Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereThe Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3fdg2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0farcs1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned

Assistência pessoal como novo direito de cidadania: um olhar do campo dos profissionais de saúde

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer la figura del asistente personal para personas con discapacidad. Asimismo, se pretende exponer la importancia de los cuidados y el acompañamiento profesionalizado frente a los cuidados familiares. Método: Abordaje de investigación mixto consistente en la revisión de bases de datos oficiales, así como la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 11 profesionales de la enfermería pertenecientes al Servicio Público de Salud de Galicia (España). Resultados: Los resultados apuntan a que la figura del asistente personal continúa sin ser mayoritaria en la prestación de servicios para personas con discapacidad. El personal de enfermería entrevistado considera que las funciones de asistencia personal deben enfocarse hacia una clara profesionalización por sus características específicas. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio, constituyen un marco propio para la reflexión sobre la intervención y acompañamiento en personas con discapacidad. Sin duda, es necesario el trabajo interdisciplinar dentro de un abordaje conjunto de profesionales con formación sanitaria y social.Objective: The main objective of this research is to familiarize ourselves with the figure of the personal assistant for disabled people. It also seeks to reveal the importance of professionalized care and accompaniment compared with family care. Methods: Joint research consisting of the review of official databases, as well as the performance of semi-structured interviews with 11 professional nurses belonging to the Public Health Service of Galicia (Spain). Results: The results suggest that the figure of the personal assistant is still not predominant in the provision of services for people with disabilities. The interviewed nursing staff considered that the functions of personal assistance should be clearly professionalized due to their specific characteristics. Conclusions: The results of this study constitute a framework for reflection on intervention and support for people with disabilities. No doubt, interdisciplinary work is necessary within a joint approach of professionals with health and social training.Objetivo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é conhecer a figura do assistente pessoal para pessoas com deficiência. Da mesma forma, pretende-se expor a importância do cuidado e o acompanhamento profissionalizado versus cuidado familiar. Método: Abordagem de pesquisa mista composta pela revisão de bases de dados oficiais, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas a 11 profissionais de enfermagem pertencentes ao Serviço de Saúde Pública da Galiza (Espanha). Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a figura do assistente pessoal continua sem ser uma maioria na prestação de serviços para pessoas com deficiência. A equipe de enfermagem entrevistada considera que as funções de assistência pessoal devem estar focadas em uma profissionalização clara devido às suas características específicas. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo constituem um marco adequado para a reflexão sobre a intervenção e acompanhamento de pessoas com deficiência. Sem dúvida, o trabalho interdisciplinar é necessário dentro de uma abordagem conjunta de profissionais com formação em saúde e social

Impact of competences on the employment of university graduates in Spain

El fomento de la empleabilidad y la adquisición de competencias se han convertido en una de las prioridades de la educación superior para los países pertenecientes al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de las competencias genéricas y otras variables sociodemográficas, académicas y laborales en la probabilidad de tener un empleo de los titulados universitarios en España. La fuente de datos utilizada es la encuesta de 2015 del Observatorio de Empleabilidad y Empleo Universitarios. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca que las competencias más relevantes son las sistémicas y que algunas variables, como el sexo o el ciclo de los estudios cursados, condicionan notablemente dicha probabilidad. De esta forma, se ofrece información que puede contribuir a mejorar la adecuación de los planes de estudio en las universidades y a aplicar políticas públicas más efectivas para facilitar el acceso al empleoThe promotion of employability and the acquisition of competences have become one of the priorities of higher education for the countries that belong to the European Higher Education Area. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of generic competences and other sociodemographic, academic and work-related variables on the probability of having a job for university graduates in Spain. This analysis uses data from the 2015 survey by the Observatory for University Employability and Employment. The results reveal that the most relevant competences are the systemic ones, and that the rest of variables, such as sex or the cycle of studies, condition notably that probability. Thus, the findings of this article can contribute to improve the adaptation of academic programs in universities and to enact more effective public policies to facilitate the access to employment

