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    THE TOPONIMY OF TRILJ

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    U ovom se radu istražuje toponimija Trilja koja do sada nije obrađena. Kao primarni izvor građe poslužili su podaci posljednje katastarske izmjere, koji su nadopunjeni i uspoređeni s podacima prikupljenima terenskim istraživanjem. Prije analize toponima daje se kratak pregled karakteristika triljskog govora na svim jezičnim razinama te sažet prikaz povijesti triljskog područja. Glavni dio rada čini poglavlje u kojem su popisani i analizirani toponimi Trilja. Opis toponima uključuje određivanje etimološkog podrijetla, navođenje lokacije koju toponim označava te utvrđivanje povezanosti jezičnog znaka i nejezične realnosti. Etimološkom je analizom utvrđeno da je većina toponima Trilja slavenskog podrijetla (Okolište, Steljak). Zabilježeno je nekoliko romanizama koji se mogu podijeliti na starije latinizme (Lastva) i mlađe talijanizme (Bušak). Osim toga, zabilježeni su toponimi orijentalnog (Biserka, Općaluk), grčkog (Livada, Žal) i francuskog (Piket) podrijetla. Većina toponima motivirana je ljudskom djelatnošću, pogotovo poljoprivredom, i zemljopisnim terminima.This paper explores the toponymy of Trilj, a subject that has not been previously studied. The primary source of data comes from the latest cadastral survey, supplemented and compared with findings from field research. Before the analysis of toponyms, the paper presents a concise overview of the Trilj dialect at all linguistic levels, along with a brief historical overview of the region. The main part of the study is a chapter that catalogues and examines the toponyms of Trilj. Each toponym is analyzed in terms of its etymological origin, the specific location it designates, and the connection between linguistic expression and extralinguistic reality. Etymological analysis reveals that the majority of toponyms are of Slavic origin (Okolište, Steljak). Several toponyms of Romance origin have also been recorded, which can be cathegorized into older toponyms originating from Latin (Lastva) and more recent ones from Italian (Bušak). Furthermore, the study identifies toponyms of Oriental (Biserka, Općaluk), Greek (Livada, Žal), and French (Piket) origin. Most of the toponyms reflect human activity, particularly agriculture, as well as geographic features

    The impact of war on scientific publishing: A mixed-methods study of Ukrainian researchers' challenges

