Guía metodológica para el levantamiento y análisis de requerimientos de software con base en procesos de negocio

Ingeniero (a) de SistemasPregrad

Estudio de factibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de embutidos y cortes especiales en la parroquia de Ambuquí provincia de Imbabura

Realizar el estudio de factibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de embutidos y cortes especiales en la parroquia de Ambuquí provincia de Imbabura.Este documento tiene como propósito evaluar la factibilidad para la ejecución de una planta de derivados cárnicos y cortes seleccionados en la Provincia de Imbabura, parroquia de Ambuquí. Los productos que fueron identificados en el estudio de mercado son: salchicha, mortadela, chorizo y jamón; estos embutidos serán elaborados con estrictas normas de calidad y cumpliendo con los requerimientos establecidos por las normas INEN; además se procesará y comercializará cortes especiales seleccionados de cerdo y res. El estudio de mercado señala una demanda insatisfecha de 455.15 toneladas métricas de carne para el primer año, de la cual cubriremos un 20 % de dicha demanda, teniendo una cantidad de 265.5 kg de carne por día; trabajando con una capacidad operativa del 70 % para el primer año hasta que en los próximos años se cubra el 100% de la capacidad instalada. En cuanto se refiere a la rentabilidad los criterios de evaluación aplicados son los siguientes: VAN 201.233,12 USD y una Tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 25% con estos valores el tiempo de recuperación de la inversión es de dos años con 8 meses aproximadamente. En el estudio de impacto ambiental no arroja resultados significativos que ameriten un estudio de impacto con mayor profundidad, sin embargo se ha estructurado estrategias de remediación que disminuyan el impacto generado por el proceso de elaboración de los productos y el montaje de la infraestructura. En conclusión, el proyecto para la ejecución de una planta de derivados cárnicos y cortes seleccionados en la parroquia de Ambuquí es factible de manera técnica, económica y financiera, pues tiene gran oportunidad de mercado y un enorme campo donde puede ampliarse para crecer empresarialmente.Ingenierí

Plan piloto de coaching en una organización social de la región del Maule

75 p.El presente estudio da cuenta de los resultados de la implementación de un plan piloto de coaching efectuado por estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Talca, en una organización social de la Región del Maule. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la implementación del plan piloto, para ello se consideró la aplicación Pre y Post-Test de dos instrumentos, el TMMS-24 y la versión española de las Escalas RYFF a 14 sujetos intervenidos. Se comparó a los sujetos tanto en el pre-test como en el post-test, los análisis efectuados arrojan diferencias significativas en lo que se refiere a Crecimiento Personal, una de las dimensiones de Bienestar Psicológico, siendo la media del Pre-Test (x=3,986) significativamente menor a la media del Post-Test (x=4,186), p<0,005. En el análisis cualitativo, la totalidad de los participantes se refieren al proceso como algo positivo y de ayuda en su quehacer profesional, obteniendo aprendizajes aplicables a su entorno laboral. Palabras Clave: Coaching, Programa de Intervención, Inteligencia emocional, Bienestar psicológico

Multidisciplinary approach to the transfection of plasmid DNA by a nonviral nanocarrier based on a Gemini-Bolaamphiphilic hybrid lipid

A multidisciplinary strategy, including bothbiochemical and biophysical studies, was proposed here toevaluate the potential of lipid nanoaggregates consisting of amixture of a gemini−bolaamphiphilic lipid (C6C22C6) and thewell-known helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidy-lethanolamine (DOPE) to transfect plasmid DNA into livingcells in an efficient and safe way. For that purpose, severalexperimental techniques were employed, such as zeta potential(phase analysis light scattering methodology), agarose gelelectrophoresis (pDNA compaction and pDNA protectionassays), small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electronmicroscopy, atomic force microscopy,fluorescence-assisted cellsorting, luminometry, and cytotoxicity assays. The resultsrevealed that the cationic lipid and plasmid offer only 70 and30% of their nominal positive (=++q2.0nom,C C C6226) and negative charges (=−−q2/bpnom,pDNA), respectively. Upon mixing withDOPE, they form lipoplexes that self-aggregate in typical multilamellar Lαlyotropic liquid-crystal nanostructures with sizes in therange of 100−200 nm and low polydispersities, very suitablyfitted to remain in the bloodstream and cross the cell membrane.Interestingly, these nanoaggregates were able to compact, protect (from the degrading effect of DNase I), and transfect two DNAplasmids (pEGFP-C3, encoding the greenfluorescent protein, and pCMV-Luc, encoding luciferase) into COS-7 cells, with anefficiency equal or even superior to that of the universal control Lipo2000*, as long as the effective +/−charge ratio wasmaintained higher than 1 but reasonably close to electroneutrality. Moreover, this transfection process was not cytotoxic becausethe viability of COS-7 cells remained at high levels, greater than 80%. All of these features make the C6C22C6/DOPE nanosysteman optimal nonviral gene nanocarrier in vitro and a potentially interesting candidate for future in vivo experimentsFinancial support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (projects CTQ2012-30821, CTQ2015-65972-R, CTQ2015-64425-C2-2-R, and CTQ2014-55208-P), Madrid Regional Government (S2013/MIT-2807), Xunta de Galicia (GR 2007/085; IN607C 2016/03 and Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (project UCMA05-33-010), is gratefully acknowledgedS

Multidisciplinary Approach to the Transfection of Plasmid DNA by a Nonviral Nanocarrier Based on a Gemini-Bolaamphiphilic Hybrid Lipid

A multidisciplinary strategy, including both biochemical and biophysical studies, was proposed here to evaluate the potential of lipid nanoaggregates consisting of a mixture of a gemini-bolaamphiphilic lipid (C6C22C6) and the well-known helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) to transfect plasmid DNA into living cells in an efficient and safe way. For that purpose, several experimental techniques were employed, such as zeta potential (phase analysis light scattering methodology), agarose gel electrophoresis (pDNA compaction and pDNA protection assays), small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, luminometry, and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the cationic lipid and plasmid offer only 70 and 30% of their nominal positive () and negative charges (), respectively. Upon mixing with DOPE, they form lipoplexes that self-aggregate in typical multilamellar Lα lyotropic liquid-crystal nanostructures with sizes in the range of 100-200 nm and low polydispersities, very suitably fitted to remain in the bloodstream and cross the cell membrane. Interestingly, these nanoaggregates were able to compact, protect (from the degrading effect of DNase I), and transfect two DNA plasmids (pEGFP-C3, encoding the green fluorescent protein, and pCMV-Luc, encoding luciferase) into COS-7 cells, with an efficiency equal or even superior to that of the universal control Lipo2000*, as long as the effective +/- charge ratio was maintained higher than 1 but reasonably close to electroneutrality. Moreover, this transfection process was not cytotoxic because the viability of COS-7 cells remained at high levels, greater than 80%. All of these features make the C6C22C6/DOPE nanosystem an optimal nonviral gene nanocarrier in vitro and a potentially interesting candidate for future in vivo experiments

Trojan Microparticles Potential for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

The administration of drugs to treat ocular disorders still remains a technological challenge in this XXI century. Although there is an important arsenal of active molecules useful to treat ocular diseases, ranging from classical compounds to biotechnological products, currenty, no ideal delivery system is able to profit all their therapeutic potential. Among the intraocular drug delivery systems (IODDS) proposed to overcome some of the most important limitations, microsystems and nanosystems have raised high attention. While microsystems are able to offer long-term release after intravitreal injection, nanosystems can protect the active compound from external environment (reducing their clearance) and direct it to its target tissues. In recent years, some researchers have explored the possibility of combining micro and nanosystems in “nanoparticle-in-microparticle (NiMs)” systems or “trojan systems”. This excellent idea is not exempt of technological problems, remains partially unsolved, especially in the case of IODDS. The objective of the present review is to show the state of art concerning the design, preparation and characterization of trojan microparticles for drug delivery and to remark their potential and limitations as IODDS, one of the most important challenges faced by pharmaceutical technology at the moment

Control integrado de la mosca Stomoxys calcitrans en el cultivo de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

The mass production of fresh rachis palm crops (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) generated the biological development opportunity fly stables (Stomoxys calcitrans), increased the population of this blood-sucking insect, affecting livestock in the region, Villanueva (Casanare). To determine the population dynamics of this fly on rachis mounds arranged in field testing was performed for which selected lots were called: F 15, F 16, F 17, F 18, E 20, E 21, E 22 and E 23, considering the proximity to the rachis collection site to promote the presence of stable fly. The distribution of the batch treatments was randomized complete block. According to the results if there was an effect of covering the spine with tents made of tarps on the fly populations. Treatments 20, 25 and 30 days without Spalangia sp. tent were those with a higher biological development of the stable fly Spalangia sp. parasitism of pupae stable fly, fell 16.35% of the population, demonstrating the importance of releases of this parasitoid, ratifying the need to maintain established populations in the field, for eventual management of rachis with canvas tents, as a component within the coating technique. It was also noted that there is a factor of 41% natural mortality of stable fly pupal stage in field.La producción masiva de raquis fresco en los cultivos de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) han generado la oportunidad de desarrollo biológico de la mosca brava o de los establos Stomoxys calcitrans, incrementado la población de este insecto hematófago, afectando las ganaderías de la región, de Villanueva (Casanare). Para determinar la fluctuación poblacional de esta mosca sobre los montones de raquis dispuestos en campo se realizó un ensayo para lo cual se seleccionaron los lotes denominados F 15, F 16, F 17, F 18, E 20, E 21, E 22 y E 23, teniendo en cuenta la cercanía al sitio de acopio de raquis para favorecer la presencia de mosca de los establos. La distribución de los tratamientos en los lotes se hizo en bloques completos al azar. De acuerdo a los resultados si se observó un efecto del cubrimiento del raquis con carpas hechas de lonas, sobre la población de mosca. Los tratamientos 20, 25 y 30 días con carpa con y sin Spalangia sp. fueron los que presentaron un mayor desarrollo biológico de la mosca de los establos. El parasitismo de Spalangia sp sobre pupas de mosca de los establos, disminuyó en 16.35% la población, lo cual demuestra la importancia de las liberaciones de este parasitoide, ratificando la necesidad de mantener poblaciones establecidas en campo, para un eventual manejo de raquis con carpas de lona, como un componente dentro de la técnica del cubrimiento. También se observó que existe un factor de mortalidad natural de 41% de mosca de los establos en estado de pupa en campo

Protein Expression Knockdown in Cancer Cells Induced by a Gemini Cationic Lipid Nanovector with Histidine-Based Polar Heads

A histidine-based gemini cationic lipid, which had already demonstrated its efficiency as a plasmid DNA (pDNA) nanocarrier, has been used in this work to transfect a small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cancer cells. In combination with the helper lipid monoolein glycerol (MOG), the cationic lipid was used as an antiGFP-siRNA nanovector in a multidisciplinary study. Initially, a biophysical characterization by zeta potential (ζ) and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments was performed to determine the lipid effective charge and confirm siRNA compaction. The lipoplexes formed were arranged in Lα lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phases with a cluster-type morphology, as cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies revealed. Additionally, in vitro experiments confirmed the high gene knockdown efficiency of the lipid-based nanovehicle as detected by flow cytometry (FC) and epifluorescence microscopy, even better than that of Lipofectamine2000*, the transfecting reagent commonly used as a positive control. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the nanovector is non-toxic to cells. Finally, using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), apolipoprotein A-I and A-II followed by serum albumin were identified as the proteins with higher affinity for the surface of the lipoplexes. This fact could be beyond the remarkable silencing activity of the histidine-based lipid nanocarrier herein presentedThis work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) (Grant RTI2018-095844-B-I00 and CTQ2017-88948-P), the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain) (project number UCMA05-33-010), and the Regional Government of Madrid (Grant P2018/NMT-4389). P.T. thanks Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) through the Project MAT2016-80266-R and Xunta de Galicia (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva ED431C 2018/26; Agrupación Estratégica en Materiales-AEMAT ED431E 2018/08). ERDF funds are all greatly acknowledged. The proteomic analysis was performed in the Proteomics Unit of Complutense University of Madrid, a member of ProteoRed and is supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDFS

The Use of Mucoadhesive Polymers to Enhance the Hypotensive Effect of a Melatonin Analogue, 5-MCA-NAT, in Rabbit Eyes

Purpose.: 5-Methoxy-carbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (5-MCA-NAT, a melatonin receptor agonist) produces a clear intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in New Zealand White rabbits and glaucomatous monkeys. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the hypotensive effect of 5-MCA-NAT was enhanced by the presence of cellulose derivatives, some of them with bioadhesive properties, as well as to determine whether these formulations were well tolerated by the ocular surface. Methods.: Formulations were prepared with propylene glycol (0.275%), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 0.5% and 1.0%) of low and medium viscosity and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (0.3%). Quantification of 5-MCA-NAT (100 μM) was assessed by HPLC. In vitro tolerance was evaluated by the MTT method in human corneal-limbal epithelial cells and normal human conjunctival cells. In vivo tolerance was analyzed by biomicroscopy and specular microscopy in rabbit eyes. The ocular hypotensive effect was evaluated measuring IOP for 8 hours in rabbit eyes. Results.: All the formulations demonstrated good in vitro and in vivo tolerance. 5-MCA-NAT in CMC medium viscosity 0.5% was the most effective at reducing IOP (maximum IOP reduction, 30.27%), and its effect lasted approximately 7 hours. Conclusions.: The hypotensive effect of 5-MCA-NAT was increased by using bioadhesive polymers in formulations that are suitable for the ocular surface and also protective of the eye in long-term therapies. The use of 5-MCA-NAT combined with bioadhesive polymers is a good strategy in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma