Electromagnetic vacuum stresses and energy fluxes induced by a cosmic string in de Sitter spacetime

For the electromagnetic field in (D+1)-dimensional locally de Sitter (dS) spacetime, we analyze the effects of a generalized cosmic string type defect on the vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor. For the Bunch-Davies vacuum state, the topological contributions are explicitly extracted in both the diagonal and off-diagonal components. The latter describes the presence of radially directed energy flux in the vacuum state. It vanishes for $D=3$ because of the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic field and is directed towards the cosmic string for $D\geq 4$ . The topological contributions in the vacuum stresses are anisotropic and, unlike to the geometry of a cosmic string in the Minkowski spacetime, for $D>3$ the stresses along the directions parallel to the string core differ from the energy density. Depending on the planar angle deficit and the distance from the cosmic string, the corresponding expectation values can be either positive or negative. Near the cosmic string the effect of the gravitational field on the diagonal components of the topological part is weak. The spacetime curvature essentially modifies the behavior of the topological terms at proper distances from the cosmic string larger than the dS curvature radius. In that region, the topological contributions in the diagonal components of the energy-momentum tensor decay in inverse proportion to the fourth power of the proper distance and the energy flux density behaves as inverse-fifth power for all values of the spatial dimension $D$. The exception is the energy density in the special case $D=4$.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, Discussion adde

Why a pregnant age can be the risk factor in chronic obstructive pyelonephritis?

The aim of the study was to identify possible mechanisms that could reproduce the recurrence of CVD in older men against the background of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, thereby justifying why age and sex may be risk factors for acute pyelonephritis in urolithiasis. Material and methods. The results of a study of 88 men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including 45 patients over 65 years of age (mean age 74.0 ± 1.3 years) and 43 patients in the age range of 55-65 years (mean age of patients 61.0 ± 0, 8 year). In the phase of remission of CVD, 48 patients were examined and in the phase of relapse-40 patients. The study included patients who took non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics in a standard dose of at least 5-10 days before hospitalization. From the peripheral blood by centrifugation, plasma-enriched plasma was isolated. Platelet content in 1 μl was 200,000 ± 20,000. To stimulate platelets, adrenaline and ADP (Sigma, USA) were used at an effective concentration (EC50) of 5 μM, which caused platelet aggregation (ATC) in healthy individuals (10 donors) at the level of 50 ± 5%. The aggregation of Tc was evaluated on a Chrono log analyzer (USA). The formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (TPA) was modeled in vitro by incubation of stimulated platelets (epinephrine at a concentration of EC50) and intact leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with CVD. The number of intact TL was assessed after the color of blood smears according to the Romanovsky-Giemsa method. Results. In the phase of remission of CVD on the background of the appointment of NSAIDs and antibiotics, in patients of the two age groups studied, it was not possible to detect differences in the response of leukocytes. Recurrence of CVD in patients age range 55-65 years was characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilocytosis, increased ESR (

Feasibility studies of the time-like proton electromagnetic form factor measurements with PANDA at FAIR

The possibility of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region at FAIR with the \PANDA detector is discussed. Detailed simulations on signal efficiency for the annihilation of $\bar p +p$ into a lepton pair as well as for the most important background channels have been performed. It is shown that precision measurements of the differential cross section of the reaction $\bar p +p \to e^++ e^-$ can be obtained in a wide angular and kinematical range. The individual determination of the moduli of the electric and magnetic proton form factors will be possible up to a value of momentum transfer squared of $q^2\simeq 14$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The total $\bar p +p\to e^++e^-$ cross section will be measured up to $q^2\simeq 28$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The results obtained from simulated events are compared to the existing data. Sensitivity to the two photons exchange mechanism is also investigated.Comment: 12 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures Revised, added details on simulations, 4 tables, 9 figure

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process.Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy

Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR

Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at \PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel $\bar p p \to e^+ e^-$ is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, $\textit{i.e.}$ $\bar p p \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance

Physics Performance Report for PANDA: Strong Interaction Studies with Antiprotons

To study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei, the universal PANDA detector will be built. Gluonic excitations, the physics of strange and charm quarks and nucleon structure studies will be performed with unprecedented accuracy thereby allowing high-precision tests of the strong interaction. The proposed PANDA detector is a state-of-the art internal target detector at the HESR at FAIR allowing the detection and identification of neutral and charged particles generated within the relevant angular and energy range. This report presents a summary of the physics accessible at PANDA and what performance can be expected.Comment: 216 page

Technical Design Report for the: PANDA Micro Vertex Detector

This document illustrates the technical layout and the expected performance of the Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) of the PANDA experiment. The MVD will detect charged particles as close as possible to the interaction zone. Design criteria and the optimisation process as well as the technical solutions chosen are discussed and the results of this process are subjected to extensive Monte Carlo physics studies. The route towards realisation of the detector is outlined.Comment: 189 pages, 225 figures, 41 table