Desenvolvimento de protótipo embarcado para automatização da medida do tempo de cozimento de feijão.

O presente trabalho propicia o fortalecimento do protocolo de intenções entre a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás ? PUC-GO e a Embrapa, na geração de benefícios sociais, envolvendo equipe multidisciplinar, que propõe a finalização e validação de um produto envolvendo o hardware e software para se obter a automatização dessa análise laboratorial.CONAFE

Effect of band filling in the Kondo lattice: A mean-field approach

The usual Kondo-lattice, including an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between nearest-neighboring localized spins, is treated here in a mean-field scheme that introduces two mean-field parameters: one associated with the local Kondo effect, and the other related to the magnetic correlations between localized spins. Phases with short-range magnetic correlations or coexistence between those and the Kondo effect are obtained. By varying the number of electrons in the conduction band, we notice that the Kondo effect tends to be suppressed away from half filling, while magnetic correlations can survive if the Heisenberg coupling is strong enough. An enhanced linear coefficient of the specific heat is obtained at low temperatures in the metallic state.Comment: 7 pages, ReVTeX two-column, 7 figure

Analysis of paternal lineages in Brazilian and African populations

The present-day Brazilian population is a consequence of the admixture of various peoples of very different origins, namely, Amerindians, Europeans and Africans. The proportion of each genetic contribution is known to be very heterogeneous throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to compare the male lineages present in two distinct Brazilian populations, as well as to evaluate the African contribution to their male genetic substrate. Thus, two Brazilian population samples from Manaus (State of Amazon) and Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo) and three African samples from Guinea Bissau, Angola and Mozambique were typed for a set of nine Y chromosome specific STRs. The data were compared with those from African, Amerindian and European populations. By using Y-STR haplotype information, low genetic distances were found between the Manaus and Ribeirão Preto populations, as well as between these and others from Iberia. Likewise, no significant distances were observed between any of the African samples from Angola, Mozambique and Guinea Bissau. Highly significant Rst values were found between both Brazilian samples and all the African and Amerindian populations. The absence of a significant Sub-Saharan African male component resulting from the slave trade, and the low frequency in Amerindian ancestry Y-lineages in the Manaus and Ribeirão Preto population samples are in accordance with the accentuated gender asymmetry in admixture processes that has been systematically reported in colonial South American populations

Detecção em casa de vegetação e a campo da resposta fisiológica de milho sob ataque inicial de Spodoptera frugiperda e Dichelops melacanthus

A lagarta do cartucho do milho (LMC) Spodoptera frugiperda e o percevejo barriga verde PBV) Dichelops melacanthus são considerados pragas importantes para a produção de milho no nosso país. A perda da produtividade pelo ataque desses insetos é um desafio atual que torna necessário o estudo sobre possíveis formas de manejá-los. Uma dessas formas seria através da detecção precoce de seus ataques, uma vez que permitirá o uso estratégico de métodos de controle, bem como o aumento da qualidade e da produtividade da cultura. Com este propósito, o uso de técnicas fotônicas que possibilitam analisar a cinética da fluorescência da clorofila vem sendo estudado como método promissor nesse diagnóstico precoce. A pesquisa objetivou detectar, via técnica fotônica, os estresses causados pelas pragas antes mesmo que as plantas comecem a apresentar sintomas ou injúrias. Plantas de milho das cultivares Zapalotes chico (LE) e Sintético Spodoptera (SE) foram cultivadas em vaso e mantidas em casa de vegetação até o desenvolvimento fenológico V a V (duas a 2 3 três folhas expandidas), por ocasião da infestação com cinco insetos por planta, sendo lagartas de primeiro instar de LCM ou adultos de PBV com 4 a 7 dias de emergência. As medidas de fluorescência foram realizadas no equipamento Closed FluorCam FC800-C, mantido em sala com condição de 22 a 25°C e 60 a 70% UR. As medidas ocorreram nos períodos de 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a infestação das plantas com os insetos. Foram avaliadas oito plantas distintas em cada período de avaliação, sendo quatro infestadas e quatro sadias. Antes das leituras de fluorescência, as plantas permaneceram em ambiente escuro por 30 minutos para interrupção da atividade fotossintética. Os dados obtidos foram processados no programa FluorCam7, onde foram geradas 48 observações de plantas que sofreram ataques do insetos e 48 observações de plantas que não sofreram o ataque, com 80 atributos de médias e 80 atributos de desvios padrões dos parâmetros. Com os atributos padronizados e em um modelo Support Vector Machine e Recursive Feture Elimination, conseguiu-se uma taxa de acerto de 83% para detecção precoce de ataque por LCM com identificação 24 horas após a infestação e 81% para PBV com identificação 8 horas após a infestação. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica fotônica de fluorescência foi capaz de detectar o estresse causado pelas pragas antes das plantas apresentarem sintomas e com alta sensibilidade

Two-dimensional SIR epidemics with long range infection

We extend a recent study of susceptible-infected-removed epidemic processes with long range infection (referred to as I in the following) from 1-dimensional lattices to lattices in two dimensions. As in I we use hashing to simulate very large lattices for which finite size effects can be neglected, in spite of the assumed power law $p({\bf x})\sim |{\bf x}|^{-\sigma-2}$ for the probability that a site can infect another site a distance vector ${\bf x}$ apart. As in I we present detailed results for the critical case, for the supercritical case with $\sigma = 2$, and for the supercritical case with $0< \sigma < 2$. For the latter we verify the stretched exponential growth of the infected cluster with time predicted by M. Biskup. For $\sigma=2$ we find generic power laws with $\sigma-$dependent exponents in the supercritical phase, but no Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) like critical point as in 1-d. Instead of diverging exponentially with the distance from the critical point, the correlation length increases with an inverse power, as in an ordinary critical point. Finally we study the dependence of the critical exponents on $\sigma$ in the regime $0<\sigma <2$, and compare with field theoretic predictions. In particular we discuss in detail whether the critical behavior for $\sigma$ slightly less than 2 is in the short range universality class, as conjectured recently by F. Linder {\it et al.}. As in I we also consider a modified version of the model where only some of the contacts are long range, the others being between nearest neighbors. If the number of the latter reaches the percolation threshold, the critical behavior is changed but the supercritical behavior stays qualitatively the same.Comment: 14 pages, including 29 figure

Reconstructing the Indian Origin and Dispersal of the European Roma: A Maternal Genetic Perspective

Previous genetic, anthropological and linguistic studies have shown that Roma (Gypsies) constitute a founder population dispersed throughout Europe whose origins might be traced to the Indian subcontinent. Linguistic and anthropological evidence point to Indo-Aryan ethnic groups from North-western India as the ancestral parental population of Roma. Recently, a strong genetic hint supporting this theory came from a study of a private mutation causing primary congenital glaucoma. In the present study, complete mitochondrial control sequences of Iberian Roma and previously published maternal lineages of other European Roma were analyzed in order to establish the genetic affinities among Roma groups, determine the degree of admixture with neighbouring populations, infer the migration routes followed since the first arrival to Europe, and survey the origin of Roma within the Indian subcontinent. Our results show that the maternal lineage composition in the Roma groups follows a pattern of different migration routes, with several founder effects, and low effective population sizes along their dispersal. Our data allowed the confirmation of a North/West migration route shared by Polish, Lithuanian and Iberian Roma. Additionally, eleven Roma founder lineages were identified and degrees of admixture with host populations were estimated. Finally, the comparison with an extensive database of Indian sequences allowed us to identify the Punjab state, in North-western India, as the putative ancestral homeland of the European Roma, in agreement with previous linguistic and anthropological studies

Reconstructing Roma History from Genome-Wide Data

The Roma people, living throughout Europe and West Asia, are a diverse population linked by the Romani language and culture. Previous linguistic and genetic studies have suggested that the Roma migrated into Europe from South Asia about 1,000–1,500 years ago. Genetic inferences about Roma history have mostly focused on the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. To explore what additional information can be learned from genome-wide data, we analyzed data from six Roma groups that we genotyped at hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We estimate that the Roma harbor about 80% West Eurasian ancestry–derived from a combination of European and South Asian sources–and that the date of admixture of South Asian and European ancestry was about 850 years before present. We provide evidence for Eastern Europe being a major source of European ancestry, and North-west India being a major source of the South Asian ancestry in the Roma. By computing allele sharing as a measure of linkage disequilibrium, we estimate that the migration of Roma out of the Indian subcontinent was accompanied by a severe founder event, which appears to have been followed by a major demographic expansion after the arrival in Europe.Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok (OTKA K 103983)Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok (OTKA 73430)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (HOMINID grant 1032255)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant GM100233

Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians

Knowledge of high resolution Y-chromosome haplogroup diversification within Iran provides important geographic context regarding the spread and compartmentalization of male lineages in the Middle East and southwestern Asia. At present, the Iranian population is characterized by an extraordinary mix of different ethnic groups speaking a variety of Indo-Iranian, Semitic and Turkic languages. Despite these features, only few studies have investigated the multiethnic components of the Iranian gene pool. In this survey 938 Iranian male DNAs belonging to 15 ethnic groups from 14 Iranian provinces were analyzed for 84 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 10 STRs. The results show an autochthonous but non-homogeneous ancient background mainly composed by J2a sub-clades with different external contributions. The phylogeography of the main haplogroups allowed identifying post-glacial and Neolithic expansions toward western Eurasia but also recent movements towards the Iranian region from western Eurasia (R1b-L23), Central Asia (Q-M25), Asia Minor (J2a-M92) and southern Mesopotamia (J1-Page08). In spite of the presence of important geographic barriers (Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges, and the Dasht-e Kavir and Dash-e Lut deserts) which may have limited gene flow, AMOVA analysis revealed that language, in addition to geography, has played an important role in shaping the nowadays Iranian gene pool. Overall, this study provides a portrait of the Y-chromosomal variation in Iran, useful for depicting a more comprehensive history of the peoples of this area as well as for reconstructing ancient migration routes. In addition, our results evidence the important role of the Iranian plateau as source and recipient of gene flow between culturally and genetically distinct population