Phenology and mortality of embryos in a Colombian population of Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae)

Fenologia e mortalidade de embriões em uma população colombiana de Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae). Estudos de fenologia e história natural dos anuros fornecem informações úteis para sua conservação. Isso é particularmente importante nos cenários atuais de doenças emergentes, altas taxas de desmatamento e mudanças climáticas. Monitoramos a época de reprodução da perereca-de-vidro Nymphargus grandisonae (Centrolenidae) e sua relação com a precipitação e a temperatura ambiental durante quatro anos em uma população localizada nos Andes Centrais da Colômbia, América do Sul. Além disso, registramos as causas de mortalidade nas desovas dessa espécie. Quantificamos a infestação por larvas de moscas e seus efeitos na sobrevivência dos embriões. Descobrimos que a atividade reprodutiva de N. grandisonae (número de machos vocalizando) foi sazonal e ocorreu nos meses de maior precipitação. A principal causa de mortalidade embrionária nas desovas esteve associada à infestação por uma mosca do gênero c.f. Cladochaeta (Drosophilidae). A sobrevivência de embriões em desovas infestadas foi significativamente menor do que naquelas não infestadas pelas larvas da mosca. Nossos achados fornecem dados básicos para o monitoramento da dinâmica populacional de anuros na região Andina usando a perereca-de-vidro N. grandisonae como modelo de estudo.Phenology and mortality of embryos in a Colombian population of Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae). Studies of phenology and natural history of anurans provide information useful for its conservation. This is particularly important in current scenarios of emergent diseases, high rates of deforestation, and climate change. We recorded the timing of breeding of the Glass Frog Nymphargus grandisonae and its relationship to precipitation and environmental temperature for four years in a population located in the Central Andes of Colombia, South America. In addition, we recorded the causes of mortality in egg clutches of this species. We quantified infestation by fly larvae and its impact on the survival of embryos. We found that the reproductive activity of N. grandisonae (number of males calling) was seasonal and occurred in months with highest precipitation. The main cause of embryo mortality in clutches was associated with the infestation by a spittlebug fly of the genus c.f. Cladochaeta (Drosophilidae). The survival of embryos in infested clutches was significantly lower than in those clutches not infested by fly larvae. Our results provide baseline data for the monitoring of anuran population dynamics in the Andean region using the glass frog N. grandisonae as a model system

Ventana de biodiversidad enclave de Atuncela, municipio de Dagua, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

El enclave subxerofítico de la cuenca alta del río Dagua, se localiza en el conocido Chocó Biogeográfico, una de las regiones más lluviosas y biodiversas del mundo. Si bien es cierto que la riqueza de especies de flora y fauna es baja comparada con la de las zonas más húmedas, en la estrecha área del enclave se encuentra un alto endemismo y unas relaciones ecológicas únicas que contribuyen a la biodiversidad de la gran regiónCali, Valle del CaucaPlaneación ambiental para la conservación de la biodiversidad en las áreas operativas de Ecopetro

Levantamiento de la información biológica de la ventana de biodiversidad municipio de Filandia, Quindío, Colombia

El cañón del río Barbas se encuentra conectado con la reserva forestal de Bremen por cuatro corredores biológicos en sucesión ecológica.BogotáPlaneación ambiental para la conservación de la biodiversidad en las áreas operativas de Ecopetro

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Interação do comportamento e fisiologia dos anuros em resposta ao estresse térmico e hídrico: uma abordagem para entender a vulnerabilidade dos anuros às mudanças climáticas

In this master thesis, the thermoregulation model proposed by Heath (1970) was updated, integrating the effects of the hydration level on the thermoregulation behavior and the thermal tolerance limits of the Bull Frog, Lithobates catesbeianus (Chapter I). For the thermoregulation behavior the preferred body temperatures (PBT) of hydrated and dehydrated individuals were measured, and as thermal tolerance, the Voluntary Thermal Maximum (VTMax) and the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTMax) were measured in groups of individuals with different hydration levels. Chapter II uses the information collected in chapter I to evaluate the effects of the hydration level on the time to loss the locomotor function of L.catesbeianus individuals exposed to their VTMax. Both chapters indicates that dehydration negatively affects not only the thermoregulation behavior and thermal tolerance of this species, but also the time it takes for individuals to lose their locomotor function when exposed to their VTMax. Our data suggest that dehydration is an important variable that must be included to evaluate the effects of high temperatures and dry conditions on wet skin ectotherms. The temperature-dehydration integration and its effects on these organisms can be included in mechanistic distribution models to update their climate vulnerability under current and future scenarios of climate changeNesta tese de mestrado foi atualizado o modelo de termorregulação proposto por Heath (1970), integrando os efeitos do nível de hidratação sobre o comportamento de termorregulação e a tolerância térmica da Rã touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Capitulo I). Para o comportamento de termorregulação foram medidas as temperaturas corpóreas preferenciais (pelas suas siglas em inglês, PBT) de indivíduos hidratados e desidratados, e como tolerância térmica, foram medidas a temperatura voluntária máxima e a temperatura crítica máxima (pelas suas siglas em inglês, VTMax e CTMax, respetivamente) em grupos de indivíduos com diferentes níveis de hidratação. O capítulo II utiliza as informações levantadas no capitulo I para avaliar os efeitos do nível de hidratação sobre o tempo de perda da função locomotora de indivíduos de L.catesbeianus expostos a sua VTMax. O conjunto de dados dos capítulos I e II apontam que a desidratação afeta negativamente não só o comportamento de termorregulação e tolerância térmica desta espécie, mas também o tempo necessário para os indivíduos perderem sua função locomotora ao serem expostos a sua VTMax. Nossos dados sugerem que a desidratação é uma variável importante que deve ser incluída para avaliar os efeitos das altas temperaturas e secas nos ectotermos de pele úmida. A integração temperatura-desidratação e seus efeitos nestes organismos podem ser incluídos em modelos de distribuição mecanicistas para atualizar a vulnerabilidade climática deles nos cenários atuais e futuros das mudanças climática

Nuevos registros y extensión del rango de distribución de la rana de cristal de Chiriquí Teratohyla pulverata (Anura: Centrolenidae) en Colombia

Objetivo: Proveer información de nuevos registros y consiguiente extensión de distribución de Teratohyla pulverata para Colombia. Metodología: Se obtuvieron registros visuales de individuos de T. pulverata. Losindividuos y fotografías de la especie localizada en los distintos puntos geográficos se corroboraron revi- sando claves taxonómicas y colecciones biológicas, consultando a expertos, bases de datos y artículos enrevistas nacionales e internacionales. Una vez verificada la información, se generó el mapa de distribuciónde la especie en Colombia. Resultados: Se presentan nuevos registros de distribución para T. pulverataen Colombia en los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas y Chocó. Además, se presenta una extensión del rango de distribución de esta especie hacia el norte y oeste de Colombia. Esta especiepresenta una amplia distribución en Centro y Sur América, por ello se requieren estudios para identificarla variación morfológica y molecular a lo largo de su distribución. La diversidad de la familia Centrolenidaeen Colombia aún sigue variando, debido a la aparición de sinonimias, revisión de colecciones científicas ydetección de nuevas especies, o poblaciones de especies ya reconocidas. Las colecciones biológicas aún tienen vacíos de información que requieren ser revisados y que puede evidenciar la presencia de nuevas especies o nuevos registros de distribución para muchos representantes de esta familia. Conclusiones: Las salidas de campo y la revisión de colecciones biológicas, pueden ofrecer información que promoverá a la documentación de la historia natural, ecología, gestión y conservación para esta especie y los demás representantes de la familia

Correction: Does behavioral thermal tolerance predict distribution pattern and habitat use in two sympatric Neotropical frogs?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239485.]

Does behavioral thermal tolerance predict distribution pattern and habitat use in two sympatric Neotropical frogs?

Environmental temperatures are a major constraint on ectotherm abundance, influencing their distribution and natural history. Comparing thermal tolerances with environmental temperatures is a simple way to estimate thermal constraints on species distributions. We investigate the potential effects of behavioral thermal tolerance (i. e. Voluntary Thermal Maximum, VTMax) on anuran local (habitat) and regional distribution patterns and associated behavioral responses. We tested for differences in Voluntary Thermal Maximum (VTMax) of two sympatric frog species of the genus Physalaemus in the Cerrado. We mapped the difference between VTMax and maximum daily temperature (VTMax-ETMax) and compared the abundance in open and non-open habitats for both species. Physalaemus nattereri had a significantly higher VTMax than P. cuvieri. For P. nattereri, the model including only period of day was chosen as the best to explain variation in the VTMax while for P. cuvieri, the null model was the best model. At the regional scale, VTMax-ETMax values were significantly different between species, with P. nattereri mostly found in localities with maximum temperatures below its VTMax and P. cuvieri showing the reverse pattern. Regarding habitat use, P. cuvieri was in general more abundant in open than in non-open habitats, whereas P. nattereri was similarly abundant in these habitats. This difference seems to reflect their distribution patterns: P. cuvieri is more abundant in open and warmer habitats and occurs mostly in warmer areas in relation to its VTMax, whereas P. nattereri tends to be abundant in both open and non-open (and cooler) areas and occurs mostly in cooler areas regarding its VTMax. Our study indicates that differences in behavioral thermal tolerance may be important in shaping local and regional distribution patterns. Furthermore, small-scale habitat use might reveal a link between behavioral thermal tolerance and natural history strategies

Volumen II. Tomo II. Catálogo de biodiversidad de las regiones andina, pacífica y piedemonte amazónico. Nivel Local. Volumen 2 Tomo 2. Serie Planeación ambiental para la conservación de la biodiversidad en áreas operativas de Ecopetrol

Bogotá, D. C.Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold