Evaluacion economica de la implementacion de un programa de aseguramiento de la calidad en vinos

Resumen (Spanish, English)85 p.En el sector vitivinícola nacional existen muy pocas empresas que han iniciado un proceso de implementación de un Programa de Aseguramiento de Calidad (PAC), pese al gran dinamismo que este sector a tenido en la última década y al excelente posicionamiento que ha logrado en los mercados internacionales. La presente memoria evalúa económicamente la implementación de un PAC por el Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino (CTVV) en las empresas vitivinícolas dedicadas a la exportación de la zona centro-sur de Chile (VI y VII regiones), en conformidad a las normas ISO 9000. Los resultados de la encuesta dirigida a las empresas en estudio refleja el gran interés de éstas por implementar un PAC. En efecto, el 80% de las empresas encuestadas (17 de un total de 20) desean implementar dicho programa. Dentro de las motivaciones más importantes que apoyarían esta decisión están: aumentar la competitividad en el mercado internacional (20%) y el posicionamiento en los mercados actuales (19%). Mientras que las principales dificultades son: la falta de personal capacitado (38%) y costo elevado (26%). La evaluación económica incluyó un estudio de las inversiones, costos y beneficios requeridos y obtenidos por el proyecto. Ello permitió establecer el flujo de caja proyectado para el horizonte de planeación establecido (10 años). Conjuntamente con ello, se determinó la rentabilidad para el proyecto utilizando los indicadores: VAN ( $ 5.046.460); TIR ( 17%) y PRC (4 años). Para la obtención de estos resultados se consideró una tasa de descuento de 15 %. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad a cuatro variables: Obras Civiles, Precio de Venta del Servicio, Número de Empresas y los Costos y Gastos Totales Anuales. De ellas, las más sensibles a variaciones fueron el Número de Empresas y el Precio de Venta del Servicio

SISTEMA DE MEDIÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO CHILE E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA REALIDADE ESCOLAR

El actual SIMCE-EF (Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación Física), evalúa componentes de la condición física, que poco tienen que ver con los objetivos de la disciplina. El objetivo es determinar la influencia percibida por los docentes a sus prácticas educativas y en el entorno escolar, atribuida a la aplicación de la prueba SIMCE-EF. Se encuestan y entrevistan a 17 profesores de EF, pertenecientes al 100%  de los establecimientos de la Comuna de  Viña del Mar, Chile, que se les aplicó el SIMCE-EF en los años, 2010, 2011 y 2012. Según los docentes, la prueba no tiene impacto en el ámbito escolar, lo que podría mantener los resultados en las aplicaciones futuras, mientras se evalúe solo la  condición física y en un formato piloto. The current SIMCE-EF (Measurement System Quality Physical Education), which measures certain fitness components, has little to do with the learning goals of the discipline. The objective of this study is to determine how the SIMCE-EF exam's influence is perceived by teachers in relation to their own teaching performance and the school environment. Seventeen P.E teachers participated in surveys and were interviewed, which is a hundred percent of the public system personnel in the area working in Viña del Mar, where the exams were given in 2010, 2011, and 2012. According to the teachers, this exam has no impact on the school environment and such results can remain in the future as long  as SIME-EF only measures overall physical fitness in a pilot format. O atual SIMCE-EF (Sistema de Medição da Qualidade da Educação Física) avalia os componentes da condição física que pouco tem a ver com os objetivos da disciplina de educação física. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a influência percebida pelos professores para as suas práticas educativas e do ambiente escolar, atribuídos à implementação do teste SIMCE-EF. Foram  entrevistados 17 professores de Educação Física, pertencentes a 100% do município de Viña del Mar (Chile) que se lhes aplicou o SIMCE-EF, nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012. Segundo os docentes, os resultados encontrados indicam que SIMCE-EF, não apresentam impacto no âmbito escolar. Este resultado poderia assegurar resultados em aplicações futuras, sempre que se avalie somente a condicao fisica em formato de estudo piloto.