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    Publishing in peer-reviewed journals presents a challenge for many scientists, specifically due to the high requirements journals pose. Ukrainian scientists face additional difficulties in the publishing process due to working in a war context. Due to the mentioned problems, the organization of international support is needed. One such project is the Giving Voice Project, established through the Translational Research in Medicine – TRIBE postgraduate program, which aims to assist Ukrainian scientists in publishing their war-related experiences. This mixed methods study explored the attitudes and opinions of Ukrainian scientists participating in the Giving Voice project towards publishing in international peer-reviewed journals, identified the principal barriers they encounter in study planning and the publication process, and possible help and changes needed to improve the publishing experience for Ukrainian scientists. We adopted both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, using semi-structured interviews and online surveys with Ukrainian scientists. The inclusion criteria for participants required them to be Ukrainian scientists who had received assistance from the Giving Voice Project and had published research in international journals. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Ukrainian scientists shared a similar opinion on the importance of publication in international journals. However, they agreed that the publication process is complicated, as they identified a list of obstacles they encountered in the process of publishing. Named obstacles could be divided into those related and not related to war. The first group included technical issues, devaluation of scientific progress, and low psycho-emotional state. The obstacles unrelated to war included limitations in knowledge and skills in research-related topics, lack of support and funding from the government, and high requirements from journals. However, participants also emphasized the positive changes in the scientific field since the onset of the war, such as the growth of international support. The Giving Voice project was recognized as an essential initiative offering technical and editorial assistance. Despite wartime disruptions, structured mentorship and increased international collaboration can help Ukrainian scientists overcome these barriers. Our study highlights the significant challenges and opportunities faced by Ukrainian scientists in the context of international publishing during wartime. Addressing the identified obstacles through targeted support initiatives, capacity-building programs, and collaborative research opportunities could strengthen Ukraine’s integration into the global scientific community and enhance its contributions to international research.Objavljivanje u recenziranim časopisima predstavlja izazov za mnoge znanstvenike, posebice zbog visokih zahtjeva koje časopisi postavljaju. Ukrajinski znanstvenici suočavaju se s dodatnim poteškoćama u procesu objavljivanja zbog rada u ratnom okružju. Zbog spomenutih problema potrebna je organizacija međunarodne podrške. Jedan takav projekt je projekt Giving Voice, osnovan u okviru poslijediplomskog program Translacijska istraživanja u medicini – TRIBE, koji ima za cilj pomoći ukrajinskim znanstvenicima u objavljivanju njihovih ratnih iskustava. U ovom istraživanju upotrijebili smo mješovite metode kako bi istražili stavove i mišljenja ukrajinskih znanstvenika koji sudjeluju u projektu Giving Voice o objavljivanju u međunarodnim recenziranim časopisima, identificirali glavne prepreke s kojima se susreću u planiranju studija i procesu objavljivanja te ustanovili koje su promjene potrebne za poboljšanje znanstvene produkcije ukrajinskih znanstvenika. Primijenili smo kvalitativne i kvantitativne istraživačke metode, koristeći polustrukturirani intervju i online anketu. Kriteriji za uključivanje zahtijevali su da sudionici budu ukrajinski znanstvenici kojima je kroz projekt Giving Voice pružena pomoć u objavi istraživanja u međunarodnim časopisima. Kvantitativni podaci analizirani su deskriptivnom statistikom, a kvalitativni podaci tematskom analizom. Ukrajinski znanstvenici iskazali su slično mišljenje o važnosti objavljivanja u međunarodnim časopisima. Međutim, složili su se da je proces objavljivanja kompliciran te su naveli popis prepreka s kojima su se susreli u procesu objavljivanja. Imenovane prepreke mogle bi se podijeliti na one povezane s ratom i one koje nisu povezane s njim. Prva skupina uključivala je tehnička pitanja, nedovoljno vrednovanje znanstvenog rada i loše psiho- emocionalno stanje. Prepreke koje nisu povezane s ratom uključivale su ograničenja u znanju i vještinama u istraživačkim temama, nedostatak podrške i financiranja od strane vlade te visoke zahtjeve časopisa. Međutim, sudionici su također naglasili pozitivne promjene u znanstvenom području od početka rata, poput rasta međunarodne podrške. Projekt Giving Voice prepoznat je kao bitna inicijativa koja nudi tehničku i uredničku pomoć. Unatoč problemima s ratom , strukturirano mentorstvo i povećana međunarodna suradnja mogu pomoći ukrajinskim znanstvenicima u prevladavanju spomenutih prepreke. Naše istraživanje ističe značajne izazove i prilike s kojima se suočavaju ukrajinski znanstvenici u kontekstu međunarodnog objavljivanja tijekom rata. Rješavanje identificiranih prepreka putem ciljanih inicijativa podrške, programa izgradnje kapaciteta i mogućnosti suradnje u istraživanju moglo bi ojačati integraciju Ukrajine u globalnu znanstvenu zajednicu i povećati njezin doprinos međunarodnim istraživanjima

