Adherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São Paulo

As dietas da moda se popularizam facilmente por prometerem benefícios em curto prazo. Contudo, a adoção dessas dietas pode ser potencialmente prejudicial à saúde. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adesão de dietas da moda por frequentadores de academias do município de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 50 frequentadores de academias de ginástica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário com perguntas sobre aderência a algum tipo de dieta da moda, orientação profissional, meios de divulgação dessas dietas, resultado, tempo de permanência dos resultados e efeitos adversos. Trinta e dois (64,0%) dos participantes relataram ter realizado algum tipo de dieta da moda, sendo as dietas mais citadas a low carb, dietas ricas em proteína e jejum intermitente. Os principais meios de divulgação dessas dietas foram as mídias digitais (52,6%), amigos (26,3%) e personal trainer (10,5%). A maioria da amostra relatou ter tido um resultado bom ou muito bom (71,9%), mas a duração do resultado foi de curta a média (1 a 6 meses) para a maioria dos participantes (59,4%). Os efeitos adversos mais relatados foram fraqueza (46,8%), dor de cabeça (37,5%), irritabilidade (34,3%) e tontura (18,7%). Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar a composição das dietas consumidas e alterações metabólicas em curto e longo prazo. ABSTRACTAdherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São PauloFad diets easily become popular because they promise short-term benefits. However, the adoption of these diets can be potentially harmful to health. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the adherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São Paulo, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study with 50 people who frequent gyms. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire with questions about adherence to some type of fad diet, professional orientation, means of dissemination of these diets, results, duration of results and adverse effects. Thirty-two (64.0%) of the participants reported having performed some type of fad diet and the most cited diets were low carb, high protein diets and intermittent fasting. The main means of dissemination of these diets were digital media (52.6%), friends (26.3%) and personal trainer (10.5%). Most of the sample reported having had a good or very good result (71.9%), but the duration of the result was short to medium (1 to 6 months) for most participants (59.4%). The most commonly reported adverse effects were weakness (46.8%), headache (37.5%), irritability (34.3%), and dizziness (18.7%). Future studies are needed to evaluate the composition of diets consumed and metabolic changes in the short and long term.Fad diets easily become popular because they promise short-term benefits. However, the adoption of these diets can be potentially harmful to health. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the adherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São Paulo, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study with 50 people who frequent gyms. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire with questions about adherence to some type of fad diet, professional orientation, means of dissemination of these diets, results, duration of results and adverse effects. Thirty-two (64.0%) of the participants reported having performed some type of fad diet and the most cited diets were low carb, high protein diets and intermittent fasting. The main means of dissemination of these diets were digital media (52.6%), friends (26.3%) and personal trainer (10.5%). Most of the sample reported having had a good or very good result (71.9%), but the duration of the result was short to medium (1 to 6 months) for most participants (59.4%). The most commonly reported adverse effects were weakness (46.8%), headache (37.5%), irritability (34.3%), and dizziness (18.7%). Future studies are needed to evaluate the composition of diets consumed and metabolic changes in the short and long term

Analysis of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and healing activity of lipid nanocarriers based on Tucuman butter (Astrocaryum vulgare), fixed oils from microalgae chlorella Homosphaera and from UVA seed Vitis vinifera

Therapeutic alternatives of natural origin have been arousing the interest of large research centers that are looking for new bioactive molecules to treat numerous diseases in the context of public health. Among them, infectious diseases, which present antimicrobial resistance, deserve attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lipid nanocarriers (CLN), as well as the healing activity, arising from the association of tucumã butter with grape seed oil and another one containing microalgae oil. Two formulations were prepared using the high-speed homogenization technique, which was evaluated for antimicrobial action for 10 strains of great clinical importance, including a multiresistant and healing activity. The formulation with Chlorella homosphaera oil showed growth inhibition for the 10 strains tested, in addition to antibiofilm activity for 8 strains, bactericidal action for 3 of 3 isolates, and satisfactory healing action in 48 hours

Influência Das Atividades Extracurriculares Sobre O Desempenho Acadêmico De Estudantes De Medicina

As atividades extracurriculares (AEs) são importantes para a graduação e trazem diversas contribuições para os alunos, como: maior satisfação com o curso, melhora da liderança, facilidade de relacionamento interpessoal e desenvolvimento de valores altruístas. É sugerido que os benefícios de uma experiência não obrigatória se manifestam de diversas formas e podem ajudar o aluno a se desenvolver de diversas maneiras. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito do impacto das AEs na vida acadêmica. Dessa forma, o objetivo central do trabalho é avaliar o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos que participam ou participaram de atividades extracurriculares. Para isso, será desenvolvido um estudo analítico, observacional, quantitativo e transversal por meio de aplicação de questionários aos estudantes do 1º ao 8º período do curso de medicina da Universidade Evangélica de Goiás – UniEVANGÉLICA, com estimativa de 775 participantes. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa acontecerá por meio da aplicação de dois formulários impressos (sociodemográfico e SRQ-20) presencialmente. Por conseguinte, será possível avaliar a prevalência das AEs por ano de curso, faixa etária e sexo, bem como quais modalidades consomem maior tempo e influenciam mais no desempenho acadêmico e nos índices de sofrimento mental, e se essa influência tem ou não relação com a quantidade de atividades praticadas, podendo, assim, enriquecer as informações acerca de fatores que influenciam a formação médica

Compared Cranial Osteology of Species of Leptoptilus (Lesson, 1831) (Aves, Ciconiidae)

The species of the Ciconiidae family (Ciconiiformes), commonly known as storks, exhibit a cosmopolite distribution, being represented by swamp birds of medium and large size. The present work aimed to describe minutely and comparatively the cranial osteology of Leptoptilus species. The study was performed based on the description of cranial bones of the species Leptoptilus dubius, L. crumeniferus, and L. javanicus. The studied specimens were previously prepared (dry crania and mandibles). Among the studied characteristics, it was possible to observe some structures of systematic importance, such as the zygomatic process, the temporal fossa, the ectethmoid, the superior maxilla, the quadrate bone that interconnects the palate, the neurocranium, and the mandible, performing a key role in the work of cranial kinesis. Leptoptilus javanicus possesses, in the lateral portion of the cranium, an emargination of the rostrodorsal edge of the postorbital process, not observed in either Leptoptilus dubius or Leptoptilus crumeniferus. The fossa ventralis possesses a projection in the caudal extremities in L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, which is absent in L. javanicus. The transpalatine process is present in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus and is absent in L. javanicus. The pterygoid process of the palatine is short in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, and long in L. javanicus. The ectethmoid is reduced in both L. dubius and L. javanicus, whereas in L. crumeniferus, besides being more developed, it presents a “U” shape. Based on the present study, L. dubius and L. crumeniferus are phylogenetically closer to each other than L. javanicus.The species of the Ciconiidae family (Ciconiiformes), commonly known as storks, exhibit a cosmopolite distribution, being represented by swamp birds of medium and large size. The present work aimed to describe minutely and comparatively the cranial osteology of Leptoptilus species. The study was performed based on the description of cranial bones of the species Leptoptilus dubius, L. crumeniferus, and L. javanicus. The studied specimens were previously prepared (dry crania and mandibles). Among the studied characteristics, it was possible to observe some structures of systematic importance, such as the zygomatic process, the temporal fossa, the ectethmoid, the superior maxilla, the quadrate bone that interconnects the palate, the neurocranium, and the mandible, performing a key role in the work of cranial kinesis. Leptoptilus javanicus possesses, in the lateral portion of the cranium, an emargination of the rostrodorsal edge of the postorbital process, not observed in either Leptoptilus dubius or Leptoptilus crumeniferus. The fossa ventralis possesses a projection in the caudal extremities in L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, which is absent in L. javanicus. The transpalatine process is present in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus and is absent in L. javanicus. The pterygoid process of the palatine is short in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, and long in L. javanicus. The ectethmoid is reduced in both L. dubius and L. javanicus, whereas in L. crumeniferus, besides being more developed, it presents a “U” shape. Based on the present study, L. dubius and L. crumeniferus are phylogenetically closer to each other than L. javanicus

Aedes-Chikungunya virus interaction : key role of vector midguts microbiota and its saliva in the host infection

Aedes mosquitoes are important vectors for emerging diseases caused by arboviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses’ main transmitting species are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which are present in tropical and temperate climatic areas all over the globe. Knowledge of vector characteristics is fundamentally important to the understanding of virus transmission. Only female mosquitoes are able to transmit CHIKV to the vertebrate host since they are hematophagous. In addition, mosquito microbiota is fundamentally important to virus infection in the mosquito. Microorganisms are able to modulate viral transmission in the mosquito, such as bacteria of the Wolbachia genus, which are capable of preventing viral infection, or protozoans of the Ascogregarina species, which are capable of facilitating virus transmission between mosquitoes and larvae. The competence of the mosquito is also important in the transmission of the virus to the vertebrate host, since their saliva has several substances with biological effects, such as immunomodulators and anticoagulants, which are able to modulate the host’s response to the virus, interfering in its pathogenicity and virulence. Understanding the Aedes vector-chikungunya interaction is fundamentally important since it can enable the search for new methods of combating the virus’ transmission

AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO AMBIENTAL DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO PESCADO NA REGIÃO PORTUÁRIA DE MANAUS/AMAZONAS

A segurança alimentar é uma preocupação recorrente, pois trata-se da necessidade de ingestão de alimentos que tenham um padrão de qualidade aceitável, sem risco à saúde. Neste trabalho, avaliam-se as condições de risco ambiental, associadas a uma área de livre comércio de pescado situada em uma região portuária localizada na Zona Sul de Manaus-AM, com 150 m de extensão, entre os igarapés do Educandos e São Raimundo, próxima a importantes locais comerciais; e as condições sanitárias do pescado durante sua comercialização, acondicionamento e descarte. No processo de análise foram consideradas as condições sanitárias do ambiente e do manipulador do alimento. O método utilizado foi a Análise de Falhas, Modos e Efeitos (FMEA). Os resultados demonstram que a aplicação do FMEA para cálculo do risco proporciona a identificação dos pontos críticos e a indicação das melhorias possíveis. Quanto ao local de análise, este encontra-se em um grau de risco variando de moderado a alto. Os fatores que podem ocasionar vetores prejudiciais à saúde pública, pelo manuseio inadequado do pescado, pela infra-estrutura local e higiene dos alimentos foram observados em 64% dos casos. E a geração de efluentes líquidos, resíduos sólidos e o consumo de água sem controle de qualidade foi associada a 36% dos casos. Apesar do quadro desfavorável, esta forma de comércio é uma vocação local e por isso deve passar por um processo de revisão do poder público, para busca de uma qualidade ambiental acompanhada da segurança alimentar do pescado comercializado

Importance of Early Recognition of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: The Nursing Function in Ambulatory Monitoring

Arterial hypertension is considered an epidemic, remaining as the main cause of death and global disability. As high blood pressure in childhood is highly predictive of high blood pressure in adulthood, there has been a growing interest in the early recognition of this condition in the pediatric population, through outpatient screening in children over three years of age. Objective: to emphasize the importance of routine monitoring of blood pressure measurement in children and adolescents in childcare consultations. Methodology: This is a literature review of published articles, searched through the PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar databases. Results: 12 scientific articles were selected as the data source for the present study, seven in English and five in Portuguese. Conclusion: the measurement of blood pressure in all consultations with children is important. If the disease is identified, treatment must be instituted, which will vary between non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies, which should be introduced for all pediatric patients with blood pressure values above the acceptable percentile for age. In this sense, it is pertinent that nurses acquire and develop skills that make it possible to implement strategies for the prevention of hypertension, as well as the early identification of children and adolescents at risk of arterial hypertension

Aedes–Chikungunya Virus Interaction: Key Role of Vector Midguts Microbiota and Its Saliva in the Host Infection

Aedes mosquitoes are important vectors for emerging diseases caused by arboviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses’ main transmitting species are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which are present in tropical and temperate climatic areas all over the globe. Knowledge of vector characteristics is fundamentally important to the understanding of virus transmission. Only female mosquitoes are able to transmit CHIKV to the vertebrate host since they are hematophagous. In addition, mosquito microbiota is fundamentally important to virus infection in the mosquito. Microorganisms are able to modulate viral transmission in the mosquito, such as bacteria of the Wolbachia genus, which are capable of preventing viral infection, or protozoans of the Ascogregarina species, which are capable of facilitating virus transmission between mosquitoes and larvae. The competence of the mosquito is also important in the transmission of the virus to the vertebrate host, since their saliva has several substances with biological effects, such as immunomodulators and anticoagulants, which are able to modulate the host’s response to the virus, interfering in its pathogenicity and virulence. Understanding the Aedes vector-chikungunya interaction is fundamentally important since it can enable the search for new methods of combating the virus’ transmission

Alvarado’s Criteria for Diagnosis of Children’s Acute Apendicitis

Acute abdomen in children is a condition that causes great distress to parents, and appendicitis is its most common cause, being more frequent at school age. This pathology is the cause of numerous visits to public and private hospitals around the world, and brings several complications. It is important that the health team is aware of the possibility of appendicitis in children, due to its high incidence and difficulty in establishing its diagnosis, because the symptoms are nonspecific and there are different clinical presentations. Objective: to explain the importance of the Alvarado criterion for the diagnosis of acute childhood appendicitis. Methodology: This is an integrative bibliographic review, in articles published in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar databases. For the search for data, the descriptors “Acute abdomen”, “Appendicitis”, “Children” and the keyword “Alvarado score” were used. Data were collected in December 2020. Results: 16 articles were selected as the final sample for analysis of the review, six in English, nine in Portuguese and one in Spanish. Conclusion: Through this review it can be concluded that the use of the Alvarado Score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is useful and effective, avoiding the use of imaging tests in patients with a score above 7 on this scale

Alterações fisiológicas de soja cultivada com remineralizador de solo no Cerrado sob regimes hídricos variáveis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the soil remineralizer fine-graded mica schist (FMS) on soybean (Glycine max) physiology, yield, and grain quality under different water regimes (WRs) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted under field conditions for two years, using four WRs and three treatments: mica schist, conventional fertilization, and control. In 2017 and 2018, the following WRs were evaluated: WR1, WR2, WR3, and WR4, corresponding to a mean value of 100, 65, 44, and 28% of crop evapotranspiration replacement, respectively. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv’/Fm’), quantum yield (PSII) (ᶲFSII), and electron transport rate reduced as a function of the advanced phenological stage of soybean and the reduction in WR. Grain quality was only affected by the WR. The mica schist was statistically similar to conventional fertilization and the control in 2017 and 2018. Yield decreased due to the anticipation of soybean phenological age and WR, but there were no differences between the three treatments in 2017 and 2018. The reduction in soybean yield is attributed to stomatal closure, loss of photoprotective capacity, and damage to the photosynthetic machinery caused by drought.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do remineralizador de solo finos de mica xisto (FMS) na fisiologia, na produtividade e na qualidade de grãos de soja (Glycine max) em diferentes regimes hídricos (RHs), no Cerrado brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo durante dois anos, tendo-se utilizado quatro RHs e três tratamentos: mica xisto, adubação convencional e controle. Em 2017 e 2018, foram avaliados os seguintes RHs: RH1, RH2, RH3 e RH4, que correspondiam ao valor médio de 100, 65, 44 e 28% da reposição da evapotranspiração da cultura, respectivamente. A fotossíntese, a condutância estomática, a transpiração, a concentração interna de CO2, o rendimento quântico efetivo do fotossistema II (FSII) (Fv’/Fm’), o rendimento quântico (FSII) (ᶲFSII) e a taxa de transporte de elétrons reduziram em função do avanço da fase fenológica da soja e da redução do RH. A qualidade dos grãos foi afetada apenas pelo RH. O mica xisto foi estatisticamente semelhante à adubação convencional e ao controle em 2017 e 2018. A produtividade reduziu devido à antecipação da idade fenológica da soja e do RH, mas não houve diferenças entre os três tratamentos em 2017 e 2018. A redução da produtividade da soja é atribuída ao fechamento estomático, à perda da capacidade fotoprotetora e aos danos ao maquinário fotossintético causados pela seca