17 research outputs found

    CD4 + T cell–mediated HLA class II cross-restriction in HIV controllers

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    International audienceRare individuals, termed HIV controllers, spontaneously control HIV infection by mounting efficient T cell responses against the virus. Protective CD4+ T cell responses from HIV controllers involve high-affinity public T cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing an immunodominant capsid epitope (Gag293) presented by a remarkably broad array of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. Here, we determine the structures of a prototypical public TCR bound to HLA-DR1, HLA-DR11, and HLA-DR15 molecules presenting the Gag293 epitope. TCR recognition was driven by contacts with the Gag293 epitope, a feature that underpinned the extensive HLA cross-restriction. These high-affinity TCRs promoted mature immunological synapse formation and cytotoxic capacity in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The public TCRs suppressed HIV replication in multiple genetic backgrounds ex vivo, emphasizing the functional advantage conferred by broad HLA class II cross-restriction

    Helical tomotherapy of spinal chordomas: French Multicentric, retrospective study of a cohort of 30 cases

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    International audiencePurpose: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of helical tomotherapy (HT) in the management of spine chordomas when proton therapy is unavailable or non-feasible. Methods and materials: Between 2007 and 2013, 30 patients with biopsy-proven chordomas were treated by HT in five French institutions. Information regarding local control (LC), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) was collected. Clinical efficacy, toxicity and treatment quality were evaluated. Results: Two-year actuarial LC, OS, PFS and MFS were 69.9%, 96.7%, 61.2% and 76.4%, respectively. HT treatments were well tolerated and no Grade 4–5 toxicities were observed. HT permitted the delivery of a mean dose of 68 Gy while respecting organ at risk (OAR) dose constraints, in particular in the spinal cord and cauda equina. Conclusions: This multicentric, retrospective study demonstrated the feasibility of HT in the treatment of spine chordomas, in the absence of hadron therapy

    Le semis trÚs précoce : une stratégie agronomique pour améliorer les performances du soja en France ?

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    Le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce du soja a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© dans l’objectif d’amĂ©liorer le potentiel de rendement et/ou de rĂ©duire les besoins en eau. Trois variĂ©tĂ©s, appartenant Ă  diffĂ©rents groupes de maturitĂ©, ont Ă©tĂ© retenues afin d’identifier les traits variĂ©taux d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce. Un ensemble d’essais multilocaux, comportant deux modalitĂ©s de semis avec irrigation, a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© au cours de 5 annĂ©es culturales (2010−2014). Le rendement et les besoins en eau ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s; un suivi dynamique du dĂ©veloppement et de la croissance a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour la variĂ©tĂ© Santana. Les effets combinĂ©s des basses tempĂ©ratures et de la photopĂ©riode en rĂ©ponse au semis prĂ©coce se traduisent par une production de biomasse aĂ©rienne rĂ©duite en phase vĂ©gĂ©tative et une augmentation de la durĂ©e de remplissage des graines. Les valeurs maximales de rendement sont observĂ©es pour le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce, mais en moyenne le rendement est sensiblement plus faible en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce (3,7 t/ha vs. 3,9 t/ha). L’irrigation pour conduire les cultures dans des conditions proches de l’ETM a Ă©tĂ© sensiblement plus faible en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce (170 mm vs. 182 mm). Une variĂ©tĂ© tardive (groupe de maturitĂ© II) apparaĂźt mieux adaptĂ©e au semis trĂšs prĂ©coce qu’une variĂ©tĂ© de groupe de maturitĂ© I. Cette Ă©tude constitue une premiĂšre rĂ©fĂ©rence agronomique d’évaluation du semis trĂšs prĂ©coce du soja et suggĂšre que des types variĂ©taux trĂšs tardifs pourraient amĂ©liorer le potentiel de rendement du soja en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce pour des conduites irriguĂ©es dans le Sud-Ouest de la France

    Le semis trÚs précoce : une stratégie agronomique pour améliorer les performances du soja en France ?

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    Le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce du soja a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© dans l’objectif d’amĂ©liorer le potentiel de rendement et/ou de rĂ©duire les besoins en eau. Trois variĂ©tĂ©s, appartenant Ă  diffĂ©rents groupes de maturitĂ©, ont Ă©tĂ© retenues afin d’identifier les traits variĂ©taux d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce. Un ensemble d’essais multilocaux, comportant deux modalitĂ©s de semis avec irrigation, a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© au cours de 5 annĂ©es culturales (2010-2014). Le rendement et les besoins en eau ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s; un suivi dynamique du dĂ©veloppement et de la croissance a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour la variĂ©tĂ© Santana. Les effets combinĂ©s des basses tempĂ©ratures et de la photopĂ©riode en rĂ©ponse au semis prĂ©coce se traduisent par une production de biomasse aĂ©rienne rĂ©duite en phase vĂ©gĂ©tative et une augmentation de la durĂ©e de remplissage des graines. Les valeurs maximales de rendement sont observĂ©es pour le semis trĂšs prĂ©coce, mais en moyenne le rendement est sensiblement plus faible en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce (3,7 t/ha vs. 3,9 t/ha). L’irrigation pour conduire les cultures dans des conditions proches de l’ETM a Ă©tĂ© sensiblement plus faible en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce (170 mm vs. 182 mm). Une variĂ©tĂ© tardive (groupe de maturitĂ© II) apparaĂźt mieux adaptĂ©e au semis trĂšs prĂ©coce qu’une variĂ©tĂ© de groupe de maturitĂ© I. Cette Ă©tude constitue une premiĂšre rĂ©fĂ©rence agronomique d’évaluation du semis trĂšs prĂ©coce du soja et suggĂšre que des types variĂ©taux trĂšs tardifs pourraient amĂ©liorer le potentiel de rendement du soja en semis trĂšs prĂ©coce pour des conduites irriguĂ©es dans le Sud-Ouest de la France.This study was carried out on very early sowing of soybean in order to improve potential yield and/or reduce water requirements. Three varieties belonging to different maturity groups were selected to identify varietal traits of interest in very early sowing. A set of multi-location irrigated trials consisting in two sowing dates was performed from 2010 to 2014. Yield and water requirements were determined; crop development and growth was monitored on cv. Santana. The combined effects of low temperatures and photoperiod in very early sowing resulted in limited aboveground biomass production during vegetative period and increased grain filling duration. Maximal values for yield were observed in very early sowing modality, although yield was slightly lower in very early sowing compared to conventional one (3.7 t/ha vs. 3.9 t/ha). The amount of water brought by irrigation for meeting ETM conditions was slightly lower in very early sowing (170 mm vs. 182 mm). A late variety (maturity group II) appears better adapted to very early sowing compared to a maturity group I variety. This study stands as the first agronomical reference for evaluating early sowing of soybean and suggests that late-varietal type could improve soybean potential yield for early sowing in irrigated cropping conditions of South-Western France

    Convalescent plasma improves overall survival in patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancy and COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort and propensity score analysis

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    International audiencePatients with hematological malignancy and COVID-19 display a high mortality rate. In such patients, immunosuppression due to underlying disease and previous specific treatments impair humoral response, limiting viral clearance. Thus, COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy appears as a promising approach through the transfer of neutralizing antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2. We report the effect of CCP in a cohort of 112 patients with hematological malignancy and COVID-19 and a propensity score analysis on subgroups of patients with B-cell lymphoid disease treated (n = 81) or not (n = 120) with CCP between May 1, 2020 and April 1, 2021. The overall survival of the whole cohort was 65% (95% CI = 56–74.9) and 77.5% (95% CI = 68.5–87.7) for patients with B-cell neoplasm. Prior anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy was associated with better overall survival, whereas age, high blood pressure, and COVID-19 severity were associated with a poor outcome. After an inverse probability of treatment weighting approach, we observed in anti-CD20–exposed patients with B-cell lymphoid disease a decreased mortality of 63% (95% CI = 31–80) in the CCP-treated group compared to the CCP-untreated subgroup, confirmed in the other sensitivity analyses. Convalescent plasma may be beneficial in COVID-19 patients with B-cell neoplasm who are unable to mount a humoral immune response

    Safety and Dose Study of Targeted Lung Denervation in Moderate/Severe COPD Patients

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    RATIONALE: Targeted lung denervation (TLD) is a novel bronchoscopic treatment for the disruption of parasympathetic innervation of the lungs. OBJECTIVES: To assess safety, feasibility, and dosing of TLD in patients with moderate to severe COPD using a novel device design. METHODS: Thirty patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 30-60%) were 1:1 randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive TLD with either 29 or 32 W. Primary endpoint was the rate of TLD-associated adverse airway effects that required treatment through 3 months. Assessments of lung function, quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise capacity were performed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. An additional 16 patients were enrolled in an open-label confirmation phase study to confirm safety improvements after procedural enhancements following gastrointestinal adverse events during the randomized part of the trial. RESULTS: Procedural success, defined as device success without an in-hospital serious adverse event, was 96.7% (29/30). The rate of TLD-associated adverse airway effects requiring intervention was 3/15 in the 32 W versus 1/15 in the 29 W group, p = 0.6. Five patients early in the randomized phase experienced serious gastric events. The study was stopped and procedural changes made that reduced both gastrointestinal and airway events in the subsequent phase of the randomized trial and follow-up confirmation study. Improvements in lung function and quality of life were observed compared to baseline values for both doses but were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate acceptable safety and feasibility of TLD in patients with COPD, with improvements in adverse event rates after procedural enhancements.status: publishe

    H1–nucleosome interactions and their functional implications

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