Konzeption und Rolle des Designs in den Entwicklungsländern in Bezug auf die wissenschaftlich-technische Revolution

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 26. Juni 1986 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: 'Der wissenschaftlich-technische Fortschritt und die sozial-kulturellen Funktionen von Architektur und industrieller Formgestaltung in unserer Epoche

En périphérie de l'intelligible : cognition, action et affects chez les personnages-narrateurs de Christian Oster

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur les romans L'imprévu, Sur la dune et Dans la cathédrale de Christian Oster. Il s'intéresse plus spécifiquement à la relative inintelligibilité cognitive, actionnelle et affective des personnages-narrateurs ostériens qui, malgré leur apparente banalité et leur caractère ludique, bouleversent nos repères. Dans cette optique, notre projet consiste à saisir les manifestations discursives et narratives de leur décalage, ainsi que les enjeux conceptuels qui y sont liés. Nous cherchons essentiellement à démontrer en quoi ces personnages s'éloignent des conceptions plus traditionnelles du personnage, de l'action et du récit, et de ce fait, contribuent au renouvellement de nos façons de raconter. Dans le premier chapitre, nous mettons au jour la relative inintelligibilité cognitive des personnages qui, dépourvus de vision globale et habités de réflexions improductives, ne parviennent à aucune connaissance certaine sur le monde. En dépit des apparences, leur discours demeure étranger à toute véritable démarche herméneutique. Nous montrons ensuite, dans le deuxième chapitre, la relative inintelligibilité actionnelle des personnages. Plutôt indéterminés, ceux-ci tendent en effet à se laisser porter par le hasard des événements, à endosser des rôles qui ne devraient pas être les leurs et, même, à tout faire pour retarder leur propre progression. Ainsi, ces personnages, quoi qu'ils fassent, ne deviennent jamais de véritables agents de leurs récits. Enfin, nous nous consacrons, dans le troisième chapitre, à exposer la relative inintelligibilité affective des personnages dont les sensations et sentiments demeurent difficiles à cerner. Faisant preuve d'une sensibilité inconstante et atypique qui s'avère inappropriée dans bien des situations, ceux-ci se trouvent en fait, en tout temps, entièrement soumis à leur incontrôlable et imprévisible affectivité. Ainsi, il s'agira de mettre en évidence l'importance de ces romans contemporains qui, sous le couvert de l'ironie et de la dérision, présentent une anthropologie renouvelée ; chez les personnages-narrateurs ostériens, l'intériorité se doit d'être repensée selon de nouvelles conceptions de ce que peut être, pour l'être humain, l'expérience du monde

Rosetta-Philae RF Link, from Separation to Hibernation

The Rosetta spacecraft reached the vicinity of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014 and released the lander Philae for an in-situ analysis through ten scientific instruments. The analysis of the lander RF link telemetry reveals major information on the lander behavior and environment during the 50-hour mission on the comet

A Robinson characterization of finite PσTP\sigma T-groups

Let $\sigma =\{\sigma_{i} | i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$ and let $G$ be a finite group. Then $G$ is said to be $\sigma$-full if $G$ has a Hall $\sigma _{i}$-subgroup for all $i$. A subgroup $A$ of $G$ is said to be $\sigma$-permutable in $G$ provided $G$ is $\sigma$-full and $A$ permutes with all Hall $\sigma _{i}$-subgroups $H$ of $G$ (that is, $AH=HA$) for all $i$. We obtain a characterization of finite groups $G$ in which $\sigma$-permutability is a transitive relation in $G$, that is, if $K$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $H$ and $H$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $G$, then $K$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $G$.Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.0250

Possible contribution of olefins and heteroatoms to the Unidentified Infrared Bands

The current assignments of the 11.3 feature are shown to be incompatible with observations. An unbiased survey of correlation charts suggests that the olefinic group R2=CH2 is a good alternative candidate. For the 12.7 feature, the best fits are provided by nitrites, R-O-N=O, and amines, R-N=H2. Sulfones, SO2, exhibit strong features near 7.7 and 8.6 microns, which may contribute to the UIBs. These additional functional groups are likely to be attached to the main hydrocarbon dust skeleton previously hypothesized in the coal/kerogen model. They provide further leeway in modelling the large variety of relative band intensities observed in the sky.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted by A and A Letter

Shadow Banning in Browser-based Volunteering Computing

Browser-based volunteering computing projects are mainly used to perform scientific computations in heterogeneous clusters at a low cost. As for every community-driven approach, saboteurs can try to cheat the system for various reasons. In this paper, we propose to study whether such solutions could improve their performance and resilience by using shadow banning instead of a classic ban scheme. To do so, we have built a framework simulating a real system and studied the impact of shadow banning in relation with task types, saboteur rates, and detection techniques such as majority, m-first and credibility-based voting. Results show that shadow banning is overall more resilient, reducing the number of errors of detection by more than 33.5% in average. It also improves the server-side performance in a significant manner for saboteur rates between 0 and 20%

On the band-to-continuum intensity ratio in the infrared spectra of interstellar carbonaceous dust