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Absorción / Holocausto

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Transferencia de tecnologías apropiadas en materia de agua en comunidades rurales de la Huasteca Potosina : segunda etapa

472 p.: ilustraciones

Organización Temprana del Sí-mismo desde una mirada de Complejidad Neuroafectiva

Cognitive postrationalist model has been ahead of his time in a series of epistemological and psychological approaches. Evolutionary constructivist notion has, until today, paradigmatic repercussions for the praxis of sciences of mental life, that even postracionalism itself, couldn´t assume in a complete and revolutionary manner. Embodied circular dynamic between observer and observed forces to changes (and annulments) in the explanation, classification, and intervention in what has been called “psychopathology”. Under a strong postrationalist influence, but integrating currents approach in complex systems models, theory of attachment, neuro-affectivity and models of human development, this paper present the main principles of an approach that seek to complete and fully assume evolutionary complexity proposals of Vittorio Guidano. This proposal seeks to expand the theory of the legacy of early attachments in the functioning of the self, as well his repercussions on psychopathology and psychotherapeutic interventions.  El modelo cognitivo postracionalista se adelantó a sus tiempos en toda una serie de planteamientos epistemológicos y psicológicos. Su noción constructivista evolutiva tiene, hasta el día de hoy, implicaciones paradigmáticas para el quehacer de las ciencias de la vida mental, que ni el propio enfoque pudo asumir completa y revolucionariamente.  La dinámica circular corporalizada entre observador-observado obliga a cambios (y anulaciones) en la manera de explicar, clasificar e intervenir en lo que se suele llamar “psicopatología”. Bajo una fuerte influencia postracionalista, pero integrando concepciones actuales en la noción de sistemas complejos, la teoría del apego, la neuroafectividad, y los enfoques actuales sobre el desarrollo, el presente artículo articula los principios de una aproximación que busca completar y asumir enteramente la postura evolucionista de la complejidad planteada por Vittorio Guidano.  Esta aproximación busca reformular tanto las nociones sobre el legado del apego temprano en el funcionamiento del sí-mimo, así como sus repercusiones para la psicopatología y la intervención psicoterapeutica.

La complejidad del trauma complejo del desarrollo: una propuesta del modelo de apego & complejidad (MAC)

Actual proposals about infant trauma seek to explain the process which can understand the organization of the experience and the style of functioning of the many children who suffers multiple, chronic, and interpersonal pain, especially during the most important period of human development (0 to 5). This proposal has been headed under the name of “Complex Developmental Trauma”, and has made majors advances in the understanding, explanation, and treatment of this atrocious phenomena, through multi-level and multi-discipline approaches. However, we think that Complex Trauma can made more and better advances in the areas of explaining (and intervening) it if paradoxically can take the input of the whole area of Complex System approach, chaos theory, combined with the recent developments in the psychobiology of attachment, evolutionary perspectives on human nature and human mind (such as the comprehension of hunter-gatherer evidences), and the embodiment of human action and cognition. The present paper made some initials proposals considering the areas already mentioned under a model called “Attachment and Complexity Model”, which we humble considered a paradigmatic in understanding development, “psychopathology”, and intervention modalities.Las conceptualizaciones actuales sobre el trauma infantil buscan explicar el proceso que organiza la experiencia y estilo de funcionamiento de los niños que sufren vulneraciones múltiples, crónicas e interpersonales, especialmente durante los primeros años de vida. Esta conceptualización actual se la conoce como Trauma Complejo del Desarrollo (TCD), y constituye un avance en la comprensión del trauma, desde una perspectiva multinivel e interdisciplinaria. Sin embargo, consideramos que este fenómeno puede ser mejor comprendidos adoptando una visión de los sistemas complejos, la teoría del caos, combinado con los aportes de la teoría del apego, y un sinnúmero de enfoques actuales del desarrollo, de la psicobiología, y las nociones sobre la evolución de la mente, y la mente y acción corporalizada. El presente artículo presenta esta visión paradigmática bajo un modelo que se titula Modelo de Apego & Complejidad (MAC), al entregar una explicación alternativa al trauma complejo