Euphorbia transtagana Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae) endemismo ibero-tingitano en España

New spanish record for Euphorbia transtagana Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Huelva (SW of Spain)Palabras clave. Corología, Flora Vascular, Euphorbia transtagana, Huelva, SO España.Key words. Chorology, Vascular Flora, Euphorbia transtagana, Huelva, SW of Spain

Walkability in the city of Madrid: integration of different tools and methods

En los últimos años han proliferado los estudios sobre la relación entre el entorno en el que vivimos y la salud. Particularmente, existen numerosos estudios en EEUU y Australia que relacionan la presencia de barrios más con mayor actividad física de sus residentes. No obstante, existe una falta de homogeneidad en la medición de la caminabilidad a diferentes escalas, especialmente para ciudades europeas, con un diseño diferente a los lugares donde fueron desarrolladas estas medidas. Además, estas medidas no suelen estar integrada con el resto de elementos de la ciudad que pueden influir en la salud (p ej. el entorno alimentario), ni con los elementos de la dinámica de las ciudades. Por tanto, el objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es el desarrollo e integración de diferentes métodos y herramientas para medir la caminabilidad, así como explorar el patrón socio-espacial de estas medidas. Para ello, se realizaron 3 diferentes estudios. En el primero de ellos, se desarrolló la herramienta Madrid Systematic and Pedestrian Cycling Scan (M-SPACES), y se validó su uso mediante la medición por imágenes virtuales proporcionadas por Google Street View. En el segundo estudio se testó en un barrio mediano en términos sociodemográficos de Madrid la integración de los datos de caminabilidad con otros datos cuantitativos de entorno urbano (uso de espacios públicos, disponibilidad de alimentos saludables, disponibilidad de alcohol y disponibilidad de tabaco), con datos cualitativos obtenidos a través de entrevistas, y con datos de salud cardiovascular de Historia clínica electrónica de Atención Primaria. El tercer estudio implicó la medición por bases de datos secundarias de un índice de caminabilidad para toda la ciudad de Madrid, donde encontramos que tiene una relación inversa con el nivel socioeconómico (las áreas con mejor nivel socioeconómico fueron, de media, las menos caminables); además, encontramos que en las áreas en gentrificación y en las áreas recién construidas esta relación desaparecía, lo que puede tener implicaciones en el futuro de las desigualdades sociales en actividad física en Madrid. Esta tesis implica el uso de diferentes medidas de caminabilidad a diferentes escalas. Las medidas directas permiten medir elementos de pequeña escala presentes en las calles, tales como el estado de la acera o la estética, mientras que las medidas mediante bases de datos secundarias permiten la extensión a gran escala. Asimismo, la integración de diferentes medidas y el uso de análisis por métodos mixtos cuantitativos y cualitativos son herramientas esenciales para medir fenómenos complejos como la relación entre el diseño de los barrios y la actividad física de los residentes. Por último, una mejor comprensión de la relación entre la forma urbana y la composición social de los barrios puede proporcionar elementos clave para la salud y para prevenir que la planificación urbana aumente las desigualdades en salud

Nuevas citas de dos ciperáceas raras en Andalucía

El estudio de materiales del género Carex (Cyperaceae) de los herbarios de E. Sánchez Gullón y P. Weickert nos ha permitido detectar dos importantes novedades corológicas en la comarca natural del Andévalo, en la provincia de Huelva (Andalucía): C. demissa Hornem. y C. helodes Link. Duplicados de estos pliegos han sido depositados en el herbario público UPOS de Sevilla. Con estos hallazgos se continúan los trabajos corológicos anteriores sobre la provincia de Huelva de Sánchez Gullón & Weickert (Lagascalia, 22: 172- 179. 2002) y Sánchez Gullón et al. (Lagascalia, 26: 187-196. 2006). Se cita también C. demissa de Sierra Nevada con base en materiales de otros herbarios (MA y JACA) que habían sido determinados como Carex nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

Plantas americanas nuevas para la flora adventicia del sur de España

New data about american neophytes for southern Andalusian flora.Palabras clave. Corología, xenófitos americanos, especies invasoras, Andalucía, SO de España.Key words. Chorology, american xenophytes, invasive flora, Andalusía, SW Spain

