the rising motion is composed of a number of sudden jerks or jumps, as a result of the raising effect of passing bubbles. This work characterized the circulation patterns of an object with a density similar to that of the bed material, but much larger in size. A comparison between the object rising motion and the local bubble motion provided evidence for the study of the bubble ability to raise the object, depending on the bubble velocity and size. A comparison between the object sinking motion and the dense phase motion served to analyze the minor effect of buoyancy forces over the object sinking motion. Finally, the combined effects of the maximum attained depth and the number of jerks in the circulation time is studied, with some insight in the multiple-jerks phenomenon

Imatinib therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia restores the expression levels of key genes for DNA damage and cell-cycle progression

[EN] Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disorder of the hematopoietic system caused by the expression of the BCR/ABL fusion oncogene. It is well known that CML cells are genetically unstable. However, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire genetic alterations are poorly understood. Imatinib mesylate is the standard therapy for newly diagnosed CML patients. Imatinib mesylate targets the oncogenic kinase activity of BCR-ABL. Objective To study the gene expression profile of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in the same patients with CML before and 1 month after imatinib therapy. Methods Samples from patients with CML were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip Expression Arrays. Results A total of 594 differentially expressed genes, most of which (393 genes) were downregulated, as a result of imatinib therapy were observed. Conclusion The blockade of oncoprotein Bcr-Abl by imatinib could cause a decrease in the expression of key DNA repair genes and substantially modify the expression profile of the bone marrow cells in the first days of therapy

Genome-wide profiling of methylation identifies novel targets with aberrant hyper-methylation and reduced expression in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes

Gene expression profiling signatures may be used to classify the subtypes of Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, there are few reports on the global methylation status in MDS. The integration of genome-wide epigenetic regulatory marks with gene expression levels would provide additional information regarding the biological differences between MDS and healthy controls. Gene expression and methylation status were measured using high-density microarrays. A total of 552 differentially methylated CpG loci were identified as being present in low-risk MDS; hypermethylated genes were more frequent than hypomethylated genes. In addition, mRNA expression profiling identified 1005 genes that significantly differed between low-risk MDS and the control group. Integrative analysis of the epigenetic and expression profiles revealed that 66.7% of the hypermethylated genes were underexpressed in low-risk MDS cases. Gene network analysis revealed molecular mechanisms associated with the low-risk MDS group, including altered apoptosis pathways. The two key apoptotic genes BCL2 and ETS1 were identified as silenced genes. In addition, the immune response and micro RNA biogenesis were affected by the hypermethylation and underexpression of IL27RA and DICER1. Our integrative analysis revealed that aberrant epigenetic regulation is a hallmark of low-risk MDS patients and could have a central role in these diseases. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved

Using GPUs in Real-Time Applications: A Review of Techniques for Analyzing and Optimizing the Timing Parameters

[EN] Autonomous driving is attracting an increasing attention in industry, not only in the automotive sector, but also in the transport of people or goods by road or railway and in more controlled manufacturing environments. The cyber-physical systems that are being proposed for this type of applications require a large computing capacity (hardware architectures with several cores, GPUs, NPUs...) to be able to attend and react to a multiple and complex amount of sensors (cameras, radar, LiDAR, measure of distance, etc.). On the other hand, this type of system must meet both safety and real-time requirements. This last aspect poses challenges on which intensive work is being done and on which there are still many open issues. In this work, a review of the most recent literature on the use of heterogeneous architectures with GPUs in real-time applications is made. These works mainly propose some solutions to the estimation of bounds to the execution times and response times, and consider different optimization strategies emphasising memory interference mitigation.[ES] La conducción autónoma despierta un interés cada vez mayor en la industria, no solo en el sector de la automoción, sino también en el transporte de personas o mercancías por carretera o ferrocarril y en entornos de fabricación más controlados. Los sistemas ciber-físicos que se están proponiendo para este tipo de aplicaciones requieren de una gran capacidad de cómputo (arquitecturas hardware con varios núcleos, GPUs, NPUs ) para poder atender y reaccionar a una múltiple y compleja cantidad de sensores (cámaras, radar, LiDAR, medida de distancia, etc.). Por otro lado, este tipo de sistemas debe atender a requisitos de seguridad funcional y también de tiempo real. Este último aspecto plantea retos en los que se está trabajando intensamente y en los que aún quedan muchas cuestiones por resolver. En este trabajo, se hace una revisión de la literatura más reciente del uso de arquitecturas heterogéneas con GPUs en aplicaciones de tiempo real. Estos trabajos proponen soluciones para la estimación de cotas de tiempos de ejecución y respuesta temporal, proponiendo diferentes estrategias de optimización destacando la mitigación de interferencia en la memoria.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” a través de las subvenciones PID2021-124502OB-C42 y PID2021-124502OB-C44 (PRESECREL).Gomez, I.; Díaz De Cerio, U.; Parra, J.; Rivas, JM.; Gutiérrez, JJ. (2023). Uso de GPUs en aplicaciones de tiempo real: Una revisión de técnicas para el análisis y optimización de parámetros temporales. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 21(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2023.2032111621

