Software Quality Objectives for Source Code

International audienceThe MathWorks - Renault SA - PSA Peugeot Citroën - Delphi Diesel System - Valeo group wrote together a code quality standard from scratch. This document describes how the code standard places the proof of absence of run-time errors at the centre of its software quality model. It details how the following elements of the quality model co-exist together with the supplier code life cycle: MISRA-C coding standard, the absence of run-time errors and some code complexity metrics. Additionally, this document describes how the Automotive manufacturers and the suppliers have to agree on and achieve different Software Quality Objectives according to the code life cycle stage and the safety aspects of the application.Finally, the document illustrates that standard with the PolySpace product and details how the product can help both the automotive manufacturer and the supplier working with this standard

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Analyse structurale et étude du comportement en solution de différents polysaccharides bactériens

GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

AUTOSAR STANDARD DEPLOYMENT

International audienceThis presentation intends to introduce the DESTAR community, purposes, objectives and already obtained outcomes.Under the umbrella of French Automotive Engineer Society, DESTAR is a partnership between French automotive players involved in AUTOSAR consortium and related activities. Among them:PSA Peugeot CitroënRenault SASCEA LISTContinental Automotive France SASValeoDelphi France SASFreescale Semiconducteurs France SASGeensysJohnson Controls Automotive Electronics SASSTMicroelectronicsObjectives of DESTAR, supported by French clusters are:- Strengthen the links across the French automotive value chain in order to ease the deployment of AUTOSAR.Hold regular plenary meetings is a key to share AUTOSAR roadmaps and common vision.- Bring the AUTOSAR ECU development cheaper than traditional ECU development:Based on a reference platform, project already launched named Petra, identify and build shared and recognized performances indicators in order to independently assess AUTOSAR implementations.- Coordinate collaborative projects set up and ensure R&D results industrialization.Play a role of accelerator in the learning curve of AUTOSAR approach, identify and implement key topics related to AUTOSAR in collaborative projects (i.e; EDONA, O4A2, MODELISAR).-Explore impact of AUTOSAR on Business Model: Collect existing approaches and compare with automotive specificities. Identify blocking points

Renault Nissan new Software Strategy

International audienceThe abstract will present the Renault Nissan new software strategy. We will show the major stakes in order to improve drastically the robustness of software at launch of new vehicles, such as standardization (AUTOSAR, Genivi), new process, platforming, continuous integration and validation, improvement of quality management system, key principles for a new organization. We will then focus on the Alliance Software Center and come back on buyout of Intel R&D centers of Toulouse and Sophia

Manage the automotive embedded software development cost & productivity with the automation of a Functional Size Measurement Method (COSMIC)

International audienceYear after year, more and more cars’ functionalities are performed by software: electrical vehicle, multimedia, connectivity with the outside world and so on. As its software development costs are increasing, Renault decided to develop metrics and an estimation process in order to be able to predict its software costs early in the vehicle or power-train project. At the same time, Renault is working with its major Electronic Control Units suppliers to contract with them on the basis of software metrics. After different studies, Renault chose the COSMIC method as its embedded software metric. COSMIC is for COmmon Software Measurement International Consortium, and is also the name of a Functional Size Measurement (FSM) method, ISO standard since 2003. To make its measurement process robust, Renault has decided to automate the functional size measurement

Nucleolin directly mediates Epstein-Barr virus immune evasion through binding to G-quadruplexes of EBNA1 mRNA

International audienceThe oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) evades the immune system but has an Achilles heel: its genome maintenance protein EBNA1, which is essential for viral genome maintenance but highly antigenic. EBV has seemingly evolved a system in which the mRNA sequence encoding the glycine-alanine repeats (GAr) of the EBNA1 protein limits its expression to the minimal level necessary for function while minimizing immune recognition. Here, we identify nucleolin (NCL) as a host factor required for this process via a direct interaction with G-quadruplexes formed in GAr-encoding mRNA sequence. Overexpression of NCL enhances GAr-based inhibition of EBNA1 protein expression, whereas its downregulation relieves the suppression of both expression and antigen presentation. Moreover, the G-quadruplex ligand PhenDC3 prevents NCL binding to EBNA1 mRNA and reverses GAr-mediated repression of EBNA1 expression and antigen presentation. Hence the NCL-EBNA1 mRNA interaction is a relevant therapeutic target to trigger an immune response against EBV-carrying cancers

Sex Differences in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: the Role of Sex Hormones.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental components. AAA is more common in males, whereas women have a greater risk of rupture and more frequently have concomitant thoracic aortic aneurysms. Moreover, women are diagnosed with AAA about 10 years later and seem to be protected by female sex hormones. In this MEDLINE-based review of literature we examined human and animal, in vivo and in vitro studies, to further deepen our understanding of the sexual dimorphism of AAA. We focus on the role of sex hormones during the formation and growth of AAA. Endogenous estrogens and exogenous 17beta-estradiol were found to exert favorable actions protecting from AAA in animal models, whereas exogenous hormone replacement therapy in humans had inconclusive results. Androgens, known to have detrimental effects in the vasculature, in sufficient levels maintain the integrity of the aortic wall through their anabolic actions and act differentially in males and females, whereas lower levels of testosterone have been associated with AAA in humans. In conclusion, sex differences remain an important area of AAA research, but further studies especially in humans are needed. Furthermore, differential molecular mechanisms of sex hormones constitute a potential therapeutic target for AAA