Practical nutritional recovery strategies for elite soccer players when limited time separates repeated matches

Specific guidelines that aim to facilitate the recovery of soccer players from the demands of training and a congested fixture schedule are lacking; especially in relation to evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The importance of repeated high level performance and injury avoidance while addressing the challenges of fixture scheduling, travel to away venues, and training commitments requires a strategic and practically feasible method of implementing specific nutritional strategies. Here we present evidence-based guidelines regarding nutritional recovery strategies within the context of soccer. An emphasis is placed on providing practically applicable guidelines for facilitation of recovery when multiple matches are played within a short period of time (i.e. 48 h). Following match-play, the restoration of liver and muscle glycogen stores (via consumption of ~1.2 gkg-1h-1 of carbohydrate) and augmentation of protein synthesis (via ~40 g of protein) should be prioritised in the first 20 minutes of recovery. Daily intakes of 6-10 gkg-1 body mass of carbohydrate are recommended when limited time separates repeated matches while daily protein intakes of >1.5 gkg-1 body mass should be targeted; possibly in the form of multiple smaller feedings (e.g., 6 x 20-40 g). At least 150% of the body mass lost during exercise should be consumed within 1 h and electrolytes added such that fluid losses are ameliorated. Strategic use of protein, leucine, creatine, polyphenols and omega-3 supplements could also offer practical means of enhancing post-match recovery. Keywords: soccer, nutrition, recovery, polyphenols, omega-3, creatine, fixture, congestio

Influence of Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Hepatic Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in Adulthood

Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth and development in mammals. Congenital-neonatal hypothyroidism (CH) has a profound impact on physiology, but its specific influence in liver is less understood. Here, we studied how CH influences the liver gene expression program in adulthood. Pregnant rats were given the antithyroid drug methimazole (MMI) from GD12 until PND30 to induce CH in male offspring. Growth defects due to CH were evident as reductions in body weight and tail length from the second week of life. Once the MMI treatment was discontinued, the feed efficiency increased in CH, and this was accompanied by significant catch-up growth. On PND80, significant reductions in body mass, tail length, and circulating IGF-I levels remained in CH rats. Conversely, the mRNA levels of known GH target genes were significantly upregulated. The serum levels of thyroid hormones, cholesterol, and triglycerides showed no significant differences. In contrast, CH rats showed significant changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism, including an increased transcription of PPARα and a reduced expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, cellular sterol efflux, triglyceride assembly, bile acid synthesis, and lipogenesis. These changes were associated with a decrease of intrahepatic lipids. Finally, CH rats responded to the onset of hypothyroidism in adulthood with a reduction of serum fatty acids and hepatic cholesteryl esters and to T3 replacement with an enhanced activation of malic enzyme. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence that neonatal hypothyroidism influences the hepatic transcriptional program and tissue sensitivity to hormone treatment in adulthood. This highlights the critical role that a euthyroid state during development plays on normal liver physiology in adulthood

Changes in Skin Test Aeroallergen Sensitization in Mexico Over the Past 14 Years and According to Climate

Désirée Larenas-Linnemann,1 Blanca María Morfín-Maciel,2 Victor Gonzalez-Uribe,3 Claudia Ivonne Gallego-Corella,4 Germán Agustín Rico-Solís,5 Luiana Hernández-Velázquez,6 Daniel García-Imperial,7 Chrystopherson Gengyny Caballero-Lopez,8 Ondina Marlene Garibay-Vargas,9 José Luis Gálvez-Romero,10 Daniela García Fajardo,11 Joel Barroso-Santos,12 Herberth de Jesús Pérez-Áviles,13 Jorge Agustín Luna-Pech,14 Cecilia Yvonne García-Cobas,15 Kareli Guadalupe Coronado-Hernández,16 Margarita Ortega-Cisneros,17 Carlos Humberto González-Gutiérrez,18 Daniela Rivero-Yeverino,8 Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez,19 Leticia Lezama-Vázquez,20 Karen Lilian Rivera-Alvarado,21 Georgina Guadalupe Ochoa-López,22 Sara Elizabeth Covarrubias-Ramírez,23 Claudia Patricia Reyes-Galindo,24 Beatriz Bayardo-Gutiérrez,25 María del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro26 1Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia Larenas, Hospital Médica Sur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; 2Private practice, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; 3AlergiaMx, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; 4Centro de Alergia y Asma de Tijuana, Tijuana, BCN, Mexico; 5Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Colima, COL, Mexico; 6IMSS Hospital General de Zona Número 8, Ensenada, BCN, Mexico; 7Private Practice, Querétaro, QRO, Mexico; 8Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, PUE, Mexico; 9Private practice, Uruapan, MICH, Mexico; 10Jefatura de investigación, Hospital Regional ISSSTE, Puebla, PUE, Mexico; 11Private Practice, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; 12Private practice, Pachuca, HGO, Mexico; 13Private Practice, Mérida, YUC, Mexico; 14Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológico e Instrumentales, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; 15Alergia e Inmunología, HGR 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; 16Centro Médico Nacional del Occidente Pediatrics, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; 17Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Department of clinical immunology and allergy, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; 18HGZ &num; 1 IMSS, Zacatecas, ZAC, Mexico; 19Hospital Infantil de México ‘Federico Gómez’, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; 20Private practice, Tuxtla-Gutiérrez, CHIS, Mexico; 21IMSS UMAE 14, Veracruz, VER, Mexico; 22Private practice, Ciudad Juárez, CHIH, Mexico; 23Plebitos, Especialidades Pediátricas, Mazatlán, SIN, Mexico; 24ISSSTE, Ciudad Victoria, TAMPS, Mexico; 25Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia, Hospital Regional ISSSTE, Puebla, PUE, Mexico; 26Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, DF, MexicoCorrespondence: Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia Larenas, Hospital Médica Sur, Torre 2 cons. 602, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Del. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, 14050, Mexico, Tel +52-55-5171-2248 ; +5606-6222 Ext.4372 ; +52-55-8509-5950, Email [email protected]: Aeroallergen exposure has an intra- and extra-domiciliary component and varies according to climatological zones. Mexico is a large country with a great variety of climates. A previous study (2009) evaluated skin prick test results (SPT) in different regions. In this study, we compare previous sensitization patterns from 14y ago with current ones and compare them between different climatological zones.Methods: Mexican allergists were asked to share their last 100 SPT results in patients with respiratory allergy. Clinics were grouped in (semi)humid vs (semi)dry zones. Results were analyzed nationwide and compared to the 2009 results, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with p < 0.05 as cut-off. Similarly, we compared (semi)humid versus dry zones.Results: We collected 2915 SPT results from 28 clinics (19 cities). Dermatophagoides was the most frequently sensitizing allergen. There was a significant increase in SPT positivity from 2009 to 2023 in both in- and outdoor aeroallergens (OR 1.26– 2.65, 95% CI from 1.06– 1.50 to 1.99– 3.52). Comparing dry-humid zones, sensitization to pollen from Oleaceae, Fagaceae (p < 0.0001 all) and most weeds is more frequent in humid zones, as are Dermatophagoides and cockroach (both p < 0.0001). Eucalyptus, mesquite, and all grass pollen sensitizations predominate in dry zones (p < 0.05– 0.0001). There are no differences in sensitization to cat or dog between zones.Conclusion: We found a general increase in SPT sensitization over the past fourteen years, suggesting that this is probably not only due to climate change. The different sensitization profile throughout the country was mainly related to humidity. Repeating epidemiologic SPT studies over the years could help tracking changes in allergen sensitization over time.Keywords: allergy, diagnosis, skin prick testing, aeroallergen, climate change, pollen allergy, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthm

MAGIC upper limits on the GRB 090102 afterglow

Indications of a GeV component in the emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known since the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope observations during the 1990s and they have been confirmed by the data of the Fermi satellite. These results have, however, shown that our understanding of GRB physics is still unsatisfactory. The new generation of Cherenkov observatories and in particular the MAGIC telescope, allow for the first time the possibility to extend the measurement of GRBs from several tens up to hundreds of GeV energy range. Both leptonic and hadronic processes have been suggested to explain the possible GeV/TeV counterpart of GRBs. Observations with ground-based telescopes of very high energy (VHE) photons (E &gt; 30 GeV) from these sources are going to play a key role in discriminating among the different proposed emission mechanisms, which are barely distinguishable at lower energies. MAGIC telescope observations of the GRB 090102 (z = 1.547) field and Fermi Large Area Telescope data in the same time interval are analysed to derive upper limits of the GeV/TeV emission. We compare these results to the expected emissions evaluated for different processes in the framework of a relativistic blastwave model for the afterglow. Simultaneous upper limits with Fermi and a Cherenkov telescope have been derived for this GRB observation. The results we obtained are compatible with the expected emission although the difficulties in predicting the HE and VHE emission for the afterglow of this event makes it difficult to draw firmer conclusions. Nonetheless, MAGIC sensitivity in the energy range of overlap with space-based instruments (above about 40 GeV) is about one order of magnitude better with respect to Fermi. This makes evident the constraining power of ground-based observations and shows that the MAGIC telescope has reached the required performance to make possible GRB multiwavelength studies in the VHE range.</p

Multifrequency studies of the peculiar quasar 4C+21.35 during the 2010 flaring activity

The discovery of rapidly variable Very High Energy ( VHE; E &gt; 100 GeV). - ray emission from 4C + 21.35 ( PKS 1222+ 216) by MAGIC on 2010 June 17, triggered by the high activity detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope ( LAT) in high energy ( HE; E &gt; 100 MeV). - rays, poses intriguing questions on the location of the. - ray emitting region in this flat spectrum radio quasar. We present multifrequency data of 4C + 21.35 collected from centimeter to VHE during 2010 to investigate the properties of this source and discuss a possible emission model. The first hint of detection at VHE was observed by MAGIC on 2010 May 3, soon after a gamma- ray flare detected by Fermi-LAT that peaked on April 29. The same emission mechanism may therefore be responsible for both the HE and VHE emission during the 2010 flaring episodes. Two optical peaks were detected on 2010 April 20 and June 30, close in time but not simultaneous with the two gamma- ray peaks, while no clear connection was observed between the X-ray and gamma- ray emission. An increasing flux density was observed in radio and mm bands from the beginning of 2009, in accordance with the increasing gamma- ray activity observed by Fermi-LAT, and peaking on 2011 January 27 in the mm regime ( 230 GHz). We model the spectral energy distributions ( SEDs) of 4C + 21.35 for the two periods of the VHE detection and a quiescent state, using a one-zone model with the emission coming from a very compact region outside the broad line region. The three SEDs can be fit with a combination of synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission of seed photons from a dust torus, changing only the electron distribution parameters between the epochs. The fit of the optical/UV part of the spectrum for 2010 April 29 seems to favor an inner disk radius of &lt; six gravitational radii, as one would expect from a prograde-rotating Kerr black hole.</p

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA

Neotropical ant-plant Triplaris americana attracts Pseudomyrmex mordax ant queens during seedling stages

The association between the myrmecophyte Triplaris and ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex is an often-reported example of mutualism in the Neotropics. The ants colonize the hollow stems of their hosts, and in exchange, the plants benefit from a reduced degree of herbivory. The previous studies have shown that workers can discriminate their host from other plants, including a closely related species. Little is known about how queens locate their host during the colonization process, but it has been suggested that host recognition is mediated by volatiles. Since queens of Pseudomyrmex mordax colonize their hosts during the seedling stage, we hypothesized that queens would discriminate leaves of seedlings from adult plants. To evaluate our hypothesis, we used a two-sided olfactometer, to test the preference of queens towards different leaf and plant ages of Triplaris americana. Virgin queens of Pseudomyrmex mordax preferred seedlings over adult plants, as well as plant leaves over empty controls, showing no discrimination for leaf age. Our results suggest that the volatiles virgin queens recognize are either produced or are more abundant at the early growing stage of the host when colonization is crucial for the host's survival. © 2017, The Author(s)

Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

Context. 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0.212) was discovered in very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to an incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum.Methods. We analyzed data in the range from VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, KVA, OVRO, and Metsahovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE.Results. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of 3.69 +/- 0.22 and a flux above 150 GeV of (1.46 +/- 0.16) x 10(-11) ph cm(-2) s(-1). The source 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of 1.8 +/- 0.4 c, which is the highest speed statistically significant measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac.Conclusions. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the optical emission

Investigating the peculiar emission from the new VHE gamma-ray source H1722+119

The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes observed the BL Lac object H1722+119 (redshift unknown) for six consecutive nights between 2013 May 17 and 22, for a total of 12.5 h. The observations were triggered by high activity in the optical band measured by the KVA (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) telescope. The source was for the first time detected in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray band with a statistical significance of 5.9s. The integral flux above 150 GeV is estimated to be (2.0 +/- 0.5) per cent of the Crab nebula flux. We used contemporaneous high energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations from Fermi-Large Area Telescope to estimate the redshift of the source. Within the framework of the current extragalactic background light models, we estimate the redshift to be z = 0.34 +/- 0.15. Additionally, we used contemporaneous X-ray to radio data collected by the instruments on board the Swift satellite, the KVA, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory telescope to study multifrequency characteristics of the source. We found no significant temporal variability of the flux in the HE and VHE bands. The flux in the optical and radio wavebands, on the other hand, did vary with different patterns. The spectral energy distribution of H1722+119 shows surprising behaviour in the similar to 3 x 10(14)-10(18) Hz frequency range. It can be modelled using an inhomogeneous helical jet synchrotron self-Compton model