Cosmic rays in magnetized intracluster plasma

Recent results are reported on Magnetic Fields in Clusters of Galaxies, Diffuse Radio Emission, and Radio - X-ray connection in Radio Halos.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, Invited talk at the JD15 "Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media", IAU XXVII General Assembly, Rio de Janeir

Comparison of average larval fish vertical distributions among species exhibiting different transport pathways on the southeast United States continental shelf

Water currents are vertically structured in many marine systems and as a result, vertical movements by fish larvae and zooplankton affect horizontal transport (Power, 1984). In estuaries, the vertical movements of larvae with tidal periods can result in their retention or ingress (Fortier and Leggett, 1983; Rijnsdorp et al., 1985; Cronin and Forward, 1986; Forward et al., 1999). On the continental shelf, the vertical movements of organisms interact daily and ontogenetically with depth-varying currents to affect horizontal transport (Pillar et al., 1989; Barange and Pillar, 1992; Cowen et al., 1993, 2000; Batchelder et al., 2002)

The intracluster magnetic field power spectrum in Abell 2382

The goal of this work is to put constraints on the strength and structure of the magnetic field in the cluster of galaxies A2382. We investigate the relationship between magnetic field and Faraday rotation effects in the cluster, using numerical simulations as a reference for the observed polarization properties. For this purpose we present Very Large Array observations at 20 cm and 6 cm of two polarized radio sources embedded in A2382, and we obtained detailed rotation measure images for both of them. We simulated random three-dimensional magnetic field models with different power spectra and thus produced synthetic rotation measure images. By comparing our simulations with the observed polarization properties of the radio sources, we can determine the strength and the power spectrum of intra-cluster magnetic field fluctuations that best reproduce the observations. The data are consistent with a power law magnetic field power spectrum with the Kolmogorov index $n=11/3$, while the outer scale of the magnetic field fluctuations is of the order of 35 kpc. The average magnetic field strength at the cluster center is about 3 $\mu$G and decreases in the external region as the square root of the electron gas density. The average magnetic field strength in the central 1 Mpc$^{3}$ is about 1 $\mu$G.Comment: Comments: 18 pages, 13 figures, accepted by A&A. For a version with high quality figures, see http://erg.ca.astro.it/preprints/guidetti2007

Structure of the magnetoionic medium around the FR Class I radio galaxy 3C 449

The goal of this work is to constrain the strength and structure of the magnetic field associated with the environment of the radio source 3C 449, using observations of Faraday rotation, which we model with a structure function technique and by comparison with numerical simulations. We assume that the magnetic field is a Gaussian, isotropic random variable and that it is embedded in the hot intra-group plasma surrounding the radio source. For this purpose, we present detailed rotation measure images for the polarized radio source 3C 449, previously observed with the Very Large Array at seven frequencies between 1.365 and 8.385 GHz. We quantify the statistics of the magnetic-field fluctuations by deriving rotation measure structure functions, which we fit using models derived from theoretical power spectra. We quantify the errors due to sampling by making multiple two-dimensional realizations of the best-fitting power spectrum.We also use depolarization measurements to estimate the minimum scale of the field variations. We then make three-dimensional models with a gas density distribution derived from X-ray observations and a random magnetic field with this power spectrum. Under these assumptions we find that both rotation measure and depolarization data are consistent with a broken power-law magnetic-field power spectrum, with a break at about 11 kpc and slopes of 2.98 and 2.07 at smaller and larger scales respectively. The maximum and minimum scales of the fluctuations are around 65 and 0.2 kpc, respectively. The average magnetic field strength at the cluster centre is 3.5 +/-1.2 micro-G, decreasing linearly with the gas density within about 16 kpc of the nucleus.Comment: 19 pages; 14 figures; accepted for publication on A&A. For a high quality version use ftp://ftp.eso.org/pub/general/guidetti

Revealing the magnetic field in a distant galaxy cluster: discovery of the complex radio emission from MACS J0717.5 +3745

Aims. To study at multiple frequencies the radio emission arising from the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 (z=0.55). Known to be an extremely complex cluster merger, the system is uniquely suited for an investigation of the phenomena at work in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) during cluster collisions. Methods. We use multi-frequency and multi-resolution data obtained with the Very Large Array radio telescope, and X-ray features revealed by Chandra, to probe the non-thermal and thermal components of the ICM, their relations and interactions. Results. The cluster shows highly complex radio emission. A bright, giant radio halo is detected at frequencies as high as 4.8 GHz. MACS J0717.5+3745 is the most distant cluster currently known to host a radio halo. This radio halo is also the most powerful ever observed, and the second case for which polarized radio emission has been detected, indicating that the magnetic field is ordered on large scales.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepte

Unravelling the origin of large-scale magnetic fields in galaxy clusters and beyond through Faraday Rotation Measures with the SKA

We investigate the possibility for the SKA to detect and study the magnetic fields in galaxy clusters and in the less dense environments surrounding them using Faraday Rotation Measures. To this end, we produce 3-dimensional magnetic field models for galaxy clusters of different masses and in different stages of their evolution, and derive mock rotation measure observations of background radiogalaxies. According to our results, already in phase I, we will be able to infer the magnetic field properties in galaxy clusters as a function of the cluster mass, down to $10^{13}$ solar-masses. Moreover, using cosmological simulations to model the gas density, we have computed the expected rotation measure through shock-fronts that occur in the intra-cluster medium during cluster mergers. The enhancement in the rotation measure due to the density jump will permit to constraint the magnetic field strength and structure after the shock passage. SKA observations of polarised sources located behind galaxy clusters will answer several questions about the magnetic field strength and structure in galaxy clusters, and its evolution with cosmic time.Comment: 9 pages, 4 Figures, to appear as part of 'Cosmic Magnetism' in Proceedings 'Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA (AASKA14)', PoS(AASKA14

Discovery of diffuse emission in the galaxy cluster A1689

The aim of this work is to investigate the possible presence of extended diffuse synchrotron radio emission associated with the intracluster medium of the complex galaxy cluster A1689. The radio continuum emission of A1689 has been investigated by analyzing archival observations at 1.2 and 1.4 GHz obtained with the Very Large Array in different configurations. We report the detection of an extended, diffuse, low-surface brightness radio emission located in the central region of A1689. The surface brightness profile of the diffuse emission at 1.2 GHz indicates a central radio brightness of ~1.7 \mu Jy/arcsec^2 and the 3\sigma radio isophothes reveal the largest linear size to be 730 kpc. Given its central location, the low-level surface brightness, and the comparatively large extension, we classify the diffuse cluster-wide emission in A1689 as a small radio halo.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, A&A accepte

The intracluster magnetic field power spectrum in Abell 665

The goal of this work is to investigate the power spectrum of the magnetic field associated with the giant radio halo in the galaxy cluster A665. For this, we present new deep Very Large Array total intensity and polarization observations at 1.4 GHz. We simulated Gaussian random three-dimensional turbulent magnetic field models to reproduce the observed radio halo emission. By comparing observed and synthetic radio halo images we constrained the strength and structure of the intracluster magnetic field. We assumed that the magnetic field power spectrum is a power law with a Kolmogorov index and we imposed a local equipartition of energy density between relativistic particles and field. Under these assumptions, we find that the radio halo emission in A665 is consistent with a central magnetic field strength of about 1.3 micro-G. To explain the azimuthally averaged radio brightness profile, the magnetic field energy density should decrease following the thermal gas density, leading to an averaged magnetic field strength over the central 1 Mpc^3 of about 0.75 micro-G. From the observed brightness fluctuations of the radio halo, we infer that the outer scale of the magnetic field power spectrum is ~450 kpc, and the corresponding magnetic field auto-correlation length is ~100 kpc.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on A&A, language editing. For a high quality version see http://erg.ca.astro.it/preprints/a665_halo

LA RETE SISMICA MOBILE DEL CNT E LA CO.RE.MO

Il CNT è la Sezione dell’INGV preposta al monitoraggio sismico del territorio italiano garantito attraverso la gestione e la manutenzione della RSN in collaborazione con le altre sedi dell’INGV dislocate sul territorio e con vari referenti locali [vedi Delladio, 2011 - in questo volume]. Competenza del CNT è anche la rete sismica euro-mediterranea (MedNet1): una rete di stazioni sismiche a larga banda dislocate nei Paesi che circondano il Mediterraneo in condivisione con molti istituti geofisici [Olivieri et al., 2009]. Negli ultimi anni le reti sismiche sono cresciute sia come numero di stazioni che come tecnologia, consentendo di controllare in maniera estesa lo spettro di frequenze emesse dalla sorgente sismica e la ciclicità delle strutture sismogenetiche. Tale implementazione geografica e tecnologica della RSN ha permesso di abbassare notevolmente la soglia media di detezione dei terremoti [Schorlemmer, D. et al., 2009] e di migliorare la qualità delle localizzazioni consentendo così di associare la microsismicità a molte importanti strutture sismogenetiche. Non è tuttavia ragionevole, economicamente e tecnicamente, attuare tale processo di densificazione in maniera omogenea su tutto il territorio nazionale. In taluni casi, diventa così necessario far ricorso all’uso di reti sismiche temporanee le quali, integrate alle reti permanenti già operanti nel territorio, consentono un’acquisizione di dati sismologici di alta qualità e dettaglio. Personale specializzato nella gestione di reti sismiche temporanee è presente in diverse sedi dell’INGV all’interno di strutture preparate e specializzate nell’ambito degli argomenti di ricerca specifici della Sezione di appartenenza. Ogni struttura lavora in piena autonomia sul territorio di competenza ma numerose sono le circostanze che le hanno viste e che le vedono continuamente collaborare in buona sinergia e con ottimi risultati sia in esperimenti sismici nell’ambito di progetti di ricerca programmati che in occasioni di emergenze sismiche. Caso esemplare è stata la lunga emergenza sismica seguita al terremoto che il 6 aprile 2009 ha colpito il capoluogo abruzzese [Margheriti et al., 2010]. 1 http://mednet.rm.ingv.it/ Viene qui presentata l’attività e l’organizzazione della Rete Sismica Mobile del CNT (RSM-CNT)