Conceções de avaliação em contexto de ensino clínico de enfermagem: um estudo na Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra

Doutoramento em Didática e Formação (ramo de Avaliação),A avaliação é, conforme referem diversos estudos, uma dimensão complexa dos ensinos clínicos em Enfermagem. Os avanços a nível da investigação na área da avaliação poderão certamente contribuir para a compreensão desta complexidade e sugerir formas de lidar com as práticas avaliativas. Uma vez que o docente é um elemento decisivo no processo educativo em Enfermagem, nomeadamente em ensino clínico, devemos ter em conta que a sua atuação e as suas conceções influenciam claramente as aprendizagens dos estudantes mas também as perceções sobre o processo de avaliação. Por ser uma área do conhecimento inexplorada, esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as conceções e práticas avaliativas de docentes envolvidos na formação graduada de Enfermeiros em contexto de ensino clínico. Sendo um estudo de âmbito educacional o objeto de estudo expandiu-se às conceções dos estudantes sobre avaliação. Procura-se assim contribuir para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre avaliação em geral, e avaliação das aprendizagens em contexto de ensino clínico de Enfermagem em particular. Para aprofundar o objeto em estudo optou-se por centrá-lo apenas na Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra recorrendo-se a uma abordagem metodológica essencialmente quantitativa com recurso adicional a uma abordagem qualitativa na construção dos instrumentos de recolha de dados e na caraterização do contexto de pesquisa. Nas diferentes fases de implementação desta pesquisa procurou-se, com recurso a variados métodos de recolha de dados, aprofundar a compreensão das conceções e práticas avaliativas dos docentes e dos estudantes envolvidos e, com base nessa compreensão, desenvolver propostas que potenciem as práticas avaliativas. Para a concretização deste estudo de caso contou-se com a participação de 200 estudantes e 73 docentes que acederam preencher o instrumento de recolha de dados via online. Quanto ao estudo das conceções dos estudantes e dos docentes sobre avaliação pode afirmar-se que, globalmente, os docentes têm uma melhor conceção sobre a avaliação. Os docentes concebem que a avaliação tende para o desenvolvimento dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. Os estudantes tendem a conceber a avaliação como fator da responsabilização e da escola. Quanto ao estudo das práticas avaliativas identificou-se que a categoria profissional, o tempo de serviço e o tipo de formação que os docentes têm em avaliação condicionam a relação entre as conceções e as práticas avaliativas implementadas. Os Professores Adjuntos, os docentes com menos de dez anos de serviço e os que têm formação de curta duração em avaliação tendem a mostrar menor dificuldade em conciliar as suas conceções e práticas. Assim, os resultados deste estudo mostram uma face inexplorada das conceções e práticas avaliativas em contexto de ensino clínico e espelham o compromisso que os docentes e os estudantes têm no desenvolvimento dos processos de avaliação de e para as aprendizagens.As several studies relate, assessment is a complex dimension of nursing practicum. The advances in the assessment research will certainly contribute to the understanding of this complexity and suggest ways of dealing with it in clinical practice. Once the teacher is a key element in the nursing graduation, particularly in practicum, we must keep in mind that their actions and ideas clearly influence the students’ learning and their assessment practices. Being an unexplored area of knowledge, this research aims to study the nursing teachers’ conceptions and assessment practices involved in the practicum of graduate nursing students. As an educational study the object of study has expanded to the students’ conceptions of assessment. It aims to contribute to the development of knowledge about assessment in general, and particularly about assessment in a nursing practicum context. To deepen the object of study the focus of this research was only on the Nursing School of Coimbra and resorted to an essentially quantitative methodological approach using an additional qualitative approach in the construction of collecting data instruments and to the characterization of research context. In different stages of implementation of this research we tried, using varied methods of data collection, to deepen the understanding of conceptions and assessment practices of teachers and students involved in nursing practicum and, based on this understanding, to develop proposals that strengthen future assessment practices. The realization of this case study involved the participation of 200 students and 73 teachers who agreed to complete the online form. Regarding the study of student and teacher conceptions of assessment we can state that, overall, teachers have a better conception of assessment. Teachers conceive that assessment is directed to teaching and learning improvement. Students tend to conceive assessment as a factor of student and school accountability. Regarding the study of assessment practices we identified that the professional category, length of service and type of assessment training has a special relationship with conceptions of assessment and implemented assessment practices. Associate Professors, teachers with less than ten years of service and those with short-term training in evaluation tend to show less difficulty in reconciling values and practices. Thus, the results of this research show an unexplored face of conceptions and assessment practices in the nursing practicum and reflect the commitment that teachers and students have to improve assessment for learning

Qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión sistemática realizada bajo una metodología propuesta por el Centro Cochrane y que parte de la pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué impacto tiene la enfermedad celiaca en calidad de vida del celíaco adulto? El proceso de investigación tomó en consideración los siete pasos recomendados y reunió un conjunto de estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión predefinidos. Tras el análisis de los documentos, hemos encontrado evidencias de estudios de ámbito nacional que pueden dar respuesta a la pregunta formulada, sin embargo los estudios internacionales proporcionan esa respuesta destacando el impacto que la enfermedad celíaca impone a la calidad de vida adulto celíaco.This paper aims to present a systematic literature review focused on the proposed methodology by the Cochrane Center through the following research question: What is the impact of celiac disease on quality of life of adult celiac person? The research process took into account the seven steps recommended and met a number of studies that respect the pre-defined inclusion criteria. After reviewing the documents, we found no evidence of national surveys that would provide answers to the raised question, however, international studies provide this response demonstrating the impact of celiac disease in quality of life of adult celiac person.Este trabalho tem como objectivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática orientada sob uma metodologia proposta pelo Centro Cochrane e que parte da questão de investigação: Qual o impacto da doença celíaca na qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta? O processo de pesquisa teve em consideração os sete passos preconizados e reuniu um conjunto de estudos que cumpriam os criterios de inclusão pré-definidos. Após a análise dos documentos, não encontrámos evidências de estudos de âmbito nacional que possam dar resposta à questão formulada todavia, estudos internacionais proporcionam essa resposta evidenciando o impacto que a doença celíaca impõe na qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta.peerReviewe

Contexts of qualitative research in health

Quando o tema é a abordagem qualitativa na investigação, surgem os famosos clichês: pretende-se profundidade e não generalização, é uma investigação particularística. Mas, o que é isso de particularística? A princípio, a investigação qualitativa pode ser entendida como aquela que produz achados não provenientes de quaisquer procedimentos ou formas de quantificação.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In Vivo Manganese Exposure Modulates Erk, Akt and Darpp-32 in the Striatum of Developing Rats, and Impairs Their Motor Function

Abstract Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for development and metabolism. However, exposures to high Mn levels may be toxic, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). Neurotoxicity is commonly due to occupational or environmental exposures leading to Mn accumulation in the basal ganglia and a Parkinsonian-like disorder. Younger individuals are more susceptible to Mn toxicity. Moreover, early exposure may represent a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases later in life. The present study was undertaken to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity in an in vivo model of immature rats exposed to Mn (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) from postnatal day 8 (PN8) to PN12. Neurochemical analysis was carried out on PN14. We focused on striatal alterations in intracellular signaling pathways, oxidative stress and cell death. Moreover, motor alterations as a result of early Mn exposure (PN8-12) were evaluated later in life at 3-, 4-and 5-weeks-ofage. Mn altered in a dose-dependent manner the activity of key cell signaling elements. Specifically, Mn increased the phosphorylation of DARPP-32-Thr-34, ERK1/2 and AKT. Additionally, Mn increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase activity, and altered mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II activities. Mn (10 and 20 mg/kg) also impaired motor coordination in the 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th week of life. Trolox TM , an antioxidant, reversed several of the Mn altered parameters, including the increased ROS production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, Trolox TM failed to reverse the Mn (20 mg/kg)-induced increase in AKT phosphorylation and motor deficits. Additionally, Mn (20 mg/kg) decreased the distance, speed and grooming frequency in an open field test; Trolox TM blocked only the decrease of grooming frequency. Taken together, these results establish that short-term exposure to Mn during a specific developmental window (PN8-12) induces metabolic and neurochemical alterations in the striatum that may modulate later-life behavioral changes. Furthermore, some of the molecular and behavioral events, which are perturbed by early Mn exposure are not directly related to the production of oxidative stress

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Social instability promotes hormone–behavior associated patterns in a cichlid fish

Androgens are known to respond to social challenges and to control the expression of social behavior and reproductive traits, such as gonadal maturation and sperm production, expression of secondary sex characters and reproductive behaviors. According to the challenge hypothesis variation in androgen levels above a breeding baseline should be explained by the regime of social challenges faced by the individual considering the trade-offs of androgenswith other traits (e.g. parental care). One prediction that can be derived fromthe challenge hypothesis is that androgen levels should increase in response to social instability. Moreover, considering that a tighter association of relevant traits is expected in periods of environmental instability, we also predict that in unstable environments the degree of correlations among different behaviors should increase and hormones and behavior should be associated. These predictions were tested in a polygamous cichlid fish (Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus) with exclusive maternal care. Social instability was produced by swapping dominant males among groups. Stable treatment consisted in removing and placing back dominant males in the same group, in order to control for handling stress. Cortisol levels were also measured to monitor stress levels involved in the procedure and their relation to the androgen patterns and behavior. As predicted androgen levels increased in males in response to the establishment of a social hierarchy and presence of receptive females. However, there were no further differential increases in androgen levels over the social manipulation phase between social stable and social unstable groups. As predicted behaviors were significantly more correlated among themselves in the unstable than in the stable treatment and an associated hormone–behavior pattern was only observed in the unstable treatment.This study was funded by research grants PTDC/PSI/71811/2006 and PTDC/MAR/72117/2006 from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal and the European Commission FEDER Program), and the FCT Pluriannual Program (R&D unit MAR-LVT-Lisboa- 331). During this project O. Almeida was being supported by a PhD fellowship from FCT (SFRH/BD/37187/2007), J. Lopes by a post-doctoral fellowship within a FCT research grant (EXCL/BIA-ANM/0549/2012 to RFO) and E. Gonçalves-de-Freitas by a post-doctoral fellowship from CAPES, Brazil (proc. 1379-08)

Qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión sistemática realizada bajo una metodología propuesta por el Centro Cochrane y que parte de la pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué impacto tiene la enfermedad celiaca en calidad de vida del celíaco adulto? El proceso de investigación tomó en consideración los siete pasos recomendados y reunió un conjunto de estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión predefinidos. Tras el análisis de los documentos, hemos encontrado evidencias de estudios de ámbito nacional que pueden dar respuesta a la pregunta formulada, sin embargo los estudios internacionales proporcionan esa respuesta destacando el impacto que la enfermedad celíaca impone a la calidad de vida adulto celíaco.This paper aims to present a systematic literature review focused on the proposed methodology by the Cochrane Center through the following research question: What is the impact of celiac disease on quality of life of adult celiac person? The research process took into account the seven steps recommended and met a number of studies that respect the pre-defined inclusion criteria. After reviewing the documents, we found no evidence of national surveys that would provide answers to the raised question, however, international studies provide this response demonstrating the impact of celiac disease in quality of life of adult celiac person.Este trabalho tem como objectivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática orientada sob uma metodologia proposta pelo Centro Cochrane e que parte da questão de investigação: Qual o impacto da doença celíaca na qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta? O processo de pesquisa teve em consideração os sete passos preconizados e reuniu um conjunto de estudos que cumpriam os criterios de inclusão pré-definidos. Após a análise dos documentos, não encontrámos evidências de estudos de âmbito nacional que possam dar resposta à questão formulada todavia, estudos internacionais proporcionam essa resposta evidenciando o impacto que a doença celíaca impõe na qualidade de vida da pessoa celíaca adulta.peerReviewe

Incidence of Antibiotic Treatment Failure in Patients with Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia and Community Acquired Pneumonia

Purpose: Nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) patients are at higher risk of multi-drug resistant infection (MDR) than those with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Recent evidence suggests a single risk factor for MDR does not accurately predict the need for broad-spectrum antibiotics. The goal of this study was to compare the rate antibiotic failure between NHAP and CAP patients. Methods: Demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, clinical and laboratory variables, antibiotic therapy, and mortality data were collected retrospectively for all patients with pneumonia admitted to an Internal Medicine Service between April 2017 and April 2018. Results: In total, 313 of 556 patients had CAP and 243 had NHAP. NHAP patients were older, and were more likely to be dependent, to have recent antibiotic use, and to experience treatment failure (odds ratio (OR) 1.583; 95% CI 1.102–2.276; p = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, patient’s origin did not predict treatment failure (OR 1.083; 95% CI 0.726–1.616; p = 0.696). Discussion: Higher rates of antibiotic failure and mortality in NHAP patients were explained by the presence of other risk factors such as comorbidities, more severe presentation, and age. Admission from a nursing home is not a sufficient condition to start broader-spectrum antibiotics

Mn induces oxidative stress in the striatum.

<p>Oxidative stress was analyzed by DCF fluorescence in the striatum of young rats treated with Mn. The graphic shows the DCF fluorescence from rats treated for five days (PN8-12) with saline (control; NaCl 0.9%) or MnCl₂ at doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day. The structures were analyzed on PN14. The data are expressed as percentage of the control and the values are mean ± S.E.M derived from eight independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 compared to control.</p