Normativa relacionada con las construcciones de tierra

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Análisis de resultados de ensayos de resistencia de probetas de tierra

A series of test pieces of 4x4x16 were prepared from Red Earth from Soria, the physical-chemical characteristics of which are given. The effect of each of the following upon the test pieces was studied: increasing the amount of cement on different earth/sand proportions; the type of cement; the variation of the cement proportion maintaining constant earth/sand proportions. In each case the bending-tensile and compressive strengths are given, and well as interrelationships between them.Partiendo de un suelo concreto, tierra roja de Soria, de la que se aportan datos para su caracterización físico-química, se han realizado series de probetas de 4x4x16 cm, sobre las que se ha estudiado la influencia: del aumento de cemento sobre distintas proporciones tierra/arena; del tipo de cemento; de la variación de la proporción de cemento sobre relaciones concretas tierra/arena; ...presentando en todos los casos los valores a compresión, a flexotracción, así como la interrelación entre ellos

Intrathecal cell therapy with autologous stromal cells increases cerebral glucose metabolism and can offer a new approach to the treatment of Alzheimer's type dementia

After recent observations that intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) increases cerebral metabolism in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), we examined this type of cell therapy in Alzheimer's type dementia. Three patients with clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease received every 3 months 100million autologous MSCs by intrathecal route, until a total dose of 300million. During cell therapy the patients showed arrest in neurological deterioration and two of them manifested clear improvement of previous symptoms. A global increase in cerebral glucose metabolism, measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET), was observed after every administration of cell therapy. Our present findings suggest that intrathecal administrations of autologous MSCs can be a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementiaWe thank the institutions supporting the development of our cell therapy program, in particular Mapfre and Rafael del Pino Foundation

Diseño de un modelo SIGC en el marco del programa AUDIT para la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

El presente proyecto pone de manifiesto el compromiso de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid con la mejora continua de la calidad en el marco del programa AUDIT. Se pretenden establecer los criterios de calidad, hacer el seguimiento de los procesos definidos para lograrlos y establecer estrategias de mejora continua, así como responder al compromiso de satisfacción de las necesidades y respuesta a las expectativas de los diferentes grupos de interés, y facilitar el seguimiento de las titulaciones implantadas

Diseño de un modelo SIGC en el marco del programa AUDIT para la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

El presente proyecto pone de manifiesto el compromiso de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid con la mejora continua de la calidad en el marco del programa AUDIT. Se pretenden establecer los criterios de calidad, hacer el seguimiento de los procesos definidos para lograrlos y establecer estrategias de mejora continua, así como responder al compromiso de satisfacción de las necesidades y respuesta a las expectativas de los diferentes grupos de interés, y facilitar el seguimiento de las titulaciones implantadas

In vitro activity of ibrexafungerp and comparators against Candida albicans genotypes from vaginal samples and blood cultures

Objectives: Emergence of azole resistance may contribute to recurrences of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Thus, new drugs are needed to improve the therapeutic options. We studied the in vitro activity of ibrexafungerp and comparators against Candida albicans isolates from vaginal samples and blood cultures. Furthermore, isolates were genotyped to study compartmentalization of genotypes and the relationship between genotype and antifungal susceptibility. Methods: Candida albicans unique patient isolates (n ¼ 144) from patients with clinical suspicion of vulvovaginal candidiasis (n ¼ 72 isolates) and from patients with candidaemia (n ¼ 72) were studied. Antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, micafungin, anidulafungin and ibrexafungerp was tested (EUCAST 7.3.2). Mutations in the erg11 gene were analysed and isolates genotyped. Results: Ibrexafungerp showed high activity (MICs from 0.03 mg/L to 0.25 mg/L) against the isolates, including those with reduced azole susceptibility, and regardless of their clinical source. Fluconazole resistance rate was 7% (n ¼ 5/72) and 1.4% (n ¼ 1/72) in vaginal and blood isolates, respectively. Some amino acid substitutions in the Erg11 protein were observed exclusively in phenotypically fluconazole non-wild type. Population structure analysis suggested two genotype populations, one mostly involving isolates from blood samples (66.3%) and the mostly from vaginal samples (69.8%). The latter group hosted all fluconazole non-wild-type isolates. Discussion: Ibrexafungerp shows good in vitro activity against Candida albicans from vaginal samples including phenotypically fluconazole non-wild-type isolates. Furthermore, we found a certain population structure where some genotypes show reduced susceptibility to fluconazol

Increased species-assignment of filamentous fungi using MALDI-TOF MS coupled with a simplified sample processing and an in-house library

In this study we evaluated the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) to identify clinical mould isolates. We focused on two aspects of MALDI-TOF MS identification: the sample processing and the database. Direct smearing of the sample was compared with a simplified processing consisting of mechanical lysis of the moulds followed by a protein extraction step. Both methods were applied to all isolates and the Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0 (Bruker Daltonics) was used for their identification. This approach allowed the correct species-level identification of 25/34 Fusarium spp. and 10/10 Mucor circinelloides isolates using the simplified sample processing. In addition, 7/34 Fusarium spp. and 1/21 Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium spp. isolates were correctly identified at the genus level. The remaining isolates–60–could not be identified using the commercial database, mainly because of the low number of references for some species and the absence of others. Thus, an in-house library was built with 63 local isolates previously characterized using DNA sequence analysis. Its implementation allowed the accurate identification at the species level of 94 isolates (91.3%) and the remaining nine isolates (8.7%) were correctly identified at the genus level. No misidentifications at genus level were detected. In conclusion, with improvements of both the sample preparation and the feeding of the database, MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable, ready to usemethod to identify moulds of clinical origin in an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective manner

Occurrence of whale barnacles in Nerja Cave (Málaga, southern Spain): Indirect evidence of whale consumption by humans in the Upper Magdalenian

A total of 167 plates of two whale barnacle species (Tubicinella majorLamarck, 1802 and Cetopirus complanatusMörch, 1853) have been found in the Upper Magdalenian layers of Nerja Cave, Mina Chamber (Maro, Málaga, southern Spain). This is the first occurrence of these species in a prehistoric site. Both species are specific to the southern right whale Eubalena australis, today endemic in the Southern Hemisphere. Because of Antarctic sea-ice expansion during the Last Glacial Period, these whales could have migrated to the Northern Hemisphere, and reached southern Spain. Whale barnacles indicate that maritime-oriented forager human groups found stranded whales on the coast and, because of the size and weight of the large bones, transported only certain pieces (skin, blubber and meat) to the caves where they were consumed

Chronic renal dysfunction in maintenance heart transplant patients: the ICEBERG study

[Abstract] Chronic renal dysfunction (CRD) is a major complication after heart transplantation. We sought to describe the renal function over time, to assess the risk factors associated with CRD development, and to evaluate the clinical attitudes on diagnosis and treatment of CRD. A retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 13 outpatient clinics in Spain. A total of 244 heart recipients who survived more than 2 years after transplantation were included. Post-transplantation follow-up was 7.7 years (range: 2-22 years). CRD was diagnosed in 32.4% of patients at a mean of 3.3 years after transplantation. Serum creatinine increased 0.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL per year in CRD group compared with 0.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL per year in non-CRD group (P = .003) and glomerular filtration rate decreased −1.5 ± 4.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year in CRD group versus −0.1 ± 4.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year in non-CRD group (P = .027). After CRD diagnosis, major changes in immunosuppression based on calcineurin inhibitors reduction were instituted in 46.8% of patients. Multivariate model identified recipient age (P < .0001), female sex (P = .0398), and time since transplant (P < .0001) as predictors of CRD. In conclusion, the prevalence of CRD in long-term heart recipient survivors was quite high. CRD was associated with nonmodifiable factors (age, gender, and time since transplant)

Recommendations of the Spanish Antibiogram Committee (COESANT) for selecting antimicrobial agents and concentrations for in vitro susceptibility studies using automated systems

Automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing devices are widely implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories in Spain, mainly using EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) breakpoints. In 2007, a group of experts published recommendations for including antimicrobial agents and selecting concentrations in these systems. Under the patronage of the Spanish Antibiogram Committee (Comité Español del Antibiograma, COESANT) and the Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents (GEMARA) from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), and aligned with the Spanish National Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (PRAN), a group of experts have updated this document. The main modifications from the previous version comprise the inclusion of new antimicrobial agents, adaptation of the ranges of concentrations to cover the EUCAST breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), and the inference of new resistance mechanisms. This proposal should be considered by different manufacturers and users when designing new panels or cards. In addition, recommendations for selective reporting are also included. With this approach, the implementation of EUCAST breakpoints will be easier, increasing the quality of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data and their microbiological interpretation. It will also benefit epidemiological surveillance studies as well as the clinical use of antimicrobials aligned with antimicrobial stewardship programs.Los sistemas automáticos utilizados en el estudio de la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos están introducidos en la mayoría de los laboratorios de Microbiología Clínica en España, utilizando principalmente los puntos de corte del European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). En 2007, un grupo de expertos publicó unas recomendaciones para incluir antimicrobianos y seleccionar concentraciones en estos sistemas. Bajo el auspicio del Comité Español del Antibiograma (COESANT) y del Grupo de Estudio de los Mecanismos de Acción y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (GEMARA) de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) y alineado con el Plan Nacional frente a la Resistencia a los Antibióticos (PRAN), un grupo de expertos ha actualizado dicho documento. Las principales modificaciones realizadas sobre la versión anterior comprenden la inclusión de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos, la adaptación de los rangos de concentraciones para cubrir los puntos de corte clínicos y los puntos de corte epidemiológicos (ECOFF) definidos por el EUCAST, y para la inferencia de nuevos mecanismos de resistencia. Esta propuesta debería ser considerada por los diferentes fabricantes y los usuarios cuando se diseñen nuevos paneles o tarjetas. Además, se incluyen recomendaciones para realizar informes selectivos. Con este enfoque, la implementación de los puntos de corte del EUCAST será más fácil, aumentando la calidad de los datos del antibiograma y su interpretación microbiológica. También será de utilidad para los estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica, así como para el uso clínico de los antimicrobianos, de acuerdo con los programas de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos (PROA)