2,277 research outputs found
Magnetospheric Accretion and Ejection of Matter in Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
The ejection of matter in the close vicinity of a young stellar object is
investigated, treating the accretion disk as a gravitationally bound reservoir
of matter. By solving the resistive MHD equations in 2D axisymmetry using our
version of the Zeus-3D code with newly implemented resistivity, we study the
effect of magnetic diffusivity in the magnetospheric accretion-ejection
mechanism. Physical resistivity was included in the whole computational domain
so that reconnection is enabled by the physical as well as the numerical
resistivity. We show, for the first time, that quasi-stationary fast ejecta of
matter, which we call {\em micro-ejections}, of small mass and angular momentum
fluxes, can be launched from a purely resistive magnetosphere. They are
produced by a combination of pressure gradient and magnetic forces, in presence
of ongoing magnetic reconnection along the boundary layer between the star and
the disk, where a current sheet is formed. Mass flux of micro-ejection
increases with increasing magnetic field strength and stellar rotation rate,
and is not dependent on the disk to corona density ratio and amount of
resistivity.Comment: 18 pages, many revisions from previous version, accepted in Ap
Invariance of the correlation energy at high density and large dimension in two-electron systems
We prove that, in the large-dimension limit, the high-density correlation
energy \Ec of two opposite-spin electrons confined in a -dimensional space
and interacting {\em via} a Coulomb potential is given by \Ec \sim -1/(8D^2)
for any radial confining potential . This result explains the observed
similarity of \Ec in a variety of two-electron systems in three-dimensional
space.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Enhanced X-ray variability from V1647 Ori, the young star in outburst illuminating McNeil's Nebula
We report a ~38 ks X-ray observation of McNeil's Nebula obtained with XMM on
2004 April 4. V1647 Ori, the young star in outburst illuminating McNeil's
Nebula, is detected with XMM and appears variable in X-rays. We investigate the
hardness ratio variability and time variations of the event energy distribution
with quantile analysis, and show that the large increase of the count rate from
V1647 Ori observed during the second half of the observation is not associated
with any large plasma temperature variations as for typical X-ray flares from
young low-mass stars. X-ray spectral fitting shows that the bulk (~75%) of the
intrinsic X-ray emission in the 0.5-8 keV energy band comes from a soft plasma
component (0.9 keV) reminiscent of the X-ray spectrum of the classical T Tauri
star TW Hya, for which X-ray emission is believed to be generated by an
accretion shock onto the photosphere of a low-mass star. The hard plasma
component (4.2 keV) contributes ~25% of the total X-ray emission, and can be
understood only in the framework of plasma heating sustained by magnetic
reconnection events. We find a hydrogen column density of NH=4.1E22 cm-2, which
points out a significant excess of hydrogen column density compared to the
value derived from optical/IR observations, consistent with the picture of the
rise of a wind/jet unveiled from ground optical spectroscopy. The X-ray flux
observed with XMM ranges from roughly the flux observed by Chandra on 2004
March 22 (~10 times greater than the pre-outburst X-ray flux) to a value two
times greater than that caught by Chandra on 2004 March 7 (~200 times greater
than the pre-outburst X-ray flux). We have investigated the possibility that
V1647 Ori displays a periodic variation in X-ray brightness as suggested by the
combined Chandra+XMM data set (abridged).Comment: 11 pages and 8 Figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Quantum four-body system in D dimensions
By the method of generalized spherical harmonic polynomials, the
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a four-body system in -dimensional space is
reduced to the generalized radial equations where only six internal variables
are involved. The problem on separating the rotational degrees of freedom from
the internal ones for a quantum -body system in dimensions is generally
discussed.Comment: 19 pages, no figure, RevTex, Submitted to J. Math. Phy
THE COMPLEXITIES OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AMONG MEXICAN AMERICAN MOTHERS
Introduction: Mothers play an important role in preventing childhood obesity; however, might differ in how they define healthy weight and the associated consequences. Due to the lack of research investigating how Mexican American mothers perceive childhood obesity, the purpose of this paper is to qualitatively assess Mexican-American mothersâ perceptions regarding childhood obesity, its causes and consequences.
Methods: Three focus groups, two in Spanish and one in English, were conducted with 23 mothers in Bryan, TX. Thematic analysis was performed by three researchers independently using sentences as the unit of meaning.
Findings: Mexican American mothers believed that a child needs to be a healthy weight to be healthy; however, the mothers varied in their methods for determining if their child was at a healthy weight. Mothers identified several underlying causes of childhood obesity including genetics, parenting, household characteristics and culture.
Conclusion: Understanding the views of mothers of at-risk of rearing overweight children are important in elucidating effective strategies for preventing childhood obesity. Communication messages for this group might be more effective if they are contextualized within the culture, household and family
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Turning points: the personal and professional circumstances that lead academics to become middle managers
In the current higher education climate, there is a growing perception that the pressures associated with being an academic middle manager outweigh the perceived rewards of the position. This article investigates the personal and professional circumstances that lead academics to become middle managers by drawing on data from life history interviews undertaken with 17 male and female department heads from a range of disciplines, in a post-1992 UK university. The data suggests that experiencing conflict between personal and professional identities, manifested through different socialization experiences over time, can lead to a âturning pointâ and a decision that affects a personâs career trajectory. Although the results of this study cannot be generalized, the findings may help other individuals and institutions move towards a firmer understanding of the academic who becomes head of departmentâin relation to theory, practice and research
Magnetohydrodynamic jets from different magnetic field configurations
Using axisymmetric MHD simulations we investigate how the overall jet
formation is affected by a variation in the disk magnetic flux profile and/or
the existence of a central stellar magnetosphere. Our simulations evolve from
an initial, hydrostatic equilibrium state in a force-free magnetic field
configuration. We find a unique relation between the collimation degree and the
disk wind magnetization power law exponent. The collimation degree decreases
for steeper disk magnetic field profiles. Highly collimated outflows resulting
from a flat profile tend to be unsteady. We further consider a magnetic field
superposed of a stellar dipole and a disk field in parallel or anti-parallel
alignment. Both stellar and disk wind may evolve in a pair of outflows,
however, a reasonably strong disk wind component is essential for jet
collimation. Strong flares may lead to a sudden change in mass flux by a factor
two. We hypothesize that such flares may eventually trigger jet knots.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; proceedings from conference: Protostellar Jets in
Context, held in Rhodes, July 7-12, 200
Ultrafast Optical Study of Small Gold Monolayer Protected Clusters: A Closer Look at Emission
Monolayer-protected metal nanoclusters (MPCs) were investigated to probe their fundamental excitation and emission properties. In particular, gold MPCs were probed by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements; the results were used to examine the mechanism of emission in relation to the excited states in these systems. In steady-state measurements, the photoluminescence of gold clusters in the range of 25 to 140 atoms was considerably stronger relative to larger particle analogues. The increase in emission efficiency (for Au25, Au55, and Au140 on the order of 10-5) over bulk gold may arise from a different mechanism of photoluminescence, as suggested by measurements on larger gold spheres and rods. Results of fluorescence upconversion found considerably longer lifetimes for smaller gold particles than for larger particles. Measurements of the femtosecond transient absorption of the smaller clusters suggested dramatically different behavior than what was observed for larger particles. These results, combined with the result of a new bleach band in the transient absorption signal (which is presumably due to an unforeseen ground state absorption), suggest that quantum size effects and associated discrete molecular-like state structure play a key role in enhanced visible fluorescence of small clusters
Depression and anxiety symptoms at TNF inhibitor initiation are associated with impaired treatment response in axial spondyloarthritis
Acknowledgment We are grateful to Professor Gary Macfarlane for commenting on the manuscript. We are grateful to the staff of the BSRBR-AS register and to the recruiting staff at the clinical centres, details of which are available at: www.abdn.ac.uk/bsrbr-as. We also thank Dr Lewis Carpenter for suggesting splines for modelling time. Contribution: SSZ analysed the data and wrote the manuscript with significant input from all co- authors. GTJ is the Deputy Chief Investigator on BSRBR-AS and designed the study and oversaw its conduct. In the current project they discussed results and provided input into drafts of the manuscript. Funding: The BSRBR-AS is funded by the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) who have received funding for this from Pfizer, AbbVie and UCB. These companies receive advance copies of manuscripts for comments. They have no input in determining the topics for analysis or work involved in undertaking it.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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