Association between meteorological factors and hepatitis A in Spain 2010-2014

BACKGROUND: There is growing concern of how climate change could affect public health, due to the increase number of extreme climate events. Hence, the study of the role that climate events play on the distribution of waterborne diseases, like Hepatitis A, could be key for developing new prevention approaches. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between climate factors and Hepatitis A in Spain between 2010 and 2014. METHODS: Weekly Hepatitis A cases between 2010 and 2014 were obtained from the Spanish Epidemiology Surveillance Network. Climate variables (weekly cumulative rainfall, rainy days, storm days and snow days) were obtained from National Climatic Data Center (NOAA satellite and information Service of USA). Each municipality was assigned to the nearest weather station (N=73). A Mixed-Effects Poisson regression was performed to estimate Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR), including a time lag of 2, 3 and 4weeks (most probable incubation period for Hepatitis A). RESULTS: Rainfall higher than 90th percentile (extreme precipitation) was associated with increased number of Hepatitis A cases 2weeks (IRR=1.24 CI 95%=1.09-1.40) and 4weeks after the event (IRR=1.15 CI 95%=1.01-1.30). An extra rainy day increased the risk of Hepatitis A two weeks after (IRR=1.03 CI 95%=1.01-1.05). We found higher risk of Hepatitis A two weeks after each extra storm day (IRR=1.06 CI 95%=1.00-1.12), and lower risk with 3 and 4weeks' lag (IRR=0.93 CI 95%=0.88-0.99 for lag3; IRR=0.94 CI 95%=0.88-0.99 for lag 4). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of Hepatitis A 2weeks after water-related climate events. Including meteorological information in surveillance systems might improve to develop early prevention strategies for waterborne diseases.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project “PI15/01398” (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “Investing in your future”). Pedro Gullón was supported by the Medical Residents program of Spanish Ministry of Health and by the Enrique Nájera grant for Young Epidemiologists (12th edition) awarded by the Sociedad Española de Epidemiología.S

A new specie of Iridaceae for SW of Spain.

Una nueva especie de Iridaceae para el sudoeste de España.Palabras clave. Flora, corología, Ferraria crispa, Iridaceae, xenófito adventicio naturalizado, Huelva, AndalucíaKey words. Flora, corology, Ferraria crispa, Iridaceae, xenophyte adventitious naturalised, Huelva, Andalusi

The right to the unhealthy deprived city : An exploration into the impacts of state-led redevelopment projects on the determinants of mental health

Research shows mental health is impacted by poor-quality physical and social-environmental conditions. Subsequently state-led redevelopment/regeneration schemes focus on improving the physical environment, to provide better social-environmental conditions, addressing spatial and socioeconomic inequities thus improving residents' health. However, recent research suggests that redevelopment/regeneration schemes often trigger gentrification, resulting in new spatial and socioeconomic inequalities that may worsen health outcomes, including mental health, for long-term neighborhood residents. Using the right to the city and situating this within the framework of accumulation by dispossession and capitalist hegemony, this paper explores the potential mechanisms in which poor mental health outcomes may endure in neighborhoods despite the implementation of redevelopment/regeneration projects. To do so, we explored two neighborhoods in the city of Glasgow - North Glasgow and East End - and conducted a strong qualitative study based on 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The results show that postindustrial vacant and derelict land spaces and socioeconomic deprivation in North and East Glasgow are potential mechanisms contributing to the poor mental health of its residents. Where redevelopment/regeneration projects prioritize economic goals, it is often at the expense of social(health) outcomes. Instead, economic investment instigates processes of gentrification, where long-term neighborhood residents are excluded from accessing collective urban life and its (health) benefits. Moreover, these residents are continually excluded from participation in decision-making and are unable to shape the urban environment. In summary, we found a number of potential mechanisms that may contribute to enduring poor mental health outcomes despite the existence of redevelopment/regeneration projects. Projects instead have negative consequences for the determinants of mental health, reinforcing existing inequalities, disempowering original long-term neighborhood residents and only providing the "right" to the unhealthy deprived city. We define this as the impossibility to benefit from material opportunities, public spaces, goods and services and the inability to shape city transformations. The results show that postindustrial vacant and derelict land spaces and socioeconomic deprivation in North and East Glasgow are potential mechanisms contributing to the poor mental health of its residents. Where redevelopment/regeneration projects prioritize economic goals, it is often at the expense of social(health) outcomes. Instead, economic investment instigates processes of gentrification, where long-term neighborhood residents are excluded from accessing collective urban life and its (health) benefits. Moreover, these residents are continually excluded from participation in decision-making and are unable to shape the urban environment. In summary, we found a number of potential mechanisms that may contribute to enduring poor mental health outcomes despite the existence of redevelopment/regeneration projects. Projects instead have negative consequences for the determinants of mental health, reinforcing existing inequalities, disempowering original long-term neighborhood residents and only providing the "right" to the unhealthy deprived city. We define this as the impossibility to benefit from material opportunities, public spaces, goods and services and the inability to shape city transformations

Propuesta de intervención educativa para trabajar la comprensión lectora en un niño con dislexia de 6º de Educación Primaria a través del estudio de un caso

Leer es una habilidad que se adquiere con mucho trabajo, ya que implica la interacción de varios procesos cognitivos que van a permitir, posteriormente, la comprensión del texto. No obstante, hay personas que tienen dificultades a la hora de adquirir y consolidar el lenguaje escrito o la lectura. Uno de los trastornos del aprendizaje más estudiados y con mayor prevalencia que afecta a la adquisición de la lectoescritura es la dislexia. Así pues, el presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de investigar y describir cómo afecta la dislexia al proceso lector y, más concretamente, a la comprensión lectora. Asimismo, se presenta el planteamiento de una intervención educativa dirigida a un alumno concreto diagnosticado con dislexia, con la que se busca mejorar el procesamiento sucesivo y, así, fomentar el resto de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la lectura para mejorar su comprensión.Reading is a skill that is acquired with hard work, since it involves the integration of several cognitive processes that will allow the reading and comprehension of a text. However, there are people who have difficulties in acquiring and consolidating written language or reading. One of the most studied and most prevalent learning disorders affecting the acquisition of reading and writing is dyslexia. The aim of this paper is to investigate and describe how dyslexia affects the reading process and, more specifically, reading comprehension. It also presents the approach of an educational intervention aimed at a specific student diagnosed with dyslexia to improve his successive processing, in order to promote the rest of the cognitive processes involved in reading and improve his reading comprehension

Deep eutectic solvents as a green tool for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from avocado peels

The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196646/s1, Figure S1: Example of a chromatogram of some identified com pounds at 280 nm from the studied avocado peel extracts; Table S1: Pearson’s correlation coefficients for the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and AAT) of different extracts from avocado peel. Significant correlations are marked in bold.Avocado peels are the main agro-industrial residue generated during the avocado processing, being a rich source of bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds. The growing demand for more sustainable processes requires the development of new and effective methods for extracting bioactive compounds from industrial waste. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new sustainable alternative to toxic organic solvents due to their non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In this study, five selected DESs were applied for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from avocado peels. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the total phenolics and flavonoids content. The best extraction results were obtained with choline chloride-acetic acid and -lactic acid (92.03 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g DAP in TPC and 186.01 ± 3.27 mg RE/g DAP); however, all tested DESs show better extraction efficiency than ethanol. All the obtained NADES extracts have high antioxidant activity (FRAP: 72.5–121.1 mg TE/g; TAC: 90.0–126.1 mg AAE/g). The synthesized DESs and avocado peels DES extracts had activity against all tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida), and the extracts prepared with choline chloride-acetic acid and -lactic acid have the highest antibacterial activity against all microorganisms. These results, coupled with the non-toxic, biodegradable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics of DESs, provide strong evidence that DESs represent an effective alternative to organic solvents for the recovery of phenolic bioactive compounds from agro-industrial wastes.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020. B. Gullón would like to express its gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Uni versities for financial support (grant reference RYC2018-026177-I). Authors are grateful to MINECO (Spain) for the financial support of this work in the framework of the project “Cutting-edge strategies for a sustainable biorefinery based on valorization of invasive species” with reference PID2019- 110031RB-I00 and to Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia) through the contract ED431C 2017/62-GRC to Competitive Reference Group BV1, programs partially funded by FEDER.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compoundsfrom avocado peels

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.), a fruit native to Central America and Mexico, is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, with a global production of approximately 6.3 million tonnes in 2018. Its industrial processing generates significant amounts of by-products, mainly peels, seeds, or exhausted pulp, which disposal causes important environmental and economic problems. Nevertheless, these by-products present a high content of bioactive molecules with many human health benefits, which could be used for the formulation of functional foods or cosmetic products (Del Castillo-Llamosas et al., 2021; Rodríguez-Martínez et al., 2021). One of the important challenges for the recovery of added-value molecules from agro-industrial wastes is the selection of extraction technologies leading to high extraction efficiency and helping to preserve the quality of the recovered molecules. In this framework, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered a green technology for the isolation of bioactive compounds from several natural sources. The purpose of the present study was to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from avocado peel (AP) using ultrasounds. The influence of ethanol/water ratio and time was evaluated using response Surface methodology (RSM). Under selected operational conditions (38.46% ethanol and 44.06 min), the response values were 45.34 mg GAE/g dried AP and 87.56 mg RE/g dried AP for TPC and TFC, respectively, with antioxidant levels of 73.25, 160.34 and 44.65 mg TE/g dried AP as determined by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, respectively. In addition, the optimized extracts were chemically characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS and FTIR. The main the phenolic compounds found in the avocado peel extract were phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids.The authors acknowledge the financial support received from “Xunta de Galicia” (GRC ED431C 2017/62-GRC, and Project ED431F 2020/03). These projects are partially funded by the FEDER Program of the European Union (“Unha maneira de facer Europa”). Beatriz Gullón would like to express her gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for her postdoctoral grant (Reference RYC2018-026177-I).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio