1,153 research outputs found
Microwave and radio emission of dusty star-forming galaxies: Implication for the cosmic radio background
We use the most up-to-date cosmological evolution models of star-forming (SF)
galaxies and radio sources to compute the extragalactic number counts and the
cosmic background from 408MHz to 12THz. The model of SF galaxies reproduces the
constraints obtained by Spitzer, Herschel, and ground-based submm/mm
experiments: number counts, redshift distribution of galaxies, cosmic
background intensity and anisotropies. The template SEDs of this model are
extrapolated to the radio adding synchrotron, free-free, and spinning dust
emissions. To fix the synchrotron intensity, we use the IR/radio flux ratio,
q70, and a spectral index beta=-3. For a constant q70, our model added to the
AGN contribution provides a good fit to the number counts from 12THz to 408MHz
and to the CIB. Spinning dust accounts for up to 20% of the cosmic microwave
background produced by SF galaxies, but for less than 10% of the total
background when AGN are included. The SF galaxies account for 77.5% of the
number counts at 1.4GHz for a flux of 1e-4Jy. However, the model does not
explain the CRB measured with the ARCADE2 experiment. Considering the case when
q70 decreases strongly with redshift, this still does not explain the ARCADE2
results. It also yields to an overestimate of the low-flux number counts in the
radio. Thus, we rule out a steep variation of q70 with redshift at least for
z<3.5. Adding a population of faint SF galaxies at high redshift (Lir<1e11Lsun
and 4<z<6), which would reproduce the ARCADE2 results, leads to predictions of
the CIB much higher than what is observed, ruling out this as the explanation
for the ARCADE2 results. Considering our findings and previous studies, we
conclude that if the radio emission measured by ARCADE2 is astrophysical in
origin, it has to originate in the Galaxy or in a new kind of radio sources
(with no mid- to far-IR counterparts) or emission mechanism still to be
discovered.Comment: accepted for publication by A&A, modification of one citatio
Comments on the paper "The initial conditions of isolated star formation - VI. SCUBA mapping of prestellar cores" (Kirk et al. 2005)
In their survey paper of prestellar cores with SCUBA, Kirk et al. (2005) have
discarded two of our papers on L183 (Pagani et al. 2003, 2004). However these
papers bring two important pieces of information that they cannot ignore.
Namely, the real structure of L183 and the very poor correlation between
submillimeter and far infrared (FIR) dust emission beyond \Avb 15
mag. Making the erroneous assumption that it is the same dust that we are
seeing in emission at both 200 and 850 m, they derive constant
temperatures which are only approximate, and column densities which are too
low. In fact dust temperatures do decrease inside dark clouds and the FIR
emission is only tracing the outer parts of the dark clouds (Pagani et al.
2004
Dissecting the high-z interstellar medium through intensity mapping cross-correlations
We explore the detection, with upcoming spectroscopic surveys, of
three-dimensional power spectra of emission line fluctuations produced in
different phases of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) by ionized carbon, ionized
nitrogen and neutral oxygen at redshift z>4. The emission line [CII] from
ionized carbon at 157.7 micron, and multiple emission lines from carbon
monoxide, are the main targets of planned ground-based surveys, and an
important foreground for future space-based surveys like the Primordial
Inflation Explorer (PIXIE). However, the oxygen [OI] (145.5 micron) line, and
the nitrogen [NII] (121.9 micron and 205.2 micron) lines, might be detected in
correlation with [CII] with reasonable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These lines
are important coolants of both the neutral and the ionized medium, and probe
multiple phases of the ISM. We compute predictions of the three-dimensional
power spectra for two surveys designed to target the [CII] line, showing that
they have the required sensitivity to detect cross-power spectra with the [OI]
line, and the [NII] lines with sufficient SNR. The importance of
cross-correlating multiple lines is twofold. On the one hand, we will have
multiple probes of the different phases of the ISM, which is key to understand
the interplay between energetic sources, the gas and dust at high redshift.
This kind of studies will be useful for a next-generation space observatory
such as the NASA Far-IR Surveyor. On the other end, emission lines from
external galaxies are an important foreground when measuring spectral
distortions of the Cosmic Microwave Background spectrum with future space-based
experiments like PIXIE; measuring fluctuations in the intensity mapping regime
will help constraining the mean amplitude of these lines, and will allow us to
better handle this important foreground.Comment: 13 pages, 2 table, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
LES RÉSEAUX NÉOLITHIQUES: QUELQUES RÉFLEXIONS PRÉALABLES
La notion de "réseau" néolithique met en jeu des processus complexes, ce terme impliquant plusieurs "échelles" de circulation: réseaux internes au sein d'ensembles culturels homogènes, réseaux supra-culturels transgressant divers ensembles. Au-delà de ces constants jouant autour de la notion de frontière, se pose la question des phénomènes sociaux qui sous-tendent la propagation d'objects: cadeaux, règles de réciprocité, nécessités économiques, diffusions à sens unique ou multidirecionnel, mouvements d'individus ou de groupes, etc. S'agissant de productions matérielles, s'ensuivent diverses interrogations: qui acquiert la matière? qui produit? qui diffuse? qui consomme? qui abandonne?
Si les réseaux "materiéls" sont les plus accesibles à la visibilité des archéologues, qu'en est-il des circulations de personnes et, au-delà, des propagations d'idées engendrant des parallélismes dans les comportaments, les organitzacions sociales, l'ideologie? Derri`re le terme réseau (network) se cachent de multiples facters à l'oevre. On doit s'interroger aussi sur lés éventuelles résistances aux circulations d'objects ou d'idées par contre-production de référents identidaires. Enfin les référents identitaires. Enfin les réseaux que l'on observe sont-ils uniquement le fruit d'échanges pacifiques
A dynamical transition from atomic to molecular intermediate-velocity clouds
Towards the high galactic latitude sky, the far-infrared (FIR) intensity is
tightly correlated to the total hydrogen column density which is made up of
atomic (HI) and molecular hydrogen (H. Above a certain column density
threshold, atomic hydrogen turns molecular. We analyse gas and dust properties
of intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) in the lower galactic halo to explore
their transition from the atomic to the molecular phase. Driven by
observations, we investigate the physical processes that transform a purely
atomic IVC into a molecular one. Data from the Effelsberg-Bonn HI-Survey
(EBHIS) are correlated to FIR wavebands of the Planck satellite and IRIS.
Modified black-body emission spectra are fitted to deduce dust optical depths
and grain temperatures. We remove the contribution of atomic hydrogen to the
FIR intensity to estimate molecular hydrogen column densities. Two IVCs show
different FIR properties, despite their similarity in HI, such as narrow
spectral lines and large column densities. One FIR bright IVC is associated
with H, confirmed by CO emission; the other IVC
is FIR dim and shows no FIR excess, which indicates the absence of molecular
hydrogen. We propose that the FIR dim and bright IVCs probe the transition
between the atomic and molecular gas phase. Triggered by dynamical processes,
this transition happens during the descent of IVCs onto the galactic disk. The
most natural driver is ram pressure exerted onto the cloud by the increasing
halo density. Because of the enhanced pressure, the formation timescale of
H is reduced, allowing the formation of large amounts of H within a
few Myr.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by A&
Implementing a Culturally Sensitive Intervention for Haitian Patients Non-Adhering to Hypertensive Medications
Background: The pervasiveness of hypertension (HTN), morbidity, and mortality in Haitians immigrants are frightening. Nonadherence with hypertensive medications, disease management, lifestyle modifications, and cultural and spiritual beliefs, including prayer; faith healing; use of herbal teas; and a diet that is deficient in potassium, rich in sodium, high in fat, cholesterol, and carbohydrates result in increased prevalence of HTN and disability in the Haitian community. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to examine the existing system for adherence to hypertensive medications, standardized clinical practice guidelines, identify patients at risk for nonadherence to hypertensive medications, disease management, medical follow-up, and incorporate standardized clinical guidelines into existing medical practice at a primary care office. Theoretical Framework: Theory of transnationalism was used. The transnationalism theoretical framework presents the impact of migration and transnational activities on the health of immigrants. Methods: The mixed model research with exploratory design was used. Results: The implementation of the resource guide was effective as evidenced by improved blood pressure readings and increase adherence to hypertensive medications as well as follow-up appointments. Conclusion: The prevalence of HTN in Haitian immigrants necessitate a different approach to health care delivery. Health care providers need to be aware of Haitian culture to deliver culturally competent care to improve health outcomes in Haitian immigrants
Cross-correlation of cosmic far-infrared background anisotropies with large scale structures
We measure the cross-power spectra between luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-III Data Release Eight (DR8) and cosmic
infrared background (CIB) anisotropies from Planck and data from the Improved
Reprocessing (IRIS) of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) at 353, 545,
857, and 3000 GHz, corresponding to 850, 550, 350 and 100 micron, respectively,
in the multipole range 100<l<1000. Using approximately 6.5 10^5 photometrically
determined LRGs in 7760 deg^2 of the northern hemisphere in the redshift range
0.45 < z < 0.65, we model the far-infrared background (FIRB) anisotropies with
an extended version of the halo model. With these methods, we confirm the basic
picture obtained from recent analyses of FIRB anisotropies with Herschel and
Planck, that the most efficient halo mass at hosting star forming galaxies is
log(M_ eff/M_\odot)=12.84+/-0.15. We estimate the percentage of FIRB
anisotropies correlated with LRGs as approximately 11.8 %, 3.9 %, 1.8 %, and
1.0 % of the total at 3000, 857, 545, and 353 GHz, respectively. At redshift
z~0.55, the bias of FIRB galaxies with respect to the dark matter density field
has the value b_{FIRB}~1.45, and the mean dust temperature of FIRB galaxies is
T_d=26 K. Finally, we discuss the impact of present and upcoming
cross-correlations with far-infrared background anisotropies on the
determination of the global star formation history and the link between
galaxies and dark matter.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Produção de adsorventes à base de resíduos para a remoção de fármacos da água: ativação química e modificação
The sustainable development of society implies the adoption of strategies
related to waste management and valorization (in a circular economy
perspective) and to effluent treatment (namely for the removal of
pharmaceuticals from water). Being adsorption by activated carbon (AC) a
well-established method for water treatment, this work focuses on the
production of AC using residues, namely sludge from pulp and paper industry,
for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water. This approach aims to foster an
integrated solution for the two environmental issues involved in this work.
Primary pulp and paper mill sludge (PS) showed a great potential to produce
carbon-based adsorbents, relatively to biological sludge (BS). Through the use
of PS and a production process involving chemical activation and pyrolysis, it
was possible to produce AC in both powdered and granular (using a binder
agent) forms, with high surface areas (SBET) (similar to those of commercial AC
with the same granulometry). The produced powdered AC presented, in batch
adsorption systems, adsorption capacities for the pharmaceuticals
carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and paroxetine (PAR), in the
same magnitude of commercial AC. However, when applied in wastewater
matrix, variations in the adsorption capacity of the produced AC for the studied
pharmaceutical was observed, namely in the case of SMX, which decreased,
and PAR, that increased.
The produced granular AC showed, in batch adsorption systems, lower
adsorption capacity for the three pharmaceuticals CBZ, SMX, and PAR, than
the commercial granular AC used as reference. Also, in this case, a reduction
in the adsorption capacity for CBZ and SMX was observed for wastewater
matrices. In fixed-bed column studies (continuous mode) the produced
granular AC presented a higher breakthrough volume and adsorption capacity
for CBZ for the lower flow-rate. Also, it was observed a reduction of the
adsorption capacity with the increase of the complexity of the aqueous matrix
(distilled water > wastewater > multicomponente solutions – with the three
pharmaceuticals – in wastewater).
The application of different functionalization methods to the powdered AC
surface showed to be an interesting approach, evidencing an increase in the
selectivity of some functionalized AC for some of the pharmaceuticals under
study, despite the general reduction in their SBET.
Concluding, this work demonstrates the potential of PS from pulp and paper
mill industry to produce alternative AC, particularly in the powdered form, to be
applied in the removal of pharmaceuticals from water.O desenvolvimento sustentável da sociedade implica a adoção de estratégias
ligadas à gestão dos resíduos e sua valorização (numa perspetiva de
economia circular) e ao tratamento de efluentes (nomeadamente, para a
remoção de fármacos da água). Sendo o processo de adsorção por carvão
ativado (CA) um método bem estabelecido para o tratamento de águas, este
trabalho incide sobre a produção de CA a partir de resíduos, nomeadamente
lamas da indústria da pasta e do papel, para a remoção de fármacos da água.
Esta abordagem pretende proporcionar uma solução integrada nos dois
desafios ambientais anteriormente referidos.
Comparativamente com as lamas biológicas (LB), as lamas primárias (LP) da
indústria da pasta e do papel, mostraram ter um grande potencial para a
produção de adsorventes à base de carvão. A partir de LP, e usando um
processo de ativação química e pirólise, foi possível produzir CA, quer na
forma de pó, quer na forma granular (usando um agente aglomerante) com
elevadas áreas superficiais (SBET) (comparáveis às de CA comerciais da
mesma granulometria). Os CA produzidos em pó apresentaram, em sistemas
descontínuos de adsorção, capacidades de adsorção para os fármacos
carbamazepina (CBZ), sulfametoxazol (SMX) e paroxetina (PAR), da mesma
ordem de grandeza que os CA comerciais. Contudo, quando aplicados em
matrizes de efluente real, observam-se variações na capacidade de adsorção
dos CA produzidos para os fármacos em estudo, principalmente no caso do
SMX, que diminuiu, e da PAR, que aumentou.
O CA granular produzido apresentou, em sistemas descontínuos de adsorção,
menor capacidade de adsorção para os três fármacos CBZ, SMX e PAR, do
que o CA granular comercial de referência. Também neste caso, se verificou
uma redução da capacidade de adsorção da CBZ e do SMX em matrizes de
efluente real. Estudos realizados em colunas de leito-fixo (modo contínuo)
mostraram que o CA granular produzido apresentou maior volume de rutura e
maior capacidade de adsorção da CBZ para o menor fluxo. Verificou-se,
ainda, a redução da capacidade de adsorção com o aumento da
complexidade da matriz aquosa (água destilada > efluente real > soluções
multicomponente - com os três fármacos - em efluente).
A aplicação de diferentes metodologias de modificação ou funcionalização da
superfície dos CA em pó mostrou ser uma abordagem interessante,
observando-se um aumento de seletividade de alguns CA funcionalizados
para alguns dos fármacos em estudo, apesar da redução geral da SBET destes.
Em suma, este trabalho demonstra o potencial das LP da indústria papeleira
para a produção de CA alternativos aos CA comerciais, em particular para a
formulação em pó, e para a sua aplicação na remoção de fármacos das
águas.Programa Doutoral em Químic
Pont de Roque-Haute et le cadre chronologique du Néolithique ancien du Sud de la France.
Les datations radiocarbone du gisement languedocien de Pont de Roque-Haute sont replacées dans le contexte du 6e millénaire de Méditerranée occidentale
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