Published interpretations of the relative intensity variations of the Unidentified Infrared Bands (UIBs) and their underlying continuum are discussed. An alternative model is proposed, in which a single carrier for both emits a) mostly a continuum when it is electronically excited by photons (visible or UV), or b) exclusively the UIBs, when only chemical energy is deposited by H capture on its surface, inducing only nuclear vibrations. The bands will dominate in atomic H regions but will be overcome by thermal continuum radiation when the ambient field is strong but lacks dissociating photons (900-1100 Angstroms). The model applies to PDRs as well as to limbs of molecular clouds in the ISM and agrees quantitatively with recent satellite observations. It gives indications on atomic H density and UIB intensity provided the ambient radiation field is known. It invokes no chemical, electronic, structural or size change in order to interpret the observed intensity variations.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

The dust disk of HR4049

We present the Spectral Energy Distribution of HR 4049 based on literature data and new continuum measurements at 850 micron. The SED shows variable absorption in the UV, and a large IR excess, both caused by circumstellar dust. The shape of the IR excess from 1 micron all the way down to 850 micron can be nearly perfectly fitted with a single blackbody function at T ~ 1150 K or alternatively with a sum of blackbodies in a narrow temperature range. The energy emitted in this IR continuum radiation is about one-third of the stellar luminosity. We show that this blackbody radiation must be due to the presence of a circumbinary disk with a large height. This disk must also be gas-rich, in agreement with the observations of molecular bands in the ISO-SWS spectrum. We present two possible scenario's for explaining the shape and the intensity of the IR excess. The first scenario involves large grains (a >1 mm) that each radiate like a blackbody. The second scenario argues that the blackbody radiation is due to a very optically thick circumbinary disk. We investigate if such a disk would indeed produce blackbody radiation by presenting results from radiative transfer calculations. We further quantify the properties of such a disk and its stability in the framework of (hydro)dynamics, grain settling, radiation pressure and grain drift. The virtues and shortcomings of both models for the origin of the IR blackbody are discussed by contrasting them with other observations and assessing them in the framework of (binary) (post-)AGB evolution.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Variations in patterns of care across neonatal units and their associations with outcomes in very preterm infants: the French EPIPAGE-2 cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To describe patterns of care for very preterm (VP) babies across neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and associations with outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, EPIPAGE-2. SETTING: France, 2011. PARTICIPANTS: 53 (NICUs); 2135 VP neonates born at 27 to 31 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clusters of units, defined by the association of practices in five neonatal care domains - respiratory, cardiovascular, nutrition, pain management and neurodevelopmental care. Mortality at 2 years corrected age (CA) or severe/moderate neuro-motor or sensory disabilities and proportion of children with scores below threshold on the neurodevelopmental Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). METHODS: Hierarchical cluster analysis to identify clusters of units. Comparison of outcomes between clusters, after adjustment for potential cofounders. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 with higher proportions of neonates free of mechanical ventilation at 24 hours of life, receiving early enteral feeding, and neurodevelopmental care practices (26 units; n=1118 babies); Cluster 2 with higher levels of patent ductus arteriosus and pain screening (11 units; n=398 babies); Cluster 3 with higher use of respiratory, cardiovascular and pain treatments (16 units; n=619 babies). No difference was observed between clusters for the baseline maternal and babies' characteristics. No differences in outcomes were observed between Clusters 1 and 3. Compared with Cluster 1, mortality at 2 years CA or severe/moderate neuro-motor or sensory disabilities was lower in Cluster 2 (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.84) but with higher proportion of children with an ASQ below threshold (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.08). CONCLUSION: In French NICUs, care practices for VP babies were non-randomly associated. Differences between clusters were poorly explained by unit or population differences, but were associated with mortality and development at 2 years. Better understanding these variations may help to improve outcomes for VPT babies, as it is likely that some of these discrepancies are unwarranted

A survey for nanodiamond features in the 3 micron spectra of Herbig Ae/Be stars

We have carried out a survey of 60 Herbig Ae/Be stars in the 3 micron wavelength region in search for the rare spectral features at 3.43 and 3.53 micron. These features have been attributed to the presence of large, hot, hydrogen-terminated nanodiamonds. Only two Herbig Ae/Be stars, HD 97048 and Elias 3-1 are known to display both these features. We have obtained medium-resolution spectra (R ~2500) with the ESO near-IR instrument ISAAC in the 3.15-3.65 micron range. In our sample, no new examples of sources with prominent nanodiamond features in their 3 micron spectra were discovered (detection rate less than 4%). We report tentative 3.53 micron detections in V921 Sco (=CD-42.11721), HD 163296 and T CrA. The sources which display the nanodiamond features are not exceptional in the group of Herbig stars with respect to disk properties, stellar characteristics, or disk and stellar activity. Moreover, the nanodiamond sources are very different from each other in terms of these parameters. We do not find evidence for a recent supernova in the vicinity of any of the nanodiamond sources. We have analyzed the PAH 3.3 micron feature and the Pfund delta hydrogen emission line, two other spectral features which occur in the 3 micron wavelength range. We reinforce the conclusion of previous authors that flared-disk systems display significantly more PAH emission than self-shadowed-disk sources. The Pf delta line detection rate is higher in self-shadowed-disk sources than in the flared-disk systems. We discuss the possible origin and paucity of the (nano)diamond features in Herbig stars. Different creation mechanisms have been proposed in the literature, amongst others in-situ and supernova-induced formation. Our data set is inconclusive in proving or disproving either formation mechanism.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in A&A (acceptance date 16/06/2006