Mindfulness Intervention to Support School Engagement With At-Risk Students at an Urban Charter High School

Every year, more than 500,000 students drop out of school, often after years of growing disinterest and disengagement. As a result, models of school engagement are commonly used as a framework to guide interventions. Unfortunately, some students may experience high levels of dysregulation and poor executive functioning which interfere with their ability to engage in school. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a school-based mindfulness intervention would support school engagement behaviors with adolescents at an urban charter school. It was hypothesized that mindfulness would support students’ executive functioning in the areas of attention, cognitive flexibility, and emotion regulation. Changes in students’ executive functioning were assessed through pre- and post-measures and progress monitoring. The nine participants’ outcomes were assessed using multiple, single-case analysis and cross-case comparison. Results suggested that implementing a mindfulness intervention in a high school setting is feasible and may be effective in supporting factors related to school engagement. The most promising effects were observed in increased cognitive flexibility skills and improved academic performance. Participants did not show any differences in attendance or emotion regulation. The other assessed outcomes, including on-task behavior, emotional engagement, rule-following behavior, lowest grade performance, and attentional skills did not result in significant cross-case analysis, but several participants did demonstrate improvements in each of these behaviors. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of literature linking mindfulness-based interventions with increased executive functioning skills. It also provides evidence of mindfulness-based interventions’ utility in supporting the overall well-being of adolescents

Integrating Developmental Scholarship and Society: From Dissemination and Accountability to Evidence-Based Programming and Policies

Increasingly, practitioners and policy makers are demanding research evidence as a basis for funding programs and policies. The application of research to society has undergone several transitions, from a scholarly emphasis on the experimental method to an attempt to disseminate research and contribute to social policy. Policy makers have emphasized accountability and now evidence-based practices. Although developmental scholars should be pleased that policy makers want evidence, scholars need to examine the assumptions of evidence-based programming and continue to refine how evidence should be used to decide which services to fund. In addition, we propose a more collaborative strategy to promote evidence-based policies in general

Evaluation of a novel autoinjector for subcutaneous self-administration of belimumab in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: To study self-administration and pharmacokinetics (PK) of subcutaneous (SC) belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Patients previously treated with belimumab self-administered belimumab 200 mg SC weekly for 8 weeks using an autoinjector. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients able to self-administer their first and second dose (weeks 1 and 2) in the clinic. The proportion able to self-administer at weeks 4 and 8 (clinic) and weeks 3, 5, 6, and 7 (home) were secondary endpoints. Belimumab PK, safety, and injection-site pain were assessed. Results: 91/95 patients completed the study (withdrawals: adverse events (AEs): 3; lost to follow-up: 1). 93% were female, and mean (SD) age was 44.8 (12.50) years. The majority (99%, 89/90; no attempt, n = 5) successfully self-administered belimumab SC at weeks 1 and 2 (5 had clinic staff assistance), and 98% (85/87) successfully self-administered at weeks 4 and 8. Home-administration success rates were high (93%, (81/87) at weeks 3, 5, 6, and 7). Week 8 median trough concentration was 113 µg/mL. For patients with a ≤ 1.5-week interval between IV SC administration, week-1 concentrations were higher vs. week 8 (+ 51% median) but within a range observed with IV dosing; those with a ≥ 2.5-week interval had median differences close to 0. AEs and serious AEs were low, with no deaths; pain levels were low and decreased with subsequent injections. Conclusion: Patients with SLE successfully self-administered belimumab SC using a novel autoinjector; the PK profile was stable following a switch from IV with acceptable AE and pain levels. The recommended dosing interval between IV to SC dosing is 1 – 4 weeks

Psychedelic Fauna for Psychonaut Hunters: A Mini-Review

Submitted 19 October 2017; Revised 9 February 2018; Accepted 4 April 2018; Published online 22 May 2018Currently different classes of psychoactive substances are easily available for abuse, including several hundred novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Some of these drugs occur naturally in plants and animals or are chemically modified from plant or animal compounds and have been abused by humans over millennia. Recently, the occurrence of a new "drug culture" (e.g., psychonauts) who consume a great variety of NPS with hallucinogenic/psychedelic properties, facilitated the development of a new "psychedelic trend" toward the consumption of substances contained in some species of animals ("psychedelic fauna"). The present review aims at providing an overview of the most commonly abused "psychedelic animals," by combining a dual search strategy coming from online psychonauts' experiences and English literature searches on the PubMed/Medline Google Scholar databases. A multilingual qualitative assessment on a range of websites and online resources was performed in order to identify a list of animals who possess some psychoactive properties and could be abused by humans for recreational purposes. Several species are implicated (i.e., ants, amphibians, fish). Routes of administration depend on the animal, substance included, metabolism, toxicity and individual, social and cultural variability. Online purchase and access are easy through tourism-related search strategies ("frog trip," "help of charmer snake," "religious trip").Peer reviewe

Migrant children within Europe: a systematic review of children’s perspectives on their health experiences

Objectives: To review the extant literature in order to explore what is known about children’s own perspectives on the ir health experiences , focusing upon children and young people who have migrated into, and within, Europe. Study Design: A systematic review with narrative synthesis. Methods: A review of English language articles was performed in June 2016 using the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Coc hrane and Web of Science. Included papers had to report data generated directly with children, up to 18 years of age, who had migrated across national borders into, or within, Europe during their own lifetimes. Extraction from articles was undertaken by a ll authors and quality assessment of included reviews was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool ( MMAT ) . Results: The articles in the final dataset included research based on 4 broad areas: alcohol, smoking and substance use; diet, eating disorde rs and overweight; emotional, psychological and mental health issues and; children’s views and experiences of health and health services. The majority of studies were cross - sectional analytic or incidence or prevalence studies. Conclusion: There is a gene ral lack of clarity in the literature regarding the reporting of children’s own migration status. Children’s voices are often subsumed within those of their adult parents or carers. There is a need to promote more child - focussed research which gives voice to migrant children to better understand the complex and multidimensional factors that contribute to their (ill) health