La infancia contemporánea y los dispositivos de control cultural: entretenimiento y consumismo

The questions that motivate this reflection paper are: What are the experiences that are marking children's subjectivity in this moment of global capitalist crisis? How do the new information technologies configure the experience of contemporary childhood? An interpretative answer will be given, taking as a reference the passage from disciplinary societies to societies of control (Deleuze), based on the technologies of action at a distance: image, sound and data (Lazzarato). It concludes with the idea that a kind of informational neonormalization is taking place. The confined body of children must respond to the demands of a system, or rather, of a macrosystem that reproduces itself with the logic of competitiveness, consumerism and training, in cultural devices for the constitution of subjectivity.Las preguntas que motivan este artículo de reflexión son: ¿Cuáles son las experiencias que están marcando la subjetividad infantil en este momento de crisis mundial capitalista? ¿Cómo las nuevas tecnologías de la información configuran la experiencia de la infancia contemporánea? Se responderá de manera interpretativa tomando como referencia el paso de las sociedades disciplinarias a las sociedades de control (Deleuze), basadas en las tecnologías de acción a distancia: imagen, sonido y datos, (Lazzarato). Se concluye con la idea de que está sobreviniendo una especie de neonormalización informacional. El cuerpo confinado de los niños y niñas debe responder ante las demandas de un sistema, o mejor, de un macrosistema que se reproduce con la lógica de competitividad, el consumismo y la formación, en dispositivos culturales de constitución de la subjetividad

Estrategia lúdico-pedagógica dirigida a niños y niñas de transición para el fortalecimiento de la atención sostenida en su proceso de aprendizaje

Este estudio plantea como objetivo principal implementar una estrategia lúdica pedagógica dirigida a niños y niñas de transición, para el fortalecimiento de los niveles de atención en su proceso de aprendizaje; para lo cual, fue necesario desarrollar una investigación con un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo y con aplicación del método inductivo. Se diseñaron encuestas dirigidas a los niños, profesores y padres de familia; las cuales arrojaron información que sumada a la observación no estructurada, realizada al colegio, en su entorno físico y las características de los docentes; aportaron datos necesarios que generaron las directrices para el diseño de la estrategia. Fue seleccionado el grado transición con una población y muestra de nueve estudiantes, cuatro niños y cinco niñas; dando como resultado la posibilidad de reducir la influencia del ruido en la interiorización del conocimiento y el nivel de atención del estudiante a través de la utilización de la estrategia ludo-pedagógica llamada “Triqui Mágico”

Correlación de los modelos pedagógicos y el currículo en el contexto educativo

El artículo plantea conocer las diferentes posturas que existen frente a los modelos pedagógicos y su relación con el currículo, partiendo de la orientación del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje realizado por los educadores en las instituciones educativas. Los modelos pedagógicos son los lineamientos que orientan al docente y permiten la actuación dentro de la práctica educativa, a partir de un patrón establecido y buscando el fortalecimiento de conocimientos que se sustentan bajo un enfoque específico. La realidad del aula frente a la percepción de una educación de calidad permite reconocer como factor influyente, pero negativo, el bajo nivel en la aplicación del currículo por parte del docente, debido a la falta de información y mínimas competencias sobre las principales estrategias que se requieren para la implementación del modelo pedagógico adoptado por la institución.The purpose of the present study is to know the different positions that exist in relation to the pedagogical models and their relation with the curriculum, starting from the orientation of the teaching and learning process carried out by the educators in the educational institutions. The pedagogical models are the guidelines that lead the teacher and allow their action within the educational practice, based on an established pattern and seeking the strengthening of knowledge that is sustained under a specific focus. The classroom reality compared to the perception of quality education, allows to recognize an influential but negative factor, the low level in the application of the curriculum by the teacher, due to the lack of information and minimal competences on the main strategies that are required for the implementation of the pedagogical model adopted by the institution

Brain tissue recovery in obstructive congenital hydrocephalus after intraventricular transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Introduction: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are a potential therapeutic tool due to their ability for migrating and producing neuroprotector factors when transplanted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-time effects of a BM-MSC experimental therapy in the hyh mouse model with severe obstructive hydrocephalus. Methods: BM-MSC were characterized in vitro and then injected into the ventricles of hyh mice. Wild-type and saline-injected hyh mice were used as controls. Samples were studied by analyzing and comparing mRNA, protein and metabolites level expression in control and damaged tissue. Results: Undifferentiated BM-MSC were found to: i) spread into the periventricular astrocyte reaction region after four days post-injection, and, ii) be producing neuroprotector factors (GDNF and VEGF). Astrocytes located in periventricular edematous region increased their aquaporin-4 expression, as well as Slit2 expression (neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory molecule). There was also a significant reduction of osmolytes such as taurine and neuroexcytotoxic glutamate. Halved apoptotic cell death was detected in the periventricular walls. Conclusions: BM-MSC lead to recovery of the severe neurodegenerative conditions associated to congenital hydrocephalus mediated by reactive astrocytes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER)

Mural Endocarditis: The GAMES Registry Series and Review of the Literature

Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis—Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis infecciosa en España (GAMES).[Introduction] Mural infective endocarditis (MIE) is a rare type of endovascular infection. We present a comprehensive series of patients with mural endocarditis.[Methods] Patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) from 35 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between 2008 and 2017. MIEs were compared to non-MIEs. We also performed a literature search for cases of MIE published between 1979 and 2019 and compared them to the GAMEs series.[Results] Twenty-seven MIEs out of 3676 IEs were included. When compared to valvular IE (VIE) or device-associated IE (DIE), patients with MIE were younger (median age 59 years, p < 0.01). Transplantation (18.5% versus 1.6% VIE and 2% DIE, p < 0.01), hemodialysis (18.5% versus 4.3% VIE and 4.4% DIE, p = 0.006), catheter source (59.3% versus 9.7% VIE and 8.8% DIE, p < 0.01) and Candida etiology (22.2% versus 2% DIE and 1.2% VIE, p < 0.01) were more common in MIE, whereas the Charlson Index was lower (4 versus 5 in non-MIE, p = 0.006). Mortality was similar. MIE from the literature shared many characteristics with MIE from GAMES, although patients were younger (45 years vs. 56 years, p < 0.001), the Charlson Index was lower (1.3 vs. 4.3, p = 0.0001), catheter source was less common (13.9% vs. 59.3%) and there were more IVDUs (25% vs. 3.7%). S. aureus was the most frequent microorganism (50%, p = 0.035). Systemic complications were more common but mortality was similar.[Conclusion] MIE is a rare entity. It is often a complication of catheter use, particularly in immunocompromised and hemodialysis patients. Fungal etiology is common. Mortality is similar to other IEs.Peer reviewe

Mural Endocarditis: The GAMES Registry Series and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Mural infective endocarditis (MIE) is a rare type of endovascular infection. We present a comprehensive series of patients with mural endocarditis. Methods: Patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) from 35 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between 2008 and 2017. MIEs were compared to non-MIEs. We also performed a literature search for cases of MIE published between 1979 and 2019 and compared them to the GAMEs series. Results: Twenty-seven MIEs out of 3676 IEs were included. When compared to valvular IE (VIE) or device-associated IE (DIE), patients with MIE were younger (median age 59 years, p \0.01). Transplantation (18.5% versus 1.6% VIE and 2% DIE, p \ 0.01), hemodialysis (18.5% versus 4.3% VIE and 4.4% DIE, p = 0.006), catheter source (59.3% versus 9.7% VIE and 8.8% DIE, p \ 0.01) and Candida etiology (22.2% versus 2% DIE and 1.2% VIE, p \ 0.01) were more common in MIE, whereas the Charlson Index was lower (4 versus 5 in non MIE, p = 0.006). Mortality was similar.MIE from the literature shared many characteristics with MIE from GAMES, although patients were younger (45 years vs. 56 years, p \ 0.001), the Charlson Index was lower (1.3 vs. 4.3, p = 0.0001), catheter source was less common (13.9% vs. 59.3%) and there were more IVDUs (25% vs. 3.7%). S. aureus was the most frequent microorganism (50%, p = 0.035). Systemic complications were more common but mortality was similar. Conclusion: MIE is a rare entity. It is often a complication of catheter use, particularly in immunocompromised and hemodialysis patients. Fungal etiology is common. Mortality is similar to other IEs

Mural Endocarditis: The GAMES Registry Series and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Mural infective endocarditis (MIE) is a rare type of endovascular infection. We present a comprehensive series of patients with mural endocarditis. Methods: Patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) from 35 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between 2008 and 2017. MIEs were compared to non-MIEs. We also performed a literature search for cases of MIE published between 1979 and 2019 and compared them to the GAMEs series. Results: Twenty-seven MIEs out of 3676 IEs were included. When compared to valvular IE (VIE) or device-associated IE (DIE), patients with MIE were younger (median age 59 years, p < 0.01). Transplantation (18.5% versus 1.6% VIE and 2% DIE, p < 0.01), hemodialysis (18.5% versus 4.3% VIE and 4.4% DIE, p = 0.006), catheter source (59.3% versus 9.7% VIE and 8.8% DIE, p < 0.01) and Candida etiology (22.2% versus 2% DIE and 1.2% VIE, p < 0.01) were more common in MIE, whereas the Charlson Index was lower (4 versus 5 in non-MIE, p = 0.006). Mortality was similar. MIE from the literature shared many characteristics with MIE from GAMES, although patients were younger (45 years vs. 56 years, p < 0.001), the Charlson Index was lower (1.3 vs. 4.3, p = 0.0001), catheter source was less common (13.9% vs. 59.3%) and there were more IVDUs (25% vs. 3.7%). S. aureus was the most frequent microorganism (50%, p = 0.035). Systemic complications were more common but mortality was similar. Conclusion: MIE is a rare entity. It is often a complication of catheter use, particularly in immunocompromised and hemodialysis patients. Fungal etiology is common. Mortality is similar to other IEs

Generation of periventricular reactive astrocytes overexpressing aquaporin 4 Is stimulated by mesenchymal stem cell therapy

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a crucial role in brain water circulation and is considered a therapeutic target in hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus is associated with a reaction of astrocytes in the periventricular white matter both in experimental models and human cases. A previous report showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplanted into the lateral ventricles of hyh mice exhibiting severe congenital hydrocephalus are attracted by the periventricular astrocyte reaction, and the cerebral tissue displays recovery. The present investigation aimed to test the effect of BM-MSC treatment on astrocyte reaction formation. BM-MSCs were injected into the lateral ventricles of four-day-old hyh mice, and the periventricular reaction was detected two weeks later. A protein expression analysis of the cerebral tissue differentiated the BM-MSC-treated mice from the controls and revealed effects on neural development. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, BM-MSCs stimulated the generation of periventricular reactive astrocytes overexpressing AQP4 and its regulatory protein kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220). In the cerebral tissue, mRNA overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) could be related to the regulation of the astrocyte reaction and AQP4 expression. In conclusion, BM-MSC treatment in hydrocephalus can stimulate a key developmental process such as the periventricular astrocyte reaction, where AQP4 overexpression could be implicated in tissue recovery.The present work was supported by grants PI15/00619 and PI19/00778 (to A.J.J. and P.P.-G.), PI21/000914 (to J.V.) and PI21/000915 (to A.G.) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from the European Union; PI18-RT-2233 from Junta de Andalucía (to A.G.) co-financed by Programa Operativo FEDER 2014–2020; PID2020-115218RB-I00 to T.I., funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) to J.V., T.I. and A.G.; FPU13/02906 to MG-B from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spain; RYC-2014-16980 to P.P.-G. from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; UMA18-FEDERJA-277 from Plan Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 and Universidad de Málaga to P.P.-G.; Proyectos dirigidos por jóvenes investigadores from Universidad de Málaga to P.P.-G. The cost of this publication has been paid in art by “ERDF A way of making Europe” funds. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga

Environmental education through research as a pedagogical strategy in school

En Colombia los lineamientos curriculares del Ministerio de Educación Nacional buscan promover una formación en ciencia tecnología e innovación, mediante estrategias estructuradas y articuladas al plan de estudios para la enseñanza de investigación en el aula. El estudio tiene como objetivo promover la educación ambiental mediante la investigación como Estrategia Pedagógica (IEP), en la escuela. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo, utilizando el modelo de investigación por acción, desde un diseño descriptivo, para la recolección de datos se utilizó el diario de campo y la observación participante, la muestra estuvo conformada por ciento veinte (120) estudiantes de los grados, noveno, decimo y once con edades que oscilaron entre los catorce (14) y (18) años de edad de la Institución educativa la Candelaria. Los resultados arrojaron proyectos productivos ambientales transversales a las diferentes áreas del currículo que fueron socializados en una feria institucional como evento de apropiación social del conocimiento, aportando a las necesidades propias del municipio de Zona Bananera - Magdalena.In Colombia, the curricular guidelines of the Ministry of National Education seek to promote training in science, technology and innovation, through structured strategies and articulated to the curriculum for the teaching of research in the classroom. The objective of the study is to promote environmental education through research as a Pedagogical Strategy (IEP) at school. A qualitative study was carried out, using the action research model, from a descriptive design, for the data collection was used field diary and participant observation, the sample consisted of one hundred twenty (120) students of the degrees ninth and eleventh of the educational institution La Candelaria. The results yielded environmental productive projects transversal to the different areas of the curriculum that were socialized in an institutional fair as an event of social appropriation of knowledge, contributing to the needs of the municipality of Zona Bananera - Magdalena

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group