A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Breast Cancer: ONCORE Study Protocol

[Abstract] Background. Anthracyclines and monoclonal antibodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) are frequently used to treat breast cancer but they are associated with risk of developing cardiotoxicity. Implementation of cardioprotective strategies as part of breast cancer treatment are needed. To date, a limited number of studies have examined the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation programs or exercise programs in the prevention of cardiotoxicity through an integral assessment of cardiac function. The ONCORE study proposes an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program as a non-pharmacological tool for the management of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods. The study protocol describes a prospective, randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether an intervention through an exercise-based CR program can effectively prevent cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2 antibodies in women with breast cancer. Three hundred and forty women with breast cancer at early stages scheduled to receive cardiotoxic chemotherapy will be randomly assigned (1:1) to participation in an exercise-based CR program (intervention group) or to usual care and physical activity recommendation (control group). Primary outcomes include changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain as markers of cardiac dysfunction assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Secondary outcomes comprise levels of cardiovascular biomarkers and cardiopulmonary function through peak oxygen uptake determination, physical performance and psychosocial status. Supervised exercise program-related outcomes including safety, adherence/compliance, expectations and physical exercise in- and out-of-hospital are studied as exploratory outcomes. Transthoracic echocardiography, clinical test and questionnaires will be performed at the beginning and two weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Discussion. The growing incidence of breast cancer and the risk of cardiotoxicity derived from cancer treatments demand adjuvant cardioprotective strategies. The proposed study may determine if an exercise-based CR program is effective in minimizing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in this population of women with early-stage breast cancer. The proposed research question is concrete, with relevant clinical implications, transferable to clinical practice and achievable with low risk.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI17/0168

Thirty-Second Sit-To-Stand Test as an Alternative for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake and 6-Min Walking Distance in Women With Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

[Abstract] Purpose: To determine whether the 30-s sit-to-stand (30STS) test can be a valid tool for estimating and stratifying peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses data from the ONCORE randomized controlled trial, including 120 women aged 18-70 years with early-stage breast cancer under treatment with anthracycline and/or anti-HER2 antibodies. Participant characteristics were collected at baseline and pooled data from functional assessment (30STS test, relative and absolute VO2peak, and 6MWD) were collected at baseline and post-intervention (comprehensive cardio-oncology rehabilitation program vs. usual care). Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between functional test variables. Results: The number of repetitions in the 30STS test showed (i) a moderate correlation with relative VO2peak (ml/kg/min) (r = 0.419; p < 0.001; n = 126), (ii) a weak correlation with absolute VO2peak (ml/min) (r = 0.241; p = 0.008; n = 120), and (iii) a moderate correlation with the 6MWD (r = 0.440; p < 0.001; n = 85). The ONCORE equations obtained from the multivariate regression models allowed the estimation of VO2peak and 6MWD (r2 = 0.390; r2 = 0.261, respectively) based on the 30STS test, and its stratification into tertiles (low, moderate, and high). Conclusion: The 30STS test was found to be a useful tool to estimate VO2peak and/or 6MWD in women with early-stage breast cancer. Its use may facilitate the assessment and stratification of functional capacity in this population for the implementation of therapeutic exercise programs if cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) or 6MWT are not available.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by a competitive grant from the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) Scientific Foundation — PRDLC21480DÍAZ — and by a competitive grant of the Spanish Health Research Fund of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) — PI17/01687, co-funded FEDER, through Strategic Action in Healthcare, 2017. The ISCIII is the national and international reference in biomedical research and public health in Spain. The AECC Scientific Foundation and the ISCIII had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. Funding for open access charge will be supported by Universidade da Coruña/CISUGFundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer; PRDLC21480DÍA

Alteraciones del segmento anterior y el posterior en ojos con lentes intraoculares luxados a vítreo

A descriptive-prospective longitudinal study on 25 patients who attended the Vitreo-Retinal Services at the Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology was carried out. The study covered the period from October 1 st 2006 to March 31 st 2007 and involved the cases with a previous diagnosis of vitreous luxated intraocular lenses during or after senile cataract surgery. The patients underwent a full ophthalmologic examination and the alterations of the anterior and posterior segment associated to this complication were determined. Most of the patients were males with ages ranging between 70 and 79 years. The luxation occurred mainly between six and twelve months after surgery. The main alterations found were posterior capsule rupture, stromal edema and posterior vitreous detachment. Most of the patients presented a normal macular status according to a coherent optical tomography study.Se realizó un estudio longitudinal descriptivo prospectivo de 25 pacientes que acudieron a la Consulta de Vítreo-Retina en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología “Ramón Pando Ferrer” del 1 de octubre de 2006 al 31 de marzo de 2007 con el diagnóstico previo de lente intraocular luxado a vítreo durante o después de la operación de la catarata senil; se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo; se determinaron las alteraciones del segmento anterior y posterior del ojo asociadas a esta complicación; el sexo predominante fue el masculino, entre los 70 y 79 años; la luxación ocurrió mayormente entre los seis y 12 meses del período posquirúrgico; las principales alteraciones observadas fueron la rotura de la cápsula posterior, el edema estromal y el desprendimiento posterior del vítreo y la mayoría de los enfermos presentó estado macular normal según un estudio de tomografía óptica coherente

Exercise-based cardio-oncology rehabilitation for cardiotoxicity prevention during breast cancer chemotherapy: the ONCORE randomized controlled trial

[Abstract] Background: Breast cancer (BC) treatment with anthracyclines and/or anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) antibodies is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease complications, including cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). While Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation (CORe) programs including exercise have emerged to minimize these risks, its role in preventing CTRCD is unclear. Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of an exercise-based CORe program in preventing CTRCD [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) drop ≥10% to a value 15% in global longitudinal strain (GLS)]. Secondary outcomes examined changes in cardiac biomarkers, physical performance including peak oxygen consumption, psychometric and lifestyle outcomes. Safety, adherence, and patient satisfaction were also assessed. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial including 122 early-stage BC women receiving anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2 antibodies, randomized to CORe (n = 60) or usual care with exercise recommendation (n = 62). Comprehensive assessments were performed at baseline and after cardiotoxic treatment completion. The average duration of the intervention was 5.8 months. Results: No cases of CTRCD were identified during the study. LVEF decreased in both groups, but was significantly attenuated in the CORe group [-1.5% (-2.9, -0.1); p = 0.006], with no changes detected in GLS or cardiac biomarkers. The CORe intervention led to significant body mass index (BMI) reduction (p = 0.037), especially in obese patients [3.1 kg/m2 (1.3, 4.8)]. Physical performance and quality-of-life remained stable, while physical activity level increased in both groups. No adverse events were detected. Conclusions: This study suggests that CORe programs are safe and may help attenuate LVEF decline in BC women receiving cardiotoxic therapy and reduce BMI in obese patients.This work was supported by a competitive grant from the Spanish Association Against Cancer Scientific Foundation (grant number PRDLC21480DÍAZ) and a competitive grant from the Spanish Health Research Fund of the Carlos III Health Institute (grant number PI17/01687), co-funded by FEDER, through Strategic Action in Healthcare, 2017. Funding for open access charge will be supported by Universidade da Coruña/CISUG. None of the funding sources were involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or report writing.Asociación Española contra el Cáncer; PRDLC21480DÍAZinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia/PI17%2F01687/PROGRAMAS INTEGRADOS DE REHABILITACION CARDIACA CON EJERCICIO FISICO EN LA PREVENCION DE LA TOXICIDAD CARDIOVASCULAR MEDIADA POR ANTRACICLINAS Y/O ANTICUERPOS ANTI-HER-2. ESTUDIO ONCOR

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm frequently shows occult central nervous system involvement at diagnosis and benefits from intrathecal therapy

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive myeloid neoplasm which shows a high rate of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence and overall survival (OS) of <1 year. Despite this, screening for CNS involvement is not routinely performed at diagnosis and intrathecal (IT) prophylaxis is not regularly administered in BPDCN. Here, we prospectively evaluated 13 consecutive BPDCN patients for the presence of CNS involvement by flow cytometry. Despite none of the patients presented with neurological symptoms, occult CNS involvement was detected in 6/10 cases evaluated at diagnosis and 3/3 studied at relapse/progression. BPDCN patients evaluated at diagnosis received IT treatment -either CNS prophylaxis (n = 4) or active therapy (n = 6)- and all but one remain alive (median follow-up of 20 months). In contrast, all three patients assessed at relapse/progression died. The potential benefit of IT treatment administered early at diagnosis on OS and CNS recurrence-free survival of BPDCN was further confirmed in a retrospective cohort of another 23 BPDCN patients. Our results show that BPDCN patients studied at diagnosis frequently display occult CNS involvement; moreover, they also indicate that treatment of occult CNS disease might lead to a dramatically improved outcome of BPDCN

Computer-Based Training in Math and Working Memory Improves Cognitive Skills and Academic Achievement in Primary School Children:Behavioral Results

Student academic achievement has been positively related to further development outcomes, such as the attainment of higher educational, employment, and socioeconomic aspirations. Among all the academic competences, mathematics has been identified as an essential skill in the field of international leadership as well as for those seeking positions in disciplines related to science, technology, and engineering. Given its positive consequences, studies have designed trainings to enhance children's mathematical skills. Additionally, the ability to regulate and control actions and cognitions, i.e., executive functions (EF), has been associated with school success, which has resulted in a strong effort to develop EF training programs to improve students' EF and academic achievement. The present study examined the efficacy of a school computer-based training composed of two components, namely, working memory and mathematics tasks. Among the advantages of using a computer-based training program is the ease with which it can be implemented in school settings and the ease by which the difficulty of the tasks can be adapted to fit the child's ability level. To test the effects of the training, children's cognitive skills (EF and IQ) and their school achievement (math and language grades and abilities) were evaluated. The results revealed a significant improvement in cognitive skills, such as non-verbal IQ and inhibition, and better school performance in math and reading among the children who participated in the training compared to those children who did not. Most of the improvements were related to training on WM tasks. These findings confirmed the efficacy of a computer-based training that combined WM and mathematics activities as part of the school routines based on the training's impact on children's academic competences and cognitive skills

Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC): 2019–2021 epidemiological situation

Background: Current frequency and risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in Spain are not well known. Objectives: To study the frequency of sensitization, risk factors and simultaneous sensitization between the four isothiazolinones. Materials and Methods: We analysed all 2019-2021 consecutive patients patch-tested with MI (0.2% aq.), MCI/MI (0.02% aq.), BIT (0.1% pet.) and OIT (0.1% pet) within the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). Results: A total of 2511 patients were analysed. Frequencies of sensitization were: any isothiazolinone 15.7%, MI 6.8%, MCI/MI 4.8%, BIT 3.5% and OIT 0.5%. MI and MCI/MI sensitization was associated with being occupationally active, hand dermatitis, detergents and age over 40. BIT sensitization was associated with leg dermatitis and age over 40. About one in nine MI-positive patients were positive to BIT, whereas one in five BIT-positive patients were positive to MI. Conclusions: Sensitization to MI, MCI/MI and BIT is still common in Spain, while sensitization to OIT is rare. Currently, sensitization to MI and MCI/MI seems to be occupationally related. Although its origin is unknown, sensitization to BIT is more frequent in patients aged over 40 years. Simultaneous sensitization between MI and BIT is uncommon.The Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis (REIDAC) is promoted by the Fundación Piel Sana (Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología), which has received financial support from the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2022/04/11/pdfs/BOE-A-2022-5975.pdf) and Sanofi. The funders were not involved in the design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, preparation, review, approval of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication