La performance durable par l’innovation responsable en post- COVID: Étude des entreprises Marocaines

L’innovation est assimilée à une capacité de faire face à l’incertitude dans des environnements complexes influencés par des facteurs externes. Dans le contexte pandémique « COVID 19 » actuel, les dirigeants des entreprises marocaines sont aujourd’hui conscients de la nécessité de la prise en compte dans leurs politiques stratégiques de nouveaux concepts qui permettent de répondre aux attentes des différentes parties prenantes afin d’assurer un développement durable de leurs structures. La RSE comme ensemble de croyances fondamentales guidant ces réflexions stratégiques, est alors, perçue comme un catalyseur d'innovation dans les entreprises, dans ce contexte mouvementé. En effet, la RSE oriente les entreprises vers des démarches innovantes, initiant une spirale vertueuse de développement collectif, en intégrant les préoccupations et les considérations économiques, sociales, environnementales et éthiques dans leurs managements. Partant de cette hypothèse, le présent travail, par une étude qualitative, vient pour clarifier la relation entre d’une part les pratiques sociales, sociétales, et d’autre part l’innovation pour une performance durable des entreprises Marocaines à l’ère de post COVID 19

Pratiques de Développement Durable en Afrique: Innovation Entrepreneuriale; Défis et Opportunités

Dans un monde caractérisé par une forte internationalisation des activités économiques, et une déstabilisation des systèmes économiques ayant engendré des problèmes socio- économiques, écologiques et environnementaux, les gouvernements et afin de relancer la croissance économique ont commencé à adopter des démarches de développement durable. Le DD demande des solutions radicalement nouvelles basées sur l'innovation, l'initiative et l'esprit d'entreprendre de tous pour combiner succès économique et bien commun. C'est dans cet esprit que le DD semble avoir trouvé un terrain fertile pour son expression à savoir l'entrepreneuriat. Une vision éparse de l’entrepreneuriat et du développement durable en Afrique, réinterroge la nécessaire réinvention des modèles entrepreneuriaux alternatifs et susceptibles de booster le développement économique, social et sociétal des pays africains. Le questionnement sur les innovations entrepreneuriales, comme attracteurs de la croissance économique africaine, promeut des activités de développement des capacités des populations locales et valorise le patrimoine local à travers des modèles inclusifs qui permettent de générer des revenus durables. Le présent article vise à discuter le paradigme des pratiques de développement durable et de l’innovation entrepreneuriale en Afrique, afin d’avoir un corpus théorique permettant la compréhension des concepts, leurs interactions, les défis et les opportunités ainsi que leurs visions

Approximate multi-parametric programming based B&B algorithm for MINLPs

In this work an improved B&B algorithm for MINLPs is proposed. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to treat binary variables as parameters and obtain the solution of the resulting multi-parametric NLP (mp-NLP) as a function of the binary variables, relaxed as continuous variables, at the root node of the search tree. It is recognized that solving the mp-NLP at the root node can be more computationally expensive than exhaustively enumerating all the terminal nodes of the tree. Therefore, only a local approximate parametric solution, and not a complete map of the parametric solution, is obtained and it is then used to guide the search in the tree

Ethyl 2-(2-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)acetate

The nine-membered fused-ring of the title compound, C10H13N5O2, is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.012 (1) Å]; the bond angle at the methylene C atom is 111.33 (10)°. In the crystal, the amino group forms hydrogen bonds to the N atoms of the triazole rings of adjacent mol­ecules, generating a ribbon running along the a axis

Branch and bound based coordinate search filter algorithm for nonsmooth nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems

Publicado em "Computational science and its applications – ICCSA 2014...", ISBN 978-3-319-09128-0. Series "Lecture notes in computer science", ISSN 0302-9743, vol. 8580.A mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is a problem with continuous and integer variables and at least, one nonlinear function. This kind of problem appears in a wide range of real applications and is very difficult to solve. The difficulties are due to the nonlinearities of the functions in the problem and the integrality restrictions on some variables. When they are nonconvex then they are the most difficult to solve above all. We present a methodology to solve nonsmooth nonconvex MINLP problems based on a branch and bound paradigm and a stochastic strategy. To solve the relaxed subproblems at each node of the branch and bound tree search, an algorithm based on a multistart strategy with a coordinate search filter methodology is implemented. The produced numerical results show the robustness of the proposed methodology.This work has been supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e aTecnologia) in the scope of the projects: PEst-OE/MAT/UI0013/2014 and PEst-OE/EEI/UI0319/2014

A review of energy systems models in the UK: Prevalent usage and categorisation

In this paper, a systematic review of academic literature and policy papers since 2008 is undertaken with an aim of identifying the prevalent energy systems models and tools in the UK. A list of all referenced models is presented and the literature is analysed with regards sectoral coverage and technological inclusion, as well as mathematical structure of models. The paper compares available models using an appropriate classification schema, the introduction of which is aimed at making the model landscape more accessible and perspicuous, thereby enhancing the diversity of models within use. The distinct classification presented in this paper comprises three sections, which specify the model purpose and structure, technological detail and mathematical approach. The schema is not designed to be comprehensive, but rather to be a broad classification with pertinent level of information required to differentiate between models. As an example, the UK model landscape is considered and 22 models are classified in three tables, as per the proposed schema

Neural Network and Multi - Parametric Programming Based Approximation Techniques for Process Optimisation

In this thesis two approximation techniques are proposed: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multi – Parametric Programming. The usefulness of these techniques is demonstrated through process optimisation case studies. The oil refining industry mainly uses Linear Programming (LP) for refinery optimization and planning purposes, on a daily basis. LPs are attractive from the computational time point of view; however it has limitations such as the nonlinearity of the refinery processes is not taken into account. The main aim of this work is to develop approximate models to replace the rigorous ones providing a good accuracy without compromising the computational time, for refinery optimization. The data for deriving approximate models is generated from rigorous process models from a commercial software, which is extensively used in the refining industry. In this work we present three model reduction techniques. The first approach is based upon deriving an optimal configuration of artificial neural networks (ANN) for approximating the refinery models. The basic idea is to formulate the existence or not of the nodes and interconnections in the network using binary variables. This results in a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming formulation for Artificial Neural Networks (MIPANN). The second approach is concerned with dealing with complexity associated with large amounts of data that is usually available in the refineries; a disagg regation¬aggregation based approach is presented to address the complexity. The data is split (disagg reg ation) into smaller subsets and reduced ANN models are obtained for each of the subset. These ANN models are then combined (aggregation) to obtain an ANN model which represents the whole of the original data. The disagg reg ation step can be carried out within a parallel computing platform. The third approach consists of combining the MIPA NN and the disagg reg ation¬aggregation reduction methods to handle medium and large scale training data using a neural network that has already been reduced through nodes and interconnections optimization. Refinery optimization studies are carried out to demonstrate the applicability and the usefulness of these proposed model reduction approaches. Process synthesis and MIPANN problems are usually formulated as Mixed Integer Nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems requiring efficient algorithm for their solution. An approximate multi-parametric programming Branch and Bound (mpBB) algorithm is proposed. An approximate parametric solution at the root node and other fractional nodes of the Branch and Bound (BB) tree are obtained and used to estimate the solution at the terminal nodes in different sections of the tree. These estimates are then used to guide the search in the BB tree, resulting in fewer nodes being evaluated and reduction in the computational effort. Problems from the literature are solved using the proposed algorithm and compared with the other currently available algorithms for solving MINLP problems

Le programme « Sens et projet de vie » chez les 50 ans et plus : démarche d’orientation

This article is based on the results of a meaning and life-plan program, which uses an autobiographical methodology. The analysis is based on the midlife narratives of adults (n =78). The study highlights the following themes: the actual process experienced by the participants, group support, and the emergence of a meaningful plan for the future.Cet article porte sur les effets du programme « Sens et projet de vie », dont la méthodo­logie est autobiographique. L’analyse est réalisée à partir des témoignages d’adultes (n =78) au mitan de leur vie. Cette recherche met en évidence les thématiques suivantes : le processus tel que vécu par les participants, l’accompagnement en groupe, et l’émergence d’un projet de vie significatif