Interview with Raja Gomez: Commonwealth Oral History Project

Interview with Raja Gomez, conducted 22 March 2013 as part of the Commonwealth Oral History Project. The project aims to produce a unique digital research resource on the oral history of the Commonwealth since 1965 through sixty oral history interviews with leading figures in the recent history of the organisation. It will provide an essential research tool for anyone investigating the history of the Commonwealth and will serve to promote interest in and understanding of the organisation. Biography: Head of the civil service college in Sri Lanka; Assistant Director of the Management Development Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1976-1984; Director, Commonwealth Youth Programme, Commonwealth Secretariat, 1984-1992; Director of Development and Planning, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 1992-

Estabilidad Contractual

con este artículo de investigación se analizará lo expuesto por la Corte Constitucional ante el retiro de los contratistas de prestación de servicio de las entidades públicas cuando por causas de accidente laboral o común cuenten con alguna afectación médica de sus funciones que afecte el desarrollo de sus actividades laborales, dado que este hecho, viola el derecho al trabajo y es un punto importante de estudio en un país que, según la Constitución Política de Colombia, todos tenemos derecho al trabajo digno, el cual beneficie no solo a personal que labora en las plantas de personal, sino también prestando sus servicios personales.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho AdministrativoWith this research article, what was stated by the Constitutional Court will be analyzed before the withdrawal of service provision contractors from public entities when, due to a work-related or common accident, they have some medical impairment of their functions that affects the development of their activities. labor, given that this fact violates the right to work and is an important point of study in a country that, according to the Political Constitution of Colombia, we all have the right to decent work, which benefits not only the personnel who work in the plants staff, but also by providing their personal services

Human amniotic epithelial cells : Isolation and characterisation

The amniotic membrane is part of the fetal membrane and is composed of the amniotic epithelial (HAE) and mesenchymal (HAM) cells that are derived from the inner cell mass in the blastocyst. Thus, HAE and HAM cells may be multipotent. It has been reported that some differentiation markers for neuronal and hepatic parenchymal cells were expressed in HAE cells, suggesting that HAE cells may be a good source of stem cells for various cellular therapies. In addition, amniotic cells do not express the MHC class II, which may help prevent immune rejection, and can be obtained after delivery. We established a new method for isolation and cultivation of HAE cells and tested the pluripotency in different passages. HAE cells were cultured in different enriched mediums (with different growth factors) for expansion. We have found that HAE cells express Oct-4 mRNA as well as Rex-1 mRNAs (pluripotency markers) at passage 0. Phenotypic characterisation of HAE cells was carried out by a flow cytometer. HAE cells from passages 0, 1 and 5 demonstrated the transitive expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial markers. In summary, amnion from discarded placenta can be an interesting source of cells for regenerative medicine.Das Amnion ist ein Teil der fetalen Membran, die aus amniotischen Epithelzellen (HAE) sowie amniotischen Mesenchymzellen besteht. HAE entwickeln sich aus der inneren Zellmasse und zeigen eine vielseitige Expression von neuronalen, pankreatischen und hepatischen Differenzierungsmarkern. Anderseits exprimieren die Zellen keine MHC-2 Moleküle. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften konnten die Zellen für verschiedene Zelltherapien angesetzt werden. Für die nähere Untersuchung von HAE-Zellen in vivo wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit eine neue Aufreinigungsmethode und die Kultivierungsbedingungen etabliert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass HAE-Zellen direkt nach der Aufreinigung wichtige Pluripotenzmarker wie Oct-4 und REX-1 exprimieren. Um das Phänotyp von HAE-Zellen zu charakterisieren, wurden FACS-Analysen mit unterschiedlichen Antikörpern durchgeführt. Die Zellen zeigten eine gleichzeitige Expression von epithelialen, mesenchymalen und endothelialen Markern. In Laufe der Kultivierung der Zellen in vivo stiegt Expression von mesenchymalen Markern (Vimentin und CD140b) auf während die Expression von Zytokeratinen und endothelialen Markern sich zurück bildete. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass die HAE-Zellen ein Pluripotenzpotenzial besitzen und könnten in Zukunft in der regenerativen Medizin verwendet werden

Human amniotic epithelial cells : Isolation and characterisation

The amniotic membrane is part of the fetal membrane and is composed of the amniotic epithelial (HAE) and mesenchymal (HAM) cells that are derived from the inner cell mass in the blastocyst. Thus, HAE and HAM cells may be multipotent. It has been reported that some differentiation markers for neuronal and hepatic parenchymal cells were expressed in HAE cells, suggesting that HAE cells may be a good source of stem cells for various cellular therapies. In addition, amniotic cells do not express the MHC class II, which may help prevent immune rejection, and can be obtained after delivery. We established a new method for isolation and cultivation of HAE cells and tested the pluripotency in different passages. HAE cells were cultured in different enriched mediums (with different growth factors) for expansion. We have found that HAE cells express Oct-4 mRNA as well as Rex-1 mRNAs (pluripotency markers) at passage 0. Phenotypic characterisation of HAE cells was carried out by a flow cytometer. HAE cells from passages 0, 1 and 5 demonstrated the transitive expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial markers. In summary, amnion from discarded placenta can be an interesting source of cells for regenerative medicine.Das Amnion ist ein Teil der fetalen Membran, die aus amniotischen Epithelzellen (HAE) sowie amniotischen Mesenchymzellen besteht. HAE entwickeln sich aus der inneren Zellmasse und zeigen eine vielseitige Expression von neuronalen, pankreatischen und hepatischen Differenzierungsmarkern. Anderseits exprimieren die Zellen keine MHC-2 Moleküle. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften konnten die Zellen für verschiedene Zelltherapien angesetzt werden. Für die nähere Untersuchung von HAE-Zellen in vivo wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit eine neue Aufreinigungsmethode und die Kultivierungsbedingungen etabliert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass HAE-Zellen direkt nach der Aufreinigung wichtige Pluripotenzmarker wie Oct-4 und REX-1 exprimieren. Um das Phänotyp von HAE-Zellen zu charakterisieren, wurden FACS-Analysen mit unterschiedlichen Antikörpern durchgeführt. Die Zellen zeigten eine gleichzeitige Expression von epithelialen, mesenchymalen und endothelialen Markern. In Laufe der Kultivierung der Zellen in vivo stiegt Expression von mesenchymalen Markern (Vimentin und CD140b) auf während die Expression von Zytokeratinen und endothelialen Markern sich zurück bildete. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass die HAE-Zellen ein Pluripotenzpotenzial besitzen und könnten in Zukunft in der regenerativen Medizin verwendet werden

The clockfront and wavefront model revisited

The currently accepted interpretation of the clock and wavefront model of somitogenesis is that a posteriorly moving molecular gradient sequentially slows the rate of clock oscillations, resulting in a spatial readout of temporal oscillations. However, while molecular components of the clocks and wavefronts have now been identified in the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM), there is not yet conclusive evidence demonstrating that the observed molecular wavefronts act to slow clock oscillations. Here we present an alternative formulation of the clock and wavefront model in which oscillator coupling, already known to play a key role in oscillator synchronisation, plays a fundamentally important role in the slowing of oscillations along the anterior–posterior (AP) axis. Our model has three parameters which can be determined, in any given species, by the measurement of three quantities: the clock period in the posterior PSM, somite length and the length of the PSM. A travelling wavefront, which slows oscillations along the AP axis, is an emergent feature of the model. Using the model we predict: (a) the distance between moving stripes of gene expression; (b) the number of moving stripes of gene expression and (c) the oscillator period profile along the AP axis. Predictions regarding the stripe data are verified using existing zebrafish data. We simulate a range of experimental perturbations and demonstrate how the model can be used to unambiguously define a reference frame along the AP axis. Comparing data from zebrafish, chick, mouse and snake, we demonstrate that: (a) variation in patterning profiles is accounted for by a single nondimensional parameter; the ratio of coupling strengths; and (b) the period profile along the AP axis is conserved across species. Thus the model is consistent with the idea that, although the genes involved in pattern propagation in the PSM vary, there is a conserved patterning mechanism across species

Cuidados de enfermería aplicados al paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio, en el Hospital Carlos Monge Medrano de Juliaca, 2018

Las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y dentro de estas el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio han sido el mayor problema de salud y la principal causa de muerte en muchos países, estas provocaban menos del 10% de muertes en el mundo, actualmente son responsables de casi la mitad de decesos en países desarrollados y representan el 25% en países en vías de desarrollo. En nuestro país las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares se encuentran entre las tres primeras causas de mortalidad, siendo los ataques cardiacos, accidentes cerebrovasculares, enfermedades hipertensivas e insuficiencia cardiaca más frecuentes; en nuestra capital cada día se producen entre 4 y 5 infartos de miocardio y se prevé que estas enfermedades sigan siendo la principal causa de muerte afectando no sólo a personas mayores, sino también a personas jóvenes. Es por ello que se realizó la presente monografía titulada “Cuidados de Enfermería aplicados al paciente con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio en el Hospital Carlos Monge Medrano Juliaca - 2018, con el objetivo de analizar los cuidados de enfermería aplicados al paciente con diagnostico Infarto Agudo de Miocardio en función al Proceso de Atención de Enfermería. El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería es un método científico que se aplica en la práctica asistencial de la enfermera, permite prestar atención de forma racional y asistemática, individualizada tratando las necesidades del paciente. Para realizar el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, primero se realizó con la valoración inmediata, esto por encontrarnos en el servicio de emergencia, un servicio crítico y de riesgo, la recolección de datos a través de la entrevista es fundamental para identificar el problema, junto con la interpretación de los exámenes auxiliares nos permitieron formular los diagnósticos de enfermería luego realizar el plan de cuidados de enfermería y posteriormente ejecutar los planes de cuidado a través de las intervenciones de enfermería afín de solucionar los problemas potenciales que presente el paciente, esto para mejorar la situación de salud y evitar complicaciones que pongan en riesgo la vida del paciente, con lo cual se logra restablecer la salud del paciente esto por brindar los cuidados oportunos al paciente que se encuentra en situación crítica.Trabajo académic

Variación del pH en la carne de cerdos beneficiados con aturdimiento eléctrico y sin aturdimiento

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la variación del pH cárnico en las primeras 24 horas post sacrificio, en canales de cerdos beneficiados con aturdimiento eléctrico y en canales de cerdos beneficiados sin aturdimiento. Un total de 446 cerdos fueron distribuidos en 2 grupos, 223 animales beneficiados con aturdimiento eléctrico y 223 animales beneficiados sin aturdimiento (78 machos enteros y 145 hembras para cada grupo respectivamente), con similares características en manejo, edad y línea genética. Se realizó la medición del pH en todas las canales, a nivel del músculo semimembranoso de la pierna izquierda, a la primera hora post beneficio y posteriormente cada 2 horas por un periodo de 24 horas en condiciones de refrigeración. Se determinó que el aturdimiento eléctrico influye en los valores del pH inicial y final obteniéndose un pH inicial menor en los animales sacrificados con aturdimiento eléctrico (6.54) respecto a los animales sacrificados sin aturdimiento (6.75) y un valor del pH final mayor en los animales sacrificados con aturdimiento eléctrico (5.90) respecto a los animales beneficiados sin aturdimiento (5.55). También se determinó que el sexo influye en el valor final del pH, obteniéndose un pH final mayor en machos enteros que en hembras, 6.00 y 5.44 respectivamente para el grupo de animales beneficiados con aturdimiento eléctrico, 6.00 y 5.24 en machos enteros y hembras respectivamente para los animales beneficiados sin aturdimiento.-- The objective of this study was to determine the variation of the meat pH in the first 24 hours after death in the carcasses pork slaughter by electrical stunning and in the carcasses pork slaughter without stunning. A total of 446 porks, were distributed in 2 groups: 223 slaughter animals with electric stunning and 223 slaughter animals without electric stunning (78 males and 145 females for each group respective), with similar characteristics in management, age and genetic line. pH measurement was done in carcasses in semimembranosus muscle of the left leg, in the first hour post slaughter and later each 2 hour by a period of 24 hours in refrigerating conditions. It was determined that electric slaughter influence in the initial and final pH values, getting lower initial pH in the animals slaughter with electric stunning (6.54) than that of the animals slaughter without stunning (6.75) and a higher final pH in the slaughter animals with electric stunning (5.90) than that of the animals slaughter without electric stunning (5.55). There was also determined the sex influence in the final pH value, obtaining a higher final pH in males than in females, 6.00 and 5.44 respectively for the group of the slaughter animals with electric stunning, 6.00 and 5.24 in males and females respectively for the slaughter animals without stunning.Tesi

LAS SEMILLAS UN RECURSO DIDÁCTICO PARA DESARROLLAR LA ACTITUD Y PENSAMIENTO CIENTÍFICO DESDE LA LECTURA Y ESCRITURA EN NIÑÓS DE 5 A 7 AÑOS DE EDAD

Las semillas constituyen un recurso natural-didáctico innovador  para estimular en los niños y niñas el desarrollo la actitud y pensamiento científico desde la lectura y escritura. La experiencia  se desarrolla con niños   de 5 a 7 años,  en la Escuela Científica Vacacional Ecomuchik, realizada en las instalaciones del Biohuerto de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, durante tres años consecutivos, y se está validando en una institución educativa estatal de Trujillo y una institución educativa urbana marginal, con óptimos resultados.  En la experiencia se propone el trabajo en el aula, con la estrategia a – e – i – o – u, la cual ha sido adaptada para el trabajo de la lectura y escritura y el desarrollo del pensamiento científico

The Whooping Crane in Mexico: Past, Present, and Future?

We reviewed ornithological, historic, anthropological, and archaeological records for evidence of whooping cranes (Grus americana) in Mexico. Records of whooping cranes in Mexico span 88 years (1863-1951) and cluster in 3 areas. Wintering records come from the northern highlands (Durango, and possibly Chihuahua), the central highlands (Guanajuato, Jalisco), and northeastern Tamaulipas, where the bird was also found in summer and might have bred. Later records (1970’s and 1980’s) of whooping cranes in the northern highlands are from individual birds released into the experimental migratory population that formerly migrated from Idaho to New Mexico, USA. Many of the wetlands used by whooping cranes remain and, though faced with a variety of threats, are conservation priority areas and some are already protected. We suggest 3 scenarios by which whooping cranes might return to winter in Mexico. The first 2 involve dispersal by birds wintering at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA, by either population growth or ecosystem changes or degradation (e.g., climate change, reduced freshwater inflows) at the refuge. Finally, reintroduction of a migratory population might target part of Mexico as a wintering area. We encourage investigation of wetlands in Mexico, especially in northeastern Tamaulipas for their potential as future wintering areas. Our preliminary survey of historic Spanish language publications covering the 1500’s to early 1600’s found clear references to cranes in which, for example, cranes are described feeding with geese in grain fields. Cranes are mentioned in accounts of the DeSoto and Coronado expeditions as well as the travels of Bishop Alonso de la Mota y Escobar. Unfortunately, these accounts do not adequately describe the birds for species identification. Only, the Florentine Codex by Fray Bernardino de Sahagun provides a description of the sandhill crane (G. canadensis) from near Mexico City at the time of Spanish conquest of the Aztecs. Continued searches of early Spanish language publications might yield more information of the historic distribution of cranes in Mexico

Effect of a Low-Methane Diet on Performance and Microbiome in Lactating Dairy Cows Accounting for Individual Pre-Trial Methane Emissions

Simple Summary Low methane-emitting dietary ingredients have been identified in extensive research conducted during the past decade. This study investigated the effects of replacing grass silage with maize silage, with or without rapeseed oil supplementation, on the methane emissions and performance of dairy cows. Pre-trial measurements of methane-emissions were used in the evaluation. Partial replacement of grass silage with maize silage did not affect methane emissions but reduced dairy cow performance. Adding rapeseed oil to the diet substantially reduced methane emissions due to modified rumen microbiota, resulting in impaired nutrient intake, digestibility, and yield of energy-corrected milk. Correcting for individual cow characteristics of methane emissions did not affect the magnitude of suppression of methane emissions by dietary treatments. This study examined the effects of partly replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS), with or without rapeseed oil (RSO) supplementation, on methane (CH4) emissions, production performance, and rumen microbiome in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The effect of individual pre-trial CH4-emitting characteristics on dietary emissions mitigation was also examined. Twenty Nordic Red cows at 71 +/- 37.2 (mean +/- SD) days in milk were assigned to a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments (GS, GS supplemented with RSO, GS plus MS, GS plus MS supplemented with RSO) applied in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Partial replacement of GS with MS decreased the intake of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, milk production, yield of milk components, and general nutrient digestibility. Supplementation with RSO decreased the intake of DM and nutrients, energy-corrected milk yield, composition and yield of milk fat and protein, and general digestibility of nutrients, except for crude protein. Individual cow pre-trial measurements of CH4-emitting characteristics had a significant influence on gas emissions but did not alter the magnitude of CH4 emissions. Dietary RSO decreased daily CH4, yield, and intensity. It also increased the relative abundance of rumen Methanosphaera and Succinivibrionaceae and decreased that of Bifidobacteriaceae. There were no effects of dietary MS on CH4 emissions in this study, but supplementation with 41 g RSO/kg of DM reduced daily CH4 emissions from lactating dairy cows by 22.5%