    IKONOGRAFIJA SLIKARSKIH DJELA SPLITSKE KATEDRALE

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    Ikonografija slikarskih djela splitske katedrale odražava bogatu kulturnu i religijsku povijest grada Splita. Katedrala, koja je smještena u srcu Dioklecijanove palače, jedna je od najstarijih katedralnih zdanja u cijelome svijetu. Interijer katedrale obogaćen je različitim slikarskim prikazima. Freske s prikazima evanđelista Luke i Mateja autora Dujma Vučkovića krase trokutasta polja kalote ciborija kapele sv. Dujma iz razdoblja gotike. Nastale su pod utjecajem talijanskog slikarstva te su danas nažalost sačuvane samo fragmentarno. Glavnim oltarom dominiraju prikazi starozavjetnih i novozavjetnih scena, povijesnih događaja i svetaca slikara Mateja Ponzonija - Pončuna, čiji prikazi na jedinstven alegorijski način potvrđuju nauk o transsupstancijaciji. Ciklus Bogorodičinog života nalazi se na svodu barokne kapele sv. Dujma. Bogorodica je u baroku predstavljala znak zaštite tijekom sukoba s protestantima i Turcima, a njezini prikazi odražavaju pobožnost prema Djevici Mariji, obilježavajući njezinu bitnu ulogu u otajstvu kršćanske vjere. Jedna od glavnih tema unutar katedrale je prikaz sv. Dujma, čiji je u koru svetišta slikarski obogatio autor Pietro Ferrari. Ikonografski slikarski ciklus prikazuje lokalnog mučenika sv. Dujma. Slike prikazuju svečev život i mučeništvo, koje na didaktično-propovjednički način služe kao primjer i opomena za narod u krizno povijesno-crkvenim događajima 17.stoljeća. Sv. Dujam, u ratno i krizno crkveno vrijeme predstavlja: zaštitu, nadu, a povrh svega neophodni znak identiteta.. Ovi slikarski prikazi naglašavaju temeljna kršćanska vjerovanja i povijesno- umjetničke okolnosti vremena u kojem su djela nastala.The iconography of the paintings of the Split Cathedral reflects the rich cultural and religious history of the city of Split. The cathedral, which is located in the heart of Diocletian's Palace, is one of the oldest cathedral buildings in the world. The interior of the cathedral is enriched with various paintings. Frescoes depicting the evangelists Luke and Matthew by Dujam Vučković adorn the triangular fields of the calotte of the ciborium of the Chapel of St. Dujam from the Gothic period. They were created under the influence of Italian painting and are unfortunately only preserved in fragments today. Then, the main altar is dominated by depictions of Old and New Testament scenes, historical events and saints by the painter Matej Ponzoni - Pončun, whose depictions confirm the doctrine of transubstantiation in a unique allegorical way. The cycle of the life of the Virgin Mary is located on the vault of the baroque chapel of St. Dujam. In the Baroque period, the Virgin Mary was a symbol of protection during conflicts with Protestants and Turks, and her depictions reflect devotion to the Virgin Mary, marking her essential role in the mystery of the Christian faith. One of the main themes inside the cathedral is the depiction of St. Dujam, whose paintings in the choir of the cathedral sanctuary were enriched by the artist Pietro Ferrari. The iconographic painting cycle depicts the local martyr St. Dujam. The paintings depict the saint's life and martyrdom, which in a didactic and preaching way serve as an example and a warning for the people in the crisis-historical-ecclesiastical events of the 17th century. St. Dujam, in times of war and crisis in the church, represents: protection, hope, and above all, a necessary sign of identity. These pictorial depictions emphasize fundamental Christian beliefs and the historical and artistic circumstances of the time in which the works were created

    TRADICIJSKI PLESOVI JADRANSKE PLESNE ZONE ZA DJECU S NAGLASKOM NA POLJIČKOM KRAJU

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    U radu se analiziraju hrvatski tradicijski plesovi s posebnim fokusom na folklornu baštinu poljičkog kraja. Cilj je rada bio istražiti povijesni i kulturni kontekst Poljica, analizirati specifičnosti njihovih tradicijskih plesova te ispitati mogućnosti njihove primjene u ranom i predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju. Hrvatski tradicijski plesovi predstavljaju važan dio nematerijalne kulturne baštine, a njihova raznolikost očituje se kroz regionalne plesne zone: jadransku, panonsku, dinarsku i alpsku. Jadranska zona, kojoj pripadaju Poljica, karakterizirana je plesovima u parovima ili kolu, često uz jednostavnu glazbenu pratnju ili bez nje. Poljički plesovi, poput Poljičkog kola, starinskog poskočnog kola i plesa uz gusle i ojkalicu, odražavaju povijesne i društvene specifičnosti tog kraja. U radu su analizirane metode prilagodbe tradicijskih plesova djeci rane i predškolske dobi. Naglašena je važnost odgojitelja u prenošenju plesnih znanja te suradnja s lokalnom zajednicom u osiguravanju autentičnih sadržaja. Predložene su aktivnosti koje uključuju igru, glazbu i kreativnu improvizaciju za približavanje djece tradicijskim plesovima. Tradicijski plesovi ne samo da doprinose očuvanju kulturne baštine, već i potiču cjelokupni razvoj djece. Njihova primjena omogućuje djeci da kroz igru i pokret razvijaju motoričke vještine, kognitivne i socijalne sposobnosti te svijest o vlastitom kulturnom identitetu.The paper analyzes Croatian traditional dances with a special focus on the folklore heritage of Poljica region. The aim of the paper was to explore the historical and cultural context of Poljica, analyze the specifics of their traditional dances, and examine the possibilities of their application in early and preschool education. Croatian traditional dances represent an important part of the intangible cultural heritage, and their diversity is manifested through regional dance zones: Adriatic, Pannonian, Dinaric, and Alpine. The Adriatic zone, to which Poljica belongs, is characterized by dances in pairs or kola, often with or without simple musical accompaniment. Poljica dances, such as kolo from Poljica, old-fashioned hopping kolo, and dances with gusle and ojkalica, reflect the historical and social specificities of that region. The paper analyzes methods of adapting traditional dances to early and preschool children. The importance of educators in transmitting dance knowledge and cooperation with the local community in providing authentic content is emphasized. Activities that include play, music and creative improvisation are proposed to introduce children to traditional dances. Traditional dances not only contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage, but also stimulate the overall development of children. Their application allows children to develop motor skills, cognitive and social abilities and awareness of their own cultural identity through play and movement

    CHILDREN OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

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    Socijalna isključenost višedimenzionalni je proces, u kojem se pojedinci zbog djelovanja niza čimbenika isključuju iz šire zajednice, pri čemu isključenost nije samo fizička, nego i psihička. Djeca u riziku socijalne isključenosti su djeca koja su, zbog svojih pojedinih obilježja, nadprosječno u riziku od toga da se naruši njihov razvoj i integritet. Identificiranjem rizika i pravilnom intervencijom može se umanjiti njihovo štetno djelovanje. Rizični čimbenici uglavnom djeluju zajedno, a ne izolirano te se mogu promatrati na kontinuumu od niske do vrlo visike rizičnosti. U konceptu suzbijanja socijalne isključenosti ističu se i zaštitni čimbenici, koji se mogu promatrati na razini djeteta, obitelji ili šire zajednice. Od rizičnih čimbenika, siromaštvo, problemi vezani uz obitelj i roditeljska ponašanja i odstupanja u razvoju ističu se kao značajni rizici za pojavu socijalne isključenosti. Socijalna inkluzija označava pravo na jednakopravno sudjelovanje svakog djeteta te inkluzivne vrijednosti promiču cjelovit razvoj djeteta i osnaživanje djece u riziku.Social exclusion is a multidimensional process in which individuals are excluded from the wider community due to a number of factors, with exclusion being not only physical but also psychological. Children at risk of social exclusion are children who, due to their individual characteristics, are at an above-average risk of having their development and integrity impaired. By identifying risks and providing appropriate intervention, their harmful effects can be reduced. Risk factors generally do not occur in isolation, but rather act together, and can be viewed on a continuum from low to very high risk. The concept of combating social exclusion also highlights protective factors, which can be identified at the individual (child), family and community levels. Of the risk factors, poverty, problems related to the family and parental behaviour, and developmental deviations stand out as significant risks for the occurrence of social exclusion. Social inclusion denotes the right to equal participation of every child, and inclusive values promote the holistic development of the child and the empowerment of children at risk