Impact of the Introduction of a Two-Step Laboratory Diagnostic Algorithm in the Incidence and Earlier Diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infection

Our aim was to determine changes in the incidence of CD infection (CDI) following the introduction of a two-step diagnostic algorithm and to analyze CDI cases diagnosed in the study period. We retrospectively studied CDI (January 2009 to July 2018) in adults diagnosed by toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (2009-2012) or toxin-EIA + polymerase chain reaction (PCR) algorithm (2013 onwards). A total of 443 patients with a first episode of CDI were included, 297 (67.1%) toxin-EIA-positive and 146 (32.9%) toxin-EIA-negative/PCR-positive were only identified through the two-step algorithm including the PCR test. The incidence of CDI increased from 0.9 to 4.7/10,000 patient-days (p < 0.01) and 146 (32.9%) toxin-negative CDI were diagnosed. Testing rate increased from 24.4 to 59.5/10,000 patient-days (p < 0.01) and the percentage of positive stools rose from 3.9% to 12.5% (p < 0.01). CD toxin-positive patients had a higher frequency of severe presentation and a lower rate of immunosuppressive drugs and inflammatory bowel disease. Mortality (16.3%) was significantly higher in patients with hematological neoplasm, intensive care unit admission and complicated disease. Recurrences (14.9%) were significantly higher with proton pump inhibitor exposure. The two-step diagnostic algorithm facilitates earlier diagnosis, potentially impacting patient outcomes and nosocomial spread. CD-toxin-positive patients had a more severe clinical presentation, probably due to increased CD bacterial load with higher toxin concentration. This early and easy marker should alert clinicians of potentially more severe outcomes

From FMTV to WATERS: Lessons Learned from the First Verification Challenge at ECRTS

We present here the main features and lessons learned from the first edition of what has now become the ECRTS industrial challenge, together with the final description of the challenge and a comparative overview of the proposed solutions. This verification challenge, proposed by Thales, was first discussed in 2014 as part of a dedicated workshop (FMTV, a satellite event of the FM 2014 conference), and solutions were discussed for the first time at the WATERS 2015 workshop. The use case for the verification challenge is an aerial video tracking system. A specificity of this system lies in the fact that periods are constant but known with a limited precision only. The first part of the challenge focuses on the video frame processing system. It consists in computing maximum values of the end-to-end latency of the frames sent by the camera to the display, for two different buffer sizes, and then the minimum duration between two consecutive frame losses. The second challenge is about computing end-to-end latencies on the tracking and camera control for two different values of jitter. Solutions based on five different tools - Fiacre/Tina, CPAL (simulation and analysis), IMITATOR, UPPAAL and MAST - were submitted for discussion at WATERS 2015. While none of these solutions provided a full answer to the challenge, a combination of several of them did allow to draw some conclusions

Stroma-Mediated Resistance to S63845 and Venetoclax through MCL-1 and BCL-2 Expression Changes Induced by miR-193b-3p and miR-21-5p Dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma.

BH3-mimetics targeting anti-apoptotic proteins such as MCL-1 (S63845) or BCL-2 (venetoclax) are currently being evaluated as effective therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Interleukin 6, produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), has been shown to modify the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and their interaction with the pro-apoptotic BIM protein in MM cells. In this study, we assess the efficacy of S63845 and venetoclax in MM cells in direct co-culture with MSCs derived from MM patients (pMSCs) to identify additional mechanisms involved in the stroma-induced resistance to these agents. MicroRNAs miR-193b-3p and miR-21-5p emerged among the top deregulated miRNAs in myeloma cells when directly co-cultured with pMSCs, and we show their contribution to changes in MCL-1 and BCL-2 protein expression and in the activity of S63845 and venetoclax. Additionally, direct contact with pMSCs under S63845 and/or venetoclax treatment modifies myeloma cell dependence on different BCL-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins in relation to BIM, making myeloma cells more dependent on the non-targeted anti-apoptotic protein or BCL-XL. Finally, we show a potent effect of the combination of S63845 and venetoclax even in the presence of pMSCs, which supports this combinatorial approach for the treatment of MM