    JEZIČNA ANALIZA Poçimglye xivot Svetoga Arnira Arcibskupa spliskoga, i muçenika Issukarstova

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    Predmet ovoga rada bio je grafijska, pravopisna i jezična analiza teksta Štenja s naslovom Poçimglye xivot Svetoga Arnira Arcibskupa spliskoga, i muçenika Issukarstova. Navedeno se štenje danas nalazi u Nadbiskupskom arhivu u Splitu. Pretpostavlja se da je tekst nastao početkom 19. stoljeća te da je njegov autor zasigurno netko sa splitskoga govornoga područja. Stoga je cilj rada bio i utvrditi u kojoj je mjeri čakavski jezični sustav ostao sačuvan u pisanoj riječi toga razdoblja te koliko se štokavskih posebnosti može osjetiti unutar teksta. Analize su pokazale supostojanje obaju jezičnih sustava, čakavskoga (starijeg) i štokavskoga (novijeg). Prema tome, analiza ovoga štenja pokazuje da njegova dragocjenost ne leži samo u povijesno-kulturno-teološkoj baštini, već da nam ono pruža uvid i u jezično bogatstvo hrvatskoga jezika, na splitskom području u početcima 19. stoljeća.The subject of this graduation thesis is the graphical, orthographic, and linguistic analysis of the text Štenje, titled Poçimglye xivot Svetoga Arnira Arcibskupa spliskoga, i muçenika Issukarstova. The stated text is currently preserved in the Archdiocesan Archive in Split. It is assumed that the text was written in the early 19th century and that its author was certainly someone from the Split-speaking area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the Čakavian linguistic system was preserved in the written language of that period and to what degree Štokavian linguistic features can be detected within the text. The analyses revealed the coexistence of both linguistic systems – Čakavian (the older) and Štokavian (the more recent). Thus, the anaylsis of the aforementioned Štenje demonstrates that its value lies not only in its historical, cultural, and theological heritage but also in the insight it provides into the linguistic richness of the Croatian language in the Split area in the beginning of the 19th century

    EKRANIZAM KOD DJECE RANE I PREDŠKOLSKE DOBI

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    Posljednja dva desetljeća digitalne tehnologije ubrzano se razvijaju i šire te utječu na sve članove društva, od najstarijih do onih najmlađih. Djeca se rađaju i odrastaju okruženi digitalnim medijima koji značajno utječu na njihov cjelokupan razvoj formirajući njihove stavove i uvjerenja te oblikujući obrasce ponašanja. Raznovrsni medijski sadržaji kojima obiluju digitalni mediji na pozitivan i/ili negativan način utječu na kognitivni, socijalni, emocionalni, moralni i fizički razvoj djeteta, a način na koji će utjecati ovisi o vrsti sadržaja i njegovoj primjerenosti za uzrast djeteta te količini vremena provedenog ispred ekrana. Važno je da su roditelji aktivno uključeni u život svog djeteta, da provjeravaju sadržaje koje djeca gledaju te postavljaju ograničenja na vrstu sadržaja te količinu vremena koje smiju provesti ispred ekrana digitalnih medija, ali uvijek trebaju težiti da to vrijeme djeteta zamijene kvalitetnom interakcijom i igrom djeteta s njima, drugom djecom ili odraslima. U ovome radu provedeno je istraživanje na roditeljima djece rane i predškolske dobi (od 1. do 6. godine) prilikom čega svaki ispitanik predstavlja jedno dijete, a cilj je bio ispitat koliko vremena djeca i njihovi roditelji provode vremena pred ekranima elektroničkih medija, na koji način i koliko roditelji nadziru sadržaje koji se gledaju te koliko su upoznati sa značenjem i karakteristikama pojma „ekranizam“. Rezultati su pokazali da djeca i roditelji koriste elektroničke medije u jako visokoj mjeri čime prelaze preporuke Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, no roditelji sve više kontroliraju i postavljaju ograničenja čime je vidljivo povećanje svijesti o negativnom utjecaju ekrana te mogućnosti pojave simptoma ekranizma. Rezultati dobiveni ovim istraživanjem korisni su za sve roditelje i stručnjake koji se nalaze u neposrednom radu s djecom kako bi osvijestili važnost educiranja o navedenom problemu i pravovremene reakcije koja može značajno promijeniti život djeteta.Over the past two decades, digital technologies have been rapidly developing and spreading, affecting all members of society, from the oldest to the youngest. Children are being born and growing up surrounded by digital media, which significantly affects their overall development by forming their attitudes and beliefs and shaping behavioral patterns. The various types of media content they are exposed to have both positive and/or negative effects on the cognitive, social, emotional, moral and physical development of a child, and the impact depends on the type of content, its appropriateness for the child's age, and the amount of time spent in front of screens. It is important for parents to be actively involved in their child's life, to check the content their children are viewing, and to set limits on the type of content and the amount of time they are allowed to spend in front of digital media screens. However, parents should always aim to replace screen time with quality interactions and play, either with them, other children, or adults. This study was conducted on parents of early and preschool children (ages 1 to 6), where each respondent represents one child. The goal was to examine how much time children and their parents spend in front screens of electronic media, how parents monitor the content being viewed, and how familiar they are with the meaning and characteristics of the term "screening". The results showed that both children and parents use electronic media to a very high extent, exceeding the recommendations of the World Health Organization. However, parents are increasingly controlling and setting limits, indicating a growing awareness of the negative effects of screens and the potential for screening symptoms to emerge. The results of this research are valuable for all parents and professionals working directly with children, helping them recognize the importance of educating about this issue and timely interventions that can significantly change a child's life

    INVITO ALLA LETTURA DELLA TETRALOGIA L'AMICA GENIALE DI ELENA FERRANTE

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    La tetralogia L’amica geniale di Elena Ferrante si afferma come una delle opere più significative della letteratura italiana contemporanea per la sua capacità di restituire, con profondità e rigore narrativo, la complessità delle relazioni femminili e del processo di formazione dell’identità. Il cuore dell’opera è rappresentato dall’amicizia tra Elena e Lila, un legame che attraversa l’intera esistenza, dalla prima infanzia fino alla maturità, mantenendo nel tempo una forza trasformativa e ambivalente. Ferrante mette al centro della narrazione un’amicizia femminile che sfida le convenzioni letterarie e culturali. Non si tratta di un rapporto idilliaco, ma di una relazione dinamica, fatta di dipendenza e distacco, ammirazione e rivalità, complicità e silenzi. In questo spazio affettivo instabile, ma profondo, l’identità di entrambe le protagoniste si costruisce attraverso il confronto reciproco: ciascuna si riconosce, si definisce e, talvolta, si smarrisce nel rapporto con l’altra. L’opera invita a ripensare il ruolo dell’amicizia nel percorso di crescita personale. In un contesto sociale che tende a privilegiare le relazioni sentimentali o familiari, Ferrante mostra come i legami amicali, soprattutto tra donne, possano avere un impatto altrettanto profondo e duraturo nella costruzione del sé. L’amicizia tra Lenù e Lila si configura come un luogo di apprendimento, conflitto e autoriflessione, in cui i confini tra identità individuale e collettiva si fanno porosi. All’interno di questo impianto tematico, la scrittura assume un ruolo fondamentale: non come fine, ma come mezzo per elaborare, comprendere e trattenere. Per Elena, scrivere diventa un atto necessario per dare ordine al vissuto, per resistere alla cancellazione dell’altro, ma anche per mettere distanza tra sé e Lila. La narrazione si configura così come uno spazio di memoria attiva, uno strumento per contenere il caos emotivo e costruire una forma provvisoria di significato. Analizzando l’intera tetralogia, emerge un modello di romanzo che supera i canoni tradizionali del Bildungsroman. La formazione delle protagoniste non segue un percorso lineare verso la realizzazione, bensì un movimento discontinuo, frammentato, talvolta regressivo. L’identità appare sempre instabile, attraversata da fratture sociali, linguistiche e affettive. In questo senso, L’amica geniale può essere letta come un romanzo della frantumazione, in cui la costruzione del sé è inseparabile dal confronto con l’altro e dalla coscienza del limite. Il successo internazionale dell’opera, così come il dibattito critico che ha suscitato, dimostrano la sua capacità di parlare a lettori di contesti culturali diversi, offrendo uno sguardo autentico, lucido e stratificato sul vissuto femminile. La scelta dell’anonimato da parte dell’autrice contribuisce a spostare l’attenzione sul testo e sull’esperienza narrata, sottraendo il discorso letterario alla logica dell’autorialità mediatica e restituendo centralità alla parola scritta. Questa tesi ha voluto offrire una lettura approfondita della tetralogia, mettendone in luce i principali nuclei tematici e narrativi, con l’obiettivo di invitare alla (ri)scoperta di un’opera che ha saputo dar voce a un universo spesso relegato ai margini: quello del vissuto femminile. Leggere Ferrante significa confrontarsi con le contraddizioni della crescita, della maternità, dell’amore, ma anche con la forza dirompente della scrittura come strumento di verità, trasformazione e memoria. Ma significa anche ritrovare sé stessi nello sguardo dell’altra, riconoscere le proprie inquietudini nei silenzi condivisi, e accettare che certe relazioni, pur segnate da fratture e squilibri, ci accompagnano per tutta la vita. L’amica geniale non racconta soltanto cosa significhi essere donna, ma cosa significhi essere umani nel desiderio, nella paura e nel bisogno radicale di essere visti e ricordati. È una storia che continua ad agire anche dopo l’ultima pagina, come un’eco che non smette di parlare a chi ha avuto, almeno una volta, un’amica geniale.This thesis offers a comprehensive reading of Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan Novels tetralogy, composed of L’amica geniale, Storia del nuovo cognome, Storia di chi fugge e di chi resta, and Storia della bambina perduta. Through a thematic, narrative and contextual approach, the study highlights the complexity and richness of Ferrante’s depiction of female friendship, identity construction, and the socio-cultural transformation of post-war Italy. At the core of the analysis is the lifelong and often ambivalent relationship between the two protagonists, Elena (Lenù) and Raffaella (Lila), which serves as the narrative’s central axis. Far from romanticized or stereotypical portrayals of female bonds, Ferrante offers an intense, sometimes conflicting, yet deeply formative connection between two women who mirror, compete with, and define each other across the decades. Their friendship is not merely a narrative device, but a space where identity is questioned, shaped, and constantly renegotiated. In examining this bond, the thesis pays particular attention to how gender and social class intersect in the characters’ development. Ferrante presents the female coming-of-age experience not as a linear progression, but as a fragmented and contradictory process marked by external limitations and inner fractures. The contrast between the two protagonists’ life paths, one seeking upward mobility through education and writing, the other resisting integration into traditional roles, becomes a metaphor for broader tensions in female identity formation. The historical and cultural context of Naples and Italy from the 1950s to the early 2000s is also addressed, shedding light on the influence of politics, poverty, and patriarchy on the lives of the characters. The marginal rione becomes a microcosm of Italian society in transition, while the tetralogy as a whole reflects the collective memory of a generation shaped by rapid change, social inequality, and unresolved violence. Another key element explored in this work is the role of writing. For Elena, writing is not only a personal vocation but also a tool for survival, self-definition, and emotional processing. It allows her to make sense of her own story and of Lila’s enigmatic presence. Writing becomes a form of resistance, against oblivion, imposed narratives, and against the erasure of female voices from public discourse. The thesis further investigates the international success and critical reception of the Neapolitan Novels, analyzing the cultural impact of Ferrante’s work, the phenomenon of "Ferrante fever", and the debate surrounding the author’s anonymity. It is argued that this deliberate concealment of authorial identity redirects attention to the text and strengthens the political and literary significance of a voice that chooses to speak from the margins. In conclusion, the tetralogy emerges as an extraordinary narrative of female experience, articulating with nuance and authenticity the contradictions of friendship, motherhood, ambition, and belonging. The work invites the reader to reflect not only on the characters’ trajectories, but also on their own personal and cultural assumptions. Reading Ferrante means confronting the intricacies of growing up, the costs of intellectual independence, and the transformative and sometimes painful power of human relationships. This thesis aims to promote a deeper understanding of the Neapolitan Novels by revealing their literary, social, and emotional resonance. It invites readers to (re)discover a body of work that gives voice to a world often relegated to the margins: that of female subjectivity, complexity, and resistance

    ZBORSKO PJEVANJE U USTANOVAMA RANOG I PREDŠKOLSKOG ODGOJA I OBRAZOVANJA

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    U današnjem društvu glazba je sveprisutna te u životu čovjeka ima mnogobrojne uloge. Glazba ima značajnu ulogu u cjelovitom razvoju djeteta, zbog čega je važno da djeca stupaju u kontakt s glazbom i sudjeluju u glazbenim aktivnostima od svoje najranije dobi. U ovom procesu osim obitelji, značajnu ulogu imaju ustanove ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja unutar kojih se odvija glazbena poduka i provode različite glazbene aktivnosti. Unutar ustanove ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja moguće je organizirati aktivnosti dječjeg zborskog pjevanja, koje osim umjetničke funkcije, pridonosi emocionalnoj, društvenoj i fizičkoj dobrobiti djeteta. Ovaj rad bavi se problematikom dječjega zborskog pjevanja te njegovim utjecajem na razvoj djeteta ranog i predškolskog uzrasta.In today's society, music is omnipresent and plays many roles in human life. Music plays a significant role in the holistic development of a child, which is why it is important for children to come into contact with music and participate in musical activities from an early age. In addition to the family, early childhood and preschool education institutions play a significant role in this process, where music lessons are given and various musical activities are carried out. Within early childhood and preschool education institutions, it is possible to organize children's choral singing activities, which, in addition to their artistic function, contributes to the emotional, social, and physical well-being of the child. This paper deals with the issue of children's choral singing and its impact on the development of early and preschool children

    KLAP SONG IN INSTITUTIONS FOR EARLY AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

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    Tradicijska glazba je vrsta glazbe u kojoj se snažno očituje identitet ljudi nekoga kraja. Prvotno se prenosila usmenom predajom. Potom se počela bilježiti, a u novije doba i mijenjati različitim intervencijama profesionalnih glazbenika. Klapska pjesma i klapsko pjevanje važan su i jedinstven segment glazbene baštine primorskoga dijela Dalmacije. U sklopu izrade ovoga diplomskoga rada provođene su, a potom opisane i evaluirane različite aktivnosti s djecom u vrtićkoj odgojno-obrazovnoj skupini kojima je cilj bio upoznati djecu s tim glazbenim fenomenima na njima primjeren način. Djeca, ali i članovi njihovih obitelji, koji su posredno bili uključeni u projekt, pokazala su izniman interes kako za klapsku pjesmu i klapsko pjevanje tako i za druge (neglazbene) elemente dalmatinske tradicijske baštine koji su im bili predstavljeni u sklopu projekta.Traditional music is a type of music that strongly reflects the identity of the people of a region. It was originally transmitted orally. Then it began to be recorded, and in recent times it has been changed by various interventions of professional musicians. Klapa song and klapa singing are an important and unique segment of the musical heritage of the coastal part of Dalmatia. As part of this thesis, various activities with children in a kindergarten educational group were carried out, described, and evaluated. The aim of these activities was to introduce children to these musical phenomena in a way that was appropriate for them. The children, as well as their family members, who were indirectly involved in the project, showed exceptional interest in both klapa song and klapa singing and in other (non-musical) elements of Dalmatian traditional heritage that were presented to them as part